@dataset{_,
  type = {dataset}
}

@article{11commissionreport_,
  title = {The 9/11 {{Commission Report}}},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/2D2I62DH/The 911 Commission Report.pdf}
}

@online{2019icd10cmcms_,
  title = {2019 {{ICD-10-CM}} | {{CMS}}},
  url = {https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Coding/ICD10/2019-ICD-10-CM},
  urldate = {2023-04-09},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/S5ISTWEL/2019-ICD-10-CM.html}
}

@report{2021usspacedebrispresentation_,
  title = {2021 {{US Space Debris Presentation}} to {{STSC}}},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/WE8VMTAV/2021 US Space Debris Presentation to STSC_final.pdf}
}

@online{2023icd10cmcms_,
  title = {2023 {{ICD-10-CM}} | {{CMS}}},
  url = {https://www.cms.gov/medicare/icd-10/2023-icd-10-cm},
  urldate = {2023-04-09}
}

@online{2023icd10pcscms_,
  title = {2023 {{ICD-10-PCS}} | {{CMS}}},
  url = {https://www.cms.gov/medicare/icd-10/2023-icd-10-pcs},
  urldate = {2023-04-09},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/4NLQJQT6/2023-icd-10-pcs.html}
}

@misc{2023nationalsurveydruguse_,
  title = {2023 {{National Survey}} on {{Drug Use}} and {{Health}} ({{NSDUH}}): {{Final Web Specifications}} for {{Programming}} ({{English Version}})},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/HNGLYP8Z/2023NSDUHmrbWebCAISpecs013123.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/YCIA2YGA/2023NSDUHmrbWebCAISpecs013123.pdf}
}

@report{2023usspacedebrispresentation_,
  title = {2023 {{US Space Debris Presentation}} to {{STSC}}},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/3F8DL8X2/2023 US Space Debris Presentation to STSC_final.pdf}
}

@online{20240416planworkplansworknotebooks_,
  title = {2024-04-16 {{Plan}} - {{Work Plans}} - {{WorkNotebooks}} - {{Collectives}} - {{Nextcloud}}},
  url = {https://cloud.thekingfam.com/apps/collectives/WorkNotebooks/Work%20Plans/2024-04-16%20Plan?fileId=44746},
  urldate = {2024-04-20},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/SQR8DSHJ/2024-04-16 Plan.html}
}

@article{abrantes-metz_pharmaceuticaldevelopmentphases_2004,
  title = {Pharmaceutical {{Development Phases}}: {{A Duration Analysis}}},
  shorttitle = {Pharmaceutical {{Development Phases}}},
  author = {Abrantes-Metz, Rosa M. and Adams, Christopher and Metz, Albert D.},
  date = {2004},
  journaltitle = {SSRN Electronic Journal},
  shortjournal = {SSRN Journal},
  issn = {1556-5068},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.607941},
  url = {http://www.ssrn.com/abstract=607941},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {This paper estimates a duration model of late stage drug development in the pharmaceutical industry using publically available data. The paper presents descriptive results on teh estimated relationship between a particular drug's characteristics such as therapy category, route of administration, and originator's size, and that drug's pathway through the three stages of human clinical trials and regulatory review. The results suggest that drugs with longer durations are less likely to succeed, drugs from larger firms are more likely to succeed and faster in the later phase of development, and that durations fell between 1995 and 2002.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/LANZBC53/Abrantes-Metz et al. - 2004 - Pharmaceutical Development Phases A Duration Anal.pdf}
}

@article{acemoglu_marketsizeinnovation_2004,
  title = {{{MARKET SIZE IN INNOVATION}}: {{THEORY AND EVIDENCE FROM THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY}}},
  author = {Acemoglu, Daron and Linn, Joshua},
  date = {2004-08},
  journaltitle = {QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/HYTY3E36/Acemoglu and Linn - MARKET SIZE IN INNOVATION THEORY AND EVIDENCE FRO.pdf}
}

@article{ackerberg_econometrictoolsanalyzing_,
  title = {Econometric {{Tools}} for {{Analyzing Market Outcomes}}.},
  author = {Ackerberg, Daniel and Benkard, C Lanier and Berry, Steven and Pakes, Ariel},
  abstract = {This paper outlines recently developed techniques for estimating the primitives needed to empirically analyze equilibrium interactions and their implications in oligopolistic markets. It is divided into an introduction and three sections; a section on estimating demand functions, a section on estimating production functions, and a section on estimating “dynamic” parameters (parameters estimated through their implications on the choice of controls which determine the distribution of future profits).},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {To Process},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/Y4UTBSCJ/Ackerberg et al. - Econometric Tools for Analyzing Market Outcomes..pdf}
}

@article{adamowicz_statedpreferenceapproaches_1998,
  title = {Stated {{Preference Approaches}} for {{Measuring Passive Use Values}}: {{Choice Experiments}} and {{Contingent Valuation}}},
  shorttitle = {Stated {{Preference Approaches}} for {{Measuring Passive Use Values}}},
  author = {Adamowicz, Wiktor and Boxall, Peter and Williams, Michael and Louviere, Jordan},
  date = {1998-02},
  journaltitle = {American Journal of Agricultural Economics},
  shortjournal = {American Journal of Agricultural Economics},
  volume = {80},
  number = {1},
  pages = {64--75},
  issn = {0002-9092, 1467-8276},
  doi = {10.2307/3180269},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.2307/3180269},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {The measurement of passive use values has become an important issue in environmental economics. In this paper we examine an extension or variant of contingent valuation, the choice experiment, which employs a series of questions with more than two alternatives that are designed to elicit responses that allow the estimation of preferences over attributes of an environmental state. We also combine the information from choice experiments and contingent valuation to test for differences in preferences and error variances arising from the two methods. Our results show that choice experiments have considerable merit in measuring passive use values.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/9NCYEQWS/Adamowicz et al. - 1998 - Stated Preference Approaches for Measuring Passive.pdf}
}

