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With the laws of motion introduced in sections \cref{SEC:Laws}, we can now describe
the optimization problem facing each constellation operator in general terms. 
Actual functional specifications are described in \cref{SEC:Computation} on computation.

Each operator recieve per-period benefits 
-- such as profits for firms and warfighting capability for militaries --
from their constellation
according to $u^i(S_t,D_t)$, which depends 
on the current sizes of constellations and the level of debris.
In addition, the operator pays for the launch of $x^i_t$ satellites
according to a general cost function $F(x)$.
These satellites will become operational in the subsequent period.

Thus the $M$-period (possibly infinite), problem is:
\begin{align}
    \max_{\{x_t^i\}^M}&~ 
        \left[ \sum^M_{t=0} \beta^t u^i(S_t, D_t) - F(x^i_t) \right] \\
    &\text{subject to:}\\
    & s^j_{t+1} = R^j(S_t, D_t) s^j_t + x^j_t ~~~  \forall j \\
    & D_{t+1} = (1-\delta + g) D_t  
        + \gamma \sum^N_{i=1} \left( 1-R^i(S_t, D_t) \right) s^i_t
        + \Gamma \sum^N_{i=1} x^i_t
\end{align}
%Assumptions
% - Identical launch costs
% - Identical debris production from destruction.
% 

%\subsection{Infinite Period (Bellman) Equation} % Not sure how much help a new header is.
The inifinite period version of the problem above can be rewritten in the bellman form as
\begin{align}
    V^i(S_t, x^{\sim i}_t, D_t) = \max_{x^i_t} u^i(S_t, D_t) -F(x^i_t) 
    + \beta \left[ V^i(S_{t+1}, x^{\sim i}_{t+1}, D_{t+1}) \right]
\end{align}
where $x^{\sim i}_t$ represents the launch decisions of all the other constellation
operators.
One important point is that the policy function is a best response function, allowing for
a nash equilibrium interpretation of the result.

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