diff --git a/CurrentWriting/sections/04_ConstellationOperator.tex b/CurrentWriting/sections/04_ConstellationOperator.tex index 75008c1..aa97adc 100644 --- a/CurrentWriting/sections/04_ConstellationOperator.tex +++ b/CurrentWriting/sections/04_ConstellationOperator.tex @@ -2,7 +2,120 @@ \graphicspath{{\subfix{Assets/img/}}} \begin{document} -Introduction goes here -\subsection{testing} -This is a subsection of the introduction. +With the laws of motion introduced in sections \cref{asdf}, we can now describe +the optimization problem facing each constellation operator. + +Each operator recieve utility in each period per +their per period utility $u^i(\vec s_t,D_t)$, which depends +on the current sizes of constellations and the level of debris. +In addition, the operator pays for the launch of $x^i_t$ satellites +according to the cost function $F(x)$. +These satellites will become operational in the next period. + +Thus the $M$-period (possibly infinite), problem is: +\begin{align} + \max_{\{\vec x_t\}^M}&~ + E\left[ \sum^M_{t=0} \beta^t u^i(\vec s_t, D_t) - F(x^i_t) \right] \\ + &\text{subject to:}\\ + & s^i_{t+1} = (1-l^i(\vec s_t, D_t))s^i_t +x^i_t ~~~ \forall i \\ + & D_{t+1} = (1-\delta)D_t + g(D_t) + + \gamma \sum^N_{i=1} l^i(\vec s_t, D_t) + + \Gamma \sum^N_{i=1} x^i_t +\end{align} +%Assumptions +% - Identical launch costs +% - Identical debris production from destruction. +% + +\subsection{Infinite Period (Bellman) Equation} +The problem above can be rewritten in the bellman form as +\begin{align} + V^i(\vec s_t, \vec x^{\sim i}_t, D_t) = \max_{x^i_t} u^i(\vec s_t, D_t) -F(x) + + \beta \left[ V^i(\vec s_{t+1}, \vec x^{\sim i}_{t+1}, D_{t+1}) \right] +\end{align} +where $x^{\sim i}_t$ represents the launch decisions of all the other constellation +operators. +This implies that the policy function is a best response function, allowing for +a nash equilibrium interpretation of the result. + +To solve for the policy function, we have a variety of methods available. +Due to the computational method chosen later, I'm going to examine the conditions +for the existence of an euler equation. + +\subsubsection{Euler Equation} +First, find the single optimality condition +\begin{align} + 0 =& \parder{}{x^i_t}{} u^i(\vec s_t, D_t) -\parder{}{x^i_t}{}F(x) + + \beta \left[ \parder{}{x^i_t}{} + V^i(\vec s_{t+1}, \vec x^{\sim i}_{t+1}, D_{t+1}) + \right] \\ + 0 =& -\der{F}{x^i_t}{} + + \beta \left[ + \nabla_{\vec s_{t+1}, \vec x^{\sim i}_{t+1}, D_{t+1}} + V^i(\vec s_{t+1}, \vec x^{\sim i}_{t+1}, D_{t+1}) + \cdot + \nabla_{x^i_t} [ \vec s_{t+1}, \vec x^{\sim i}_{t+1}, D_{t+1} ] + \right] \label{EQ:OptimalityCondition}\\ + 0 =& -\der{F}{x^i_t}{} + \beta \nabla V^i_t \cdot \vec a_t + \label{EQ:SimplifiedOptimalityCondition} +\end{align} + +Second, the $2N$\footnote{recall that $N$ is the number of constellations.} +envelope conditions can also be found: +\begin{align} + \nabla_{\vec s_t, \vec x^{\sim i}_t, D_t} V^i(\vec s_t, \vec x^{\sim i}_t, D_t) + =& \nabla_{\vec s_t, \vec x^{\sim i}_t, D_t} u^i(\vec s_t, D_t) \notag \\ + &- \der{}{x}{}F(x^i(\vec s_t, \vec x^{\sim i}_t, D_t)) \cdot + \nabla_{\vec s_t, \vec x^{\sim i}_t, D_t} x^i(\vec s_t, \vec x^{\sim i}_t, D_t) \notag\\ + &+ \beta \left[ + \nabla_{\vec s_{t+1}, \vec x^{\sim i}_{t+1}, D_{t+1} } + V^i(\vec s_{t+1}, \vec x^{\sim i}_{t+1}, D_{t+1}) + \cdot + \nabla_{\vec s_t, \vec x^{\sim i}_t, D_t} + [ \vec s_{t+1}, \vec x^{\sim i}_{t+1}, D_{t+1} ] + \right] \label{EQ:EnvelopeConditions} + \\ + \nabla \vec V^i_t =& \vec u^i - \vec f + \beta A \cdot \nabla \vec V^i_{t+1} + \label{EQ:SimplifiedEnvelopeConditions} +\end{align} +When interpreting this, note that +$$ +\nabla \vec V^i_{t+1} = \nabla_{\vec s_{t+1}, \vec x^{\sim i}_{t+1}, D_{t+1} } + V^i(\vec s_{t+1}, \vec x^{\sim i}_{t+1}, D_{t+1}) +$$ +is a $2N \times 1$ vector of first derivatives but +$$ +A = \nabla_{\vec s_t, \vec x^{\sim i}_t, D_t} + [ \vec s_{t+1}, \vec x^{\sim i}_{t+1}, D_{t+1} ] +$$ +is a $2N \times 2N$ matrix of first derivatives. + +By solving for $\vec V^i_{t+1}$ as a function of $\vec V^i_{t}$ we get the +intertemporal condition: +\begin{align} + \frac{1}{\beta} A^{-1} \left(\nabla \vec V^i_t - \vec u^i +\vec f \right) + = \nabla \vec V^i_{t+1} +\end{align} +Thus one crucial condition for the existence of a solution is that $A^{-1}$ exists for +all values the laws of motion and choice functions can take. + +% \subsection{Existence} +% I need to do some more diving into conditions for existence. +% Of particular concern is that the way I have specified the debris may lead to +% non-convergence. +% + +Finally, to construct the euler equation, we take +\cref{EQ:SimplifiedOptimalityCondition} +and iterate it forward $2N-1$ times. +By substituting +\cref{EQ:SimplifiedEnvelopeConditions} +into each iteration enough times +you get a system that defines $\nabla V^i_t$ +By substituting this defined value of $\nabla V^i_t$ into +\cref{EQ:SimplifiedOptimalityCondition} +one final time, we get a function that fully determines the policy function. + +\cref{EQ:SimplifiedOptimalityConditions,EQ:SimplifiedEnvelopeConditions} + \end{document}