@article{adilov_economickesslersyndrome_2018,
  title = {An Economic “{{Kessler Syndrome}}”: {{A}} Dynamic Model of Earth Orbit Debris},
  shorttitle = {An Economic “{{Kessler Syndrome}}”},
  author = {Adilov, Nodir and Alexander, Peter J. and Cunningham, Brendan M.},
  date = {2018-05},
  journaltitle = {Economics Letters},
  shortjournal = {Economics Letters},
  volume = {166},
  pages = {79--82},
  issn = {01651765},
  doi = {10.1016/j.econlet.2018.02.025},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165176518300818},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {We construct a dynamic model of orbital debris that predicts an ‘‘economic Kessler Syndrome’’, where orbital debris renders orbits economically unprofitable, precedes a ‘‘physical Kessler Syndrome’’. Our model generalizes to any orbit subject to debris accretions or decrements.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Dynamic Game Theory,Orbit Managment,Orbital Debris},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/PG66ZXNW/Adilov et al. - 2018 - An economic “Kessler Syndrome” A dynamic model of.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/WNG62QTX/Adilov et al. - 2018 - An economic “Kessler Syndrome” A dynamic model of.pdf}
}

@article{adilov_economicsorbitaldebris_2020,
  title = {The Economics of Orbital Debris Generation, Accumulation, Mitigation, and Remediation},
  author = {Adilov, Nodir and Alexander, Peter J. and Cunningham, Brendan M.},
  date = {2020-09},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Space Safety Engineering},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Space Safety Engineering},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {447--450},
  issn = {24688967},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jsse.2020.07.016},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S246889672030080X},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {We explore how economic forces contribute to the generation and accumulation of orbital debris. The current structure of economic incentives for using orbital space may result in an economic Kessler Syndrome, in which orbital space becomes economically unprofitable for commercial exploration. We use simulations of an economic model to compare the effectiveness of various policy choices in slowing the accumulation rate and reducing levels of orbital debris. These findings provide useful guidance for policymakers.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Follow-Up,Orbital Debris,Satellites},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/CZUBGN5Q/Adilov et al. - 2020 - The economics of orbital debris generation, accumu.pdf}
}

@article{adilov_leftdeadanticompetitive_2019,
  title = {{{LEFT FOR DEAD}}: {{ANTI}}‐{{COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR IN ORBITAL SPACE}}},
  shorttitle = {{{LEFT FOR DEAD}}},
  author = {Adilov, Nodir and Cunningham, Brendan M. and Alexander, Peter J. and Duvall, Jerry and Shiman, Daniel R.},
  date = {2019-07},
  journaltitle = {Economic Inquiry},
  shortjournal = {Econ Inq},
  volume = {57},
  number = {3},
  pages = {1497--1509},
  issn = {0095-2583, 1465-7295},
  doi = {10.1111/ecin.12790},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ecin.12790},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {In a dynamic investment framework with depreciation, we show incumbent satellite operators have incentives to “warehouse” a fraction of their assigned spectrum and orbital slots, keeping non-operational assets in place, which reduces output, increases prices, and diminishes social welfare. Exploring three distinct market structures, we model firms’ incentives to warehouse, and show conditions under which firms choose to warehouse rather than replace non-functioning satellites. We find a dominant firm with a competitive fringe produces more and longer duration warehousing relative to perfect competition or monopoly. Regulators could remediate warehousing by increasing a firm’s marginal costs, or by increasing the probability of re-allocating orbital slots that do not have a fully-functioning satellite.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Orbit Managment,Orbital Debris},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/39XZYDH7/Adilov et al. - 2019 - LEFT FOR DEAD ANTI‐COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOR IN ORBITA.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/HYMDSQLX/Adilov et al. - 2019 - LEFT FOR DEAD preprint.pdf}
}

@online{adventuresdeepreinforcementlearningusing_,
  title = {Adventures in {{Deep Reinforcement Learning}} Using {{StarCraft II}}},
  author = {, Benny},
  url = {http://bennycheung.github.io/adventures-in-deep-reinforcement-learning},
  urldate = {2024-04-19},
  abstract = {The paradigm of learning by trial-and-error, exclusively from rewards is known as Reinforcement Learning (RL). The essence of RL is learning through interaction, mimicking the human way of learnin...},
  keywords = {Applied,Machine learning,MARL},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/L4XBZJKF/adventures-in-deep-reinforcement-learning.html}
}

@article{agarwal_whatdrivesinnovation_2022,
  title = {What Drives Innovation? {{Lessons}} from {{COVID-19 R}}\&{{D}}},
  shorttitle = {What Drives Innovation?},
  author = {Agarwal, Ruchir and Gaule, Patrick},
  date = {2022-03},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Health Economics},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Health Economics},
  volume = {82},
  pages = {102591},
  issn = {01676296},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jhealeco.2022.102591},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S016762962200011X},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/955FY8K9/Agarwal and Gaule - 2022 - What drives innovation Lessons from COVID-19 R&D.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/IR6EYJXQ/Agarwal and Gaule - 2022 - What drives innovation Lessons from COVID-19 R&D.pdf}
}

@article{aguirregabiria_sequentialestimationdynamic_,
  title = {Sequential {{Estimation}} of {{Dynamic Discrete Games}}},
  author = {Aguirregabiria, Victor and Mira, Pedro},
  abstract = {This paper studies the estimation of dynamic discrete games of incomplete information. Two main econometric issues appear in the estimation of these models: the indeterminacy problem associated with the existence of multiple equilibria and the computational burden in the solution of the game. We propose a class of pseudo maximum likelihood (PML) estimators that deals with these problems, and we study the asymptotic and finite sample properties of several estimators in this class. We first focus on two-step PML estimators, which, although they are attractive for their computational simplicity, have some important limitations: they are seriously biased in small samples; they require consistent nonparametric estimators of players’ choice probabilities in the first step, which are not always available; and they are asymptotically inefficient. Second, we show that a recursive extension of the two-step PML, which we call nested pseudo likelihood (NPL), addresses those drawbacks at a relatively small additional computational cost. The NPL estimator is particularly useful in applications where consistent nonparametric estimates of choice probabilities either are not available or are very imprecise, e.g., models with permanent unobserved heterogeneity. Finally, we illustrate these methods in Monte Carlo experiments and in an empirical application to a model of firm entry and exit in oligopoly markets using Chilean data from several retail industries.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/5P6AJKYY/Aguirregabiria and Mira - Sequential Estimation of Dynamic Discrete Games.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/GJSMPS44/Aguirregabiria and Mira - Sequential Estimation of Dynamic Discrete Games.pdf}
}

@article{aizaki_designanalysischoice_2008,
  title = {Design and {{Analysis}} of {{Choice Experiments Using R}}: {{A Brief Introduction}}},
  shorttitle = {Design and {{Analysis}} of {{Choice Experiments Using R}}},
  author = {Aizaki, Hideo and Nishimura, Kazushi},
  date = {2008},
  journaltitle = {Agricultural Information Research},
  shortjournal = {Agricultural Information Research},
  volume = {17},
  number = {2},
  pages = {86--94},
  issn = {0916-9482, 1881-5219},
  doi = {10.3173/air.17.86},
  url = {http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/air/17/2/17_2_86/_article},
  urldate = {2023-05-12},
  abstract = {This paper briefly introduces choice experiments using R, which is a language and environment for statistical computing. Choice experiments belong to the family of stated preference methods and are applied to numerous issues in research fields such as marketing science, transportation economics, environmental economics, agricultural economics, or health economics. We explain the process of creating choice sets using the AlgDesign package and the process of statistically analyzing responses using the survival package. Since R is free software, readers of this document may find it easy to apply choice experiments to their research projects.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/HFPQ9CC3/Aizaki and Nishimura - 2008 - Design and Analysis of Choice Experiments Using R.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/JYYZSHMC/Aizaki and Nishimura - 2008 - Design and Analysis of Choice Experiments Using R.pdf}
}

@book{albrecht_multiagentreinforcementlearning_2024,
  title = {Multi-{{Agent Reinforcement Learning}}: {{Foundations}} and {{Modern Approaches}}},
  author = {Albrecht, Stefano V and Christianos, Filippos and Schäfer, Lukas},
  date = {2024},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  url = {marl-book.com},
  langid = {english},
  pagetotal = {385},
  annotation = {CC-BY-NC-ND},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/GEYPNN42/Albrecht et al. - Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Foundations an.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/W85KTJDW/Albrecht et al. - Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Foundations an.pdf}
}

@book{alexander_tellingstoriesdata_2023,
  title = {Telling {{Stories}} with {{Data}}: {{With Applications}} in {{R}}},
  shorttitle = {Telling {{Stories}} with {{Data}}},
  author = {Alexander, Rohan},
  date = {2023-06-20},
  edition = {1},
  publisher = {{Chapman and Hall/CRC}},
  location = {Boca Raton},
  doi = {10.1201/9781003229407},
  url = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003229407},
  urldate = {2024-08-08},
  isbn = {978-1-003-22940-7},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/3KJFZ826/Alexander - 2023 - Telling Stories with Data With Applications in R.pdf}
}

@article{allabadi_refinementsfedorovsalgorithms_2015,
  title = {Some Refinements on {{Fedorov}}’s Algorithms for Constructing {{D-optimal}} Designs},
  author = {Al Labadi, Luai},
  date = {2015-02-01},
  journaltitle = {Brazilian Journal of Probability and Statistics},
  shortjournal = {Braz. J. Probab. Stat.},
  volume = {29},
  number = {1},
  issn = {0103-0752},
  doi = {10.1214/13-BJPS228},
  url = {https://projecteuclid.org/journals/brazilian-journal-of-probability-and-statistics/volume-29/issue-1/Some-refinements-on-Fedorovs-algorithms-for-constructing-D-optimal-designs/10.1214/13-BJPS228.full},
  urldate = {2023-02-01},
  abstract = {Well-known and widely used algorithms for constructing D-optimal designs are Fedorov’s sequential algorithm and Fedorov’s exchange algorithm. In this paper, we modify these two algorithms by adding or exchanging two or more points simultaneously at each step. This will significantly reduce the number of steps needed to construct a D-optimal design. We also prove the convergence of the proposed sequential algorithm to a D-optimal design. Optimal designs for rational regression are used as an illustration.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/Q68PZLYK/Al Labadi - 2015 - Some refinements on Fedorov’s algorithms for const.pdf}
}

@article{allenby_hierarchicalbayesmodels_2005,
  title = {Hierarchical {{Bayes Models}}: {{A Practitioners Guide}}},
  shorttitle = {Hierarchical {{Bayes Models}}},
  author = {Allenby, Greg M. and Rossi, Peter E. and McCulloch, Robert E.},
  date = {2005},
  journaltitle = {SSRN Electronic Journal},
  shortjournal = {SSRN Journal},
  issn = {1556-5068},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.655541},
  url = {http://www.ssrn.com/abstract=655541},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {Hierarchical Bayes models free researchers from computational constraints and allow researchers and practitioners to develop more realistic models of buyer behavior and decision making. Moreover, this freedom enables exploration of marketing problems that have proven elusive over the years, such as models for advertising ROI, sales force effectiveness, and similarly complex problems that often involve simultaneity. The promise of Bayesian statistical methods lies in the ability to deal with these complex problems, but the very complexity of the problems creates a significant challenge to both researchers and practitioners. We illustrate the promise of HB models and provide and introduction to their computation.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/2Z8QYBII/Allenby et al. - 2005 - Hierarchical Bayes Models A Practitioners Guide.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/Y5QW3ZJY/Allenby et al. - 2005 - Hierarchical Bayes Models A Practitioners Guide.pdf}
}

@article{anderegg_chartingcomplexdynamic_,
  title = {Charting {{Complex}}, {{Dynamic}} and {{Extra-orbital Space Operations}}},
  author = {Anderegg, Andy and Lindy, Erica and O’Neil, Sean},
  number = {20},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Orbits},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/CC2WBN7J/Anderegg et al. - Charting Complex, Dynamic and Extra-orbital Space .pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/XQVZ9BRE/Anderegg et al. - Charting Complex, Dynamic and Extra-orbital Space .pdf}
}

@online{anderson_fdadrugapproval_2022,
  title = {{{FDA Drug Approval Process}}},
  namea = {Anderson, Leigh Ann},
  nameatype = {collaborator},
  date = {2022-05-28},
  url = {https://www.drugs.com/fda-approval-process.html},
  urldate = {2023-04-12},
  abstract = {It can take up to \$2 billion and 12 to 15 years to get a drug from the test tube to the market. What happens at the FDA to get this drug safely to you?},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {Drugs.com},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/VTIGXXJB/fda-approval-process.html}
}

@article{angrist_identificationcausaleffects_1993,
  title = {Identification of {{Causal Effects}} Using {{Instrumental Variables}}},
  author = {Angrist, J.D. and Rubin, Donald B, D.B. and Imbens, Guido W},
  date = {1993-06},
  keywords = {Causality,Instrumental Variables,Statistics,Theory},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/BQDGXJDT/1993_Angrist_Identification_of_Causal_Effec_1657150750346_0.pdf}
}

@online{angusdeatoninterviewrichmondfed_,
  title = {Angus {{Deaton}} | {{Interview}} | {{Richmond Fed}}},
  url = {https://www.richmondfed.org/publications/research/econ_focus/2023/q4_interview},
  urldate = {2024-03-18},
  abstract = {The Nobel Prize winner on the increase in deaths of despair, skepticism of randomized controlled trials, and the relevance of national boundaries.},
  langid = {american},
  keywords = {Economics},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/ELRKSKT8/q4_interview.html}
}

@article{anisimov_modellingpredictionadaptive_2007,
  title = {Modelling, Prediction and Adaptive Adjustment of Recruitment in Multicentre Trials},
  author = {Anisimov, Vladimir V. and Fedorov, Valerii V.},
  date = {2007-11-30},
  journaltitle = {Statistics in Medicine},
  shortjournal = {Statist. Med.},
  volume = {26},
  number = {27},
  pages = {4958--4975},
  issn = {02776715, 10970258},
  doi = {10.1002/sim.2956},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sim.2956},
  urldate = {2023-06-06},
  abstract = {This paper is focused on statistical modelling, prediction and adaptive adjustment of patient recruitment in multicentre clinical trials. We consider a recruitment model, where patients arrive at different centres according to Poisson processes, with recruitment rates viewed as a sample from a gamma distribution. A statistical analysis of completed studies is provided and properties of a few types of parameter estimators are investigated analytically and using simulation. The model has been validated using many real completed trials. A statistical technique for predictive recruitment modelling for ongoing trials is developed. It allows the prediction of the remaining recruitment time together with confidence intervals using current enrolment information, and also provision of an adaptive adjustment of recruitment by calculating the number of additional centres required to accomplish a study up to a certain deadline with a pre-specified probability. Results are illustrated for different recruitment scenarios. Copyright q 2007 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {ClinicalTrials,Enrollment},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/CJJWQZEI/Anisimov and Fedorov - 2007 - Modelling, prediction and adaptive adjustment of r.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/WEU49HLY/Anisimov and Fedorov - 2007 - Modelling, prediction and adaptive adjustment of r.pdf}
}

@article{anscombe_transformationpoissonbinomial_1948,
  title = {The {{Transformation}} of {{Poisson}}, {{Binomial}} and {{Negative-Binomial Data}}},
  author = {Anscombe, F. J.},
  date = {1948-12},
  journaltitle = {Biometrika},
  shortjournal = {Biometrika},
  volume = {35},
  number = {3/4},
  eprint = {2332343},
  eprinttype = {jstor},
  pages = {246},
  issn = {00063444},
  doi = {10.2307/2332343},
  url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/2332343?origin=crossref},
  urldate = {2023-04-09}
}

@article{anthonisen_microeconomicshocksmacroeconomic_2016,
  title = {Microeconomic Shocks and Macroeconomic Fluctuations in a Dynamic Network Economy},
  author = {Anthonisen, Niels},
  date = {2016-03},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Macroeconomics},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Macroeconomics},
  volume = {47},
  pages = {233--254},
  issn = {01640704},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jmacro.2015.11.001},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0164070415001391},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/MXDKCS4Y/Anthonisen - 2016 - Microeconomic shocks and macroeconomic fluctuation.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/NPH8SXR8/Anthonisen - 2016 - Microeconomic shocks and macroeconomic fluctuation.pdf}
}

@misc{anz-meador_historyorbitsatellite_2022,
  title = {History of {{On-orbit Satellite Fragmentations}}, 16th {{Edition}}},
  author = {Anz-Meador, Phillip and Opiela, John and Liou, Jer-Chyi},
  date = {2022},
  url = {https://orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov/library/hoosf_16e.pdf},
  urldate = {2023-10-17},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Orbital Debris,Satellites},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/C5AAZSIZ/Anz-Meador et al. - 2022 - History of On-orbit Satellite Fragmentations, 16th.pdf}
}

@misc{applicableclinicaltrialchecklist_,
  title = {Applicable {{Clinical Trial Checklist}}},
  abstract = {Checklist for Evaluating Whether a Clinical Trial or Study is an Applicable Clinical Trial (ACT)},
  organization = {Food and Drug Administration},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/JV8B6QF6/ACT_Checklist.pdf}
}

@book{approveddrugproductstherapeuticequivalence_2022,
  title = {{{APPROVED}}  {{DRUG}}  {{PRODUCTS}}  {{WITH THERAPEUTIC}}   {{EQUIVALENCE}}  {{EVALUATIONS}}},
  shorttitle = {{{OrangeBook}}},
  date = {2022},
  edition = {42},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/ITRKHFI8/_.pdf}
}

@article{araya-pizarro_queimpulsaeleccion_2019,
  title = {¿Qué Impulsa la Elección de una Cerveza Artesanal? En Busca de los Atributos Preferidos por el Consumidor Chileno},
  shorttitle = {¿Qué Impulsa la Elección de una Cerveza Artesanal?},
  author = {Araya-Pizarro, Sebastian and Ortloff-Nunez, Karin Yaneth and Rojas-Escobar, Luperfina Eloisa},
  date = {2019-12-15},
  journaltitle = {Multidisciplinary Business Review},
  shortjournal = {Multidiscip. bus. rev},
  volume = {12},
  number = {2},
  pages = {55--66},
  issn = {0718-3992, 0718-400X},
  doi = {10.35692/07183992.12.2.5},
  url = {http://www.asfae.cl/journalmbr/images/stories/MBR2019_2/art4.pdf},
  urldate = {2024-05-18},
  abstract = {The craft beer market in Chile is growing at a high rate within a fragmented and competitive industry. The purpose of the work was to determine, in a prospective way, the influence of certain attributes of craft beer on consumer purchasing preferences according to seven segmentation criteria (sex, age, occupation, income, frequency, mode of consumption and place of purchase). Through the use of the conjoint analysis, four attributes and twelve levels of study were evaluated (Alcoholic degree: low, medium, high; Origin: regional, national, imported; Type: blonde, amber, black; and Price: 1.5 USD, 2.0 USD, 3.5 USD), defined through documentary review and expert interviews. The results, obtained through a survey applied to 150 consumers in the Coquimbo Region, revealed that craft beer is associated with a collective, socializing and better tasting beverage than industrial manufacturing. The determining attributes of purchase are the type of beer and the alcoholic degree, the origin and price being the least relevant. Specifically, a light beer is preferred, with medium graduation (4.0-5.9°), regional origin and high price. The differences between segments revealed that the type of beer is more relevant for people who consume occasionally and that alcoholic graduation is essential for economically active people. The study provides relevant information for craft beer producers, in favor of their commercial development and positioning in the industry. Keywords: Preference, craft beer, segmentation criteria, multivariate analysis, profile consumer, Chile.},
  langid = {spanish},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/UIPWJD2R/2019 - ¿Qué Impulsa la Elección de una Cerveza Artesanal.pdf}
}

@online{aresorbitaldebrisprogramoffice_,
  title = {{{ARES}} | {{Orbital Debris Program Office}} | {{Reference Documents}}},
  url = {https://orbitaldebris.jsc.nasa.gov/reference-documents/},
  urldate = {2024-04-16},
  keywords = {Software},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/AI999LM4/reference-documents.html}
}

@online{arnaudbertrand[@rnaudbertrand]_absolutelymasterfulinterview_2023,
  type = {Tweet},
  title = {Absolutely Masterful Interview on {{Gaza}} of {{Dominique De Villepin}}, Former {{Prime Minister}} of {{France}}, Who Famously Led {{France}}'s Opposition to the {{Iraq}} War and Who, {{IMHO}} Is the Best Diplomat the {{West}} Has Produced in Decades. {{This}} Is so Important, so Incredibly Well Argued, That {{I}}… {{https://t.co/KSSdM4p5Bf}}},
  author = {{Arnaud Bertrand [@RnaudBertrand]}},
  date = {2023-10-28T09:42Z},
  url = {https://twitter.com/RnaudBertrand/status/1718201487132885246},
  urldate = {2024-01-26},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {Twitter},
  keywords = {Foreign Policy,Quotes},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/9PFKU8FV/1718201487132885246.html}
}

@inproceedings{aseconferenceabstracts_2023,
  title = {{{ASE Conference Abstracts}}},
  date = {2023},
  eventtitle = {Applied {{Space Environment Conference}}},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/GPFRWT55/ASEC2023-Book-of-Abstracts.pdf}
}

@article{athey_machinelearningmethods_,
  title = {Machine {{Learning Methods Economists Should Know About}}},
  author = {Athey, Susan and Imbens, Guido W},
  abstract = {We discuss the relevance of the recent Machine Learning (ML) literature for economics and econometrics. First we discuss the differences in goals, methods and settings between the ML literature and the traditional econometrics and statistics literatures. Then we discuss some specific methods from the machine learning literature that we view as important for empirical researchers in economics. These include supervised learning methods for regression and classification, unsupervised learning methods, as well as matrix completion methods. Finally, we highlight newly developed methods at the intersection of ML and econometrics, methods that typically perform better than either off-the-shelf ML or more traditional econometric methods when applied to particular classes of problems, problems that include causal inference for average treatment effects, optimal policy estimation, and estimation of the counterfactual effect of price changes in consumer choice models.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Machine learning},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/Q7MXW5UB/Athey and Imbens - Machine Learning Methods Economists Should Know Ab.pdf}
}

@article{aumann_subjectivitycorrelationrandomized_,
  title = {{{SUBJECTIVITY AND CORRELATION IN RANDOMIZED STRATEGIES}}},
  author = {Aumann, Robert J},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/AUVDXUME/Aumann - SUBJECJWITY AND CORRELATION IN RANDOMIZED STRATEGI.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/TFCC4T9X/Aumann - SUBJECJWITY AND CORRELATION IN RANDOMIZED STRATEGI.pdf}
}

@article{avalos-pacheco_validationpredictiveanalyses_2023,
  title = {Validation of {{Predictive Analyses}} for {{Interim Decisions}} in {{Clinical Trials}}},
  author = {Avalos-Pacheco, Alejandra and Ventz, Steffen and Arfè, Andrea and Alexander, Brian M. and Rahman, Rifaquat and Wen, Patrick Y. and Trippa, Lorenzo},
  date = {2023-02},
  journaltitle = {JCO precision oncology},
  shortjournal = {JCO Precis Oncol},
  volume = {7},
  eprint = {36848613},
  eprinttype = {pmid},
  pages = {e2200606},
  issn = {2473-4284},
  doi = {10.1200/PO.22.00606},
  abstract = {PURPOSE: Adaptive clinical trials use algorithms to predict, during the study, patient outcomes and final study results. These predictions trigger interim decisions, such as early discontinuation of the trial, and can change the course of the study. Poor selection of the Prediction Analyses and Interim Decisions (PAID) plan in an adaptive clinical trial can have negative consequences, including the risk of exposing patients to ineffective or toxic treatments. METHODS: We present an approach that leverages data sets from completed trials to evaluate and compare candidate PAIDs using interpretable validation metrics. The goal is to determine whether and how to incorporate predictions into major interim decisions in a clinical trial. Candidate PAIDs can differ in several aspects, such as the prediction models used, timing of interim analyses, and potential use of external data sets. To illustrate our approach, we considered a randomized clinical trial in glioblastoma. The study design includes interim futility analyses on the basis of the predictive probability that the final analysis, at the completion of the study, will provide significant evidence of treatment effects. We examined various PAIDs with different levels of complexity to investigate if the use of biomarkers, external data, or novel algorithms improved interim decisions in the glioblastoma clinical trial. RESULTS: Validation analyses on the basis of completed trials and electronic health records support the selection of algorithms, predictive models, and other aspects of PAIDs for use in adaptive clinical trials. By contrast, PAID evaluations on the basis of arbitrarily defined ad hoc simulation scenarios, which are not tailored to previous clinical data and experience, tend to overvalue complex prediction procedures and produce poor estimates of trial operating characteristics such as power and the number of enrolled patients. CONCLUSION: Validation analyses on the basis of completed trials and real world data support the selection of predictive models, interim analysis rules, and other aspects of PAIDs in future clinical trials.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Computer Simulation,Electronic Health Records,Glioblastoma,Humans,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic,Research Design}
}

@article{azoulay_doesscienceadvance_2019,
  title = {Does {{Science Advance One Funeral}} at a {{Time}}?},
  author = {Azoulay, Pierre and Fons-Rosen, Christian and Zivin, Joshua S. Graff},
  date = {2019-08-01},
  journaltitle = {American Economic Review},
  shortjournal = {American Economic Review},
  volume = {109},
  number = {8},
  pages = {2889--2920},
  issn = {0002-8282},
  doi = {10.1257/aer.20161574},
  url = {https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/10.1257/aer.20161574},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {We examine how the premature death of eminent life scientists alters the vitality of their fields. While the flow of articles by collaborators into affected fields decreases after the death of a star scientist, the flow of articles by non-collaborators increases markedly. This surge in contributions from outsiders draws upon a different scientific corpus and is disproportionately likely to be highly cited. While outsiders appear reluctant to challenge leadership within a field when the star is alive, the loss of a luminary provides an opportunity for fields to evolve in new directions that advance the frontier of knowledge. (JEL I23, O31, O33)},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/CMDSTBLC/Azoulay et al. - 2019 - Does Science Advance One Funeral at a Time.pdf}
}

@article{babichenko_communicationcomplexityapproximate_,
  title = {Communication Complexity of Approximate {{Nash}} Equilibria},
  author = {Babichenko, Yakov and Rubinstein, Aviad},
  abstract = {For a constant , we prove a polyN  lower bound on the (randomized) communication complexity of -Nash equilibrium in two-player N   N games. For n-player binary-action games we prove an expn lower bound for the (randomized) communication complexity of  , -weak approximate Nash equilibrium, which is a profile of mixed actions such that at least 1   -fraction of the players are -best replying.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Approximate Nash Equilibria,Computaitonal Complexity,Game Theory},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/76Z3XUIG/Babichenko and Rubinstein - Communication complexity of approximate Nash equil.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/GL5UCY7G/1-s2.0-S089982562030097X-main.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/LXBKJSCN/1-s2.0-S089982562030097X-main.pdf}
}

@book{bailey_designcomparativeexperiments_2008,
  title = {Design of Comparative Experiments},
  author = {Bailey, R.},
  date = {2008},
  series = {Cambridge Series on Statistical and Probabilistic Mathematics},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  location = {Cambridge ; New York},
  isbn = {978-0-521-86506-7 978-0-521-68357-9},
  langid = {english},
  pagetotal = {330},
  keywords = {Experimental design},
  annotation = {OCLC: ocn226279961},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/XRID7FQL/Bailey - 2008 - Design of comparative experiments.pdf}
}

@book{bancroft_whydoeshe_2003,
  title = {Why {{Does He Do That}}?},
  author = {Bancroft, Lundy},
  date = {2003},
  publisher = {Penguin Publishing Group},
  location = {S.I.},
  abstract = {In this groundbreaking bestseller, Lundy Bancroft?a counselor who specializes in working with abusive men?uses his knowledge about how abusers think to help women recognize when they are being controlled or devalued, and to find ways to get free of an abusive relationship. He says he loves you. So...why does he do that? You've asked yourself this question again and again. Now you have the chance to see inside the minds of angry and controlling men?and change your life. In Why Does He Do That? you will learn about: The early warning signs of abuse The nature of abusive thinking Myths about abusers Ten abusive personality types The role of drugs and alcohol What you can fix, and what you can't And how to get out of an abusive relationship safely "This is without a doubt the most informative and useful book yet written on the subject of abusive men. Women who are armed with the insights found in these pages will be on the road to recovering control of their lives."?Jay G. Silverman, Ph.D., Director, Violence Prevention Programs, Harvard School of Public Health},
  isbn = {978-1-101-22073-3},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {To Read},
  annotation = {OCLC: 1155178505},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/QMG5U9EU/Lundy_Why-does-he-do-that.pdf}
}

@article{bech_effectscodingdiscrete_2005,
  title = {Effects Coding in Discrete Choice Experiments},
  author = {Bech, Mickael and Gyrd-Hansen, Dorte},
  date = {2005-10},
  journaltitle = {Health Economics},
  shortjournal = {Health Econ.},
  volume = {14},
  number = {10},
  pages = {1079--1083},
  issn = {1057-9230, 1099-1050},
  doi = {10.1002/hec.984},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hec.984},
  urldate = {2023-05-09},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/5IP5S74M/Health Economics - 2005 - Bech - Effects coding in discrete choice experiments.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/QAFI9EZV/Health Economics - 2005 - Bech - Effects coding in discrete choice experiments.pdf}
}

@online{becomingcertifiedoperationagriculturalmarketing_,
  title = {Becoming a {{Certified Operation}} | {{Agricultural Marketing Service}}},
  url = {https://www.ams.usda.gov/services/organic-certification/becoming-certified},
  urldate = {2024-01-24},
  organization = {Agricultural Marketing Service | USDA},
  keywords = {Organic,Product Labelling},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/CR7PU8RP/ProcessorsGuide.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/ZPGVPNGB/Guide to Organic Certification.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/NH8CBH9F/becoming-certified.html}
}

@article{bellemare_paperhowestimating_,
  title = {The {{Paper}} of {{How}}: {{Estimating Treatment Effects Using}} the {{Front-Door Criterion}}},
  author = {Bellemare, Marc F and Bloem, Jeffrey R and Wexler, Noah},
  abstract = {We present the first application of Pearl’s (1995) front-door criterion to observational data wherein the required point-identification assumptions plausibly hold. For identification, the front-door criterion exploits exogenous mediator variables on the causal path. We estimate the effect of authorizing a shared Uber or Lyft ride on tipping by exploiting the plausibly exogenous variation in whether one actually shares a ride with a stranger conditional on authorizing sharing, on fare level, and on timeand-place fixed effects. We find that most of the observed negative effect on tipping is driven by selection. We then explore the consequences of violating the identification assumptions.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/79U37HCD/Bellemare et al. - The Paper of How Estimating Treatment Effects Usi.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/X5735U64/Bellemare et al. - The Paper of How Estimating Treatment Effects Usi.pdf}
}

@article{benson_spaceyrandomwalk_2017,
  title = {The {{Spacey Random Walk}}: {{A Stochastic Process}} for {{Higher-Order Data}}},
  shorttitle = {The {{Spacey Random Walk}}},
  author = {Benson, Austin R. and Gleich, David F. and Lim, Lek-Heng},
  date = {2017-01},
  journaltitle = {SIAM Review},
  shortjournal = {SIAM Rev.},
  volume = {59},
  number = {2},
  pages = {321--345},
  issn = {0036-1445, 1095-7200},
  doi = {10.1137/16M1074023},
  url = {https://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/16M1074023},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {Random walks are a fundamental model in applied mathematics and are a common example of a Markov chain. The limiting stationary distribution of the Markov chain represents the fraction of the time spent in each state during the stochastic process. A standard way to compute this distribution for a random walk on a finite set of states is to compute the Perron vector of the associated transition matrix. There are algebraic analogues of this Perron vector in terms of transition probability tensors of higher-order Markov chains. These vectors are nonnegative, have dimension equal to the dimension of the state space, and sum to one, and they are derived by making an algebraic substitution in the equation for the joint-stationary distribution of a higher-order Markov chain. Here, we present the spacey random walk, a non-Markovian stochastic process whose stationary distribution is given by the tensor eigenvector. The process itself is a vertex-reinforced random walk, and its discrete dynamics are related to a continuous dynamical system. We analyze the convergence properties of these dynamics and discuss numerical methods for computing the stationary distribution. Finally, we provide several applications of the spacey random walk model in population genetics, ranking, and clustering data, and we use the process to analyze New York taxi trajectory data. This example shows definite non-Markovian structure.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/LTBZS5LR/Benson et al. - 2017 - The Spacey Random Walk A Stochastic Process for H.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/UAVI3F2G/Benson et al. - 2017 - The Spacey Random Walk A Stochastic Process for H.pdf}
}

@article{bensoussan_meanfieldgames_2016,
  title = {Mean {{Field Games}} with a {{Dominating Player}}},
  author = {Bensoussan, A. and Chau, M. H. M. and Yam, S. C. P.},
  date = {2016-08},
  journaltitle = {Applied Mathematics \& Optimization},
  shortjournal = {Appl Math Optim},
  volume = {74},
  number = {1},
  pages = {91--128},
  issn = {0095-4616, 1432-0606},
  doi = {10.1007/s00245-015-9309-1},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00245-015-9309-1},
  urldate = {2023-06-18},
  abstract = {In this article, we consider mean field games between a dominating player and a group of representative agents, each of which acts similarly and also interacts with each other through a mean field term being substantially influenced by the dominating player. We first provide the general theory and discuss the necessary condition for the optimal controls and equilibrium condition by adopting adjoint equation approach. We then present a special case in the context of linear-quadratic framework, in which a necessary and sufficient condition can be asserted by stochastic maximum principle; we finally establish the sufficient condition that guarantees the unique existence of the equilibrium control. The proof of the convergence result of finite player game to mean field counterpart is provided in Appendix.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/NKKNGP4B/Bensoussan et al. - 2016 - Mean Field Games with a Dominating Player.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/QYF2CQIZ/Bensoussan et al. - 2016 - Mean Field Games with a Dominating Player.pdf}
}

@article{berman_wealthinequalityergodic_2021,
  title = {Wealth {{Inequality}} and the {{Ergodic Hypothesis}}: {{Evidence}} from the {{United States}}},
  shorttitle = {Wealth {{Inequality}} and the {{Ergodic Hypothesis}}},
  author = {Berman, Yonatan and Peters, Ole and Adamou, Alexander},
  date = {2021-08-20},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Income Distribution®},
  shortjournal = {JID},
  issn = {1874-6322, 0926-6437},
  doi = {10.25071/1874-6322.40455},
  url = {https://jid.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/jid/article/view/40455},
  urldate = {2023-06-19},
  abstract = {Many studies of wealth inequality make the ergodic hypothesis that rescaled wealth converges rapidly to a stationary distribution. Changes in distribution are expressed through changes in model parameters, reflecting shocks in economic conditions, with rapid equilibration thereafter. Here we test the ergodic hypothesis in an established model of wealth in a growing and reallocating economy. We fit model parameters to historical data from the United States. In recent decades, we find negative reallocation, from poorer to richer, for which no stationary distribution exists. When we find positive reallocation, convergence to the stationary distribution is slow. Our analysis does not support using the ergodic hypothesis in this model for these data. It suggests that inequality evolves because the distribution is inherently unstable on relevant timescales, regardless of shocks. Studies of other models and data, in which the ergodic hypothesis is made, would benefit from similar tests.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/Y62R92SB/Berman et al. - 2021 - Wealth Inequality and the Ergodic Hypothesis Evid.pdf}
}

@article{berry_differentiatedproductsdemand_,
  title = {Differentiated {{Products Demand Systems}} from a {{Combination}} of {{Micro}} and {{Macro Data}}: {{The New Car Market}}},
  author = {Berry, Steven and Levinsohn, James and Pakes, Ariel},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {To Process},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/R6GRTD84/Berry et al. - Diﬀerentiated Products Demand Systems from a Combi.pdf}
}

@article{berry_limittheoremsestimating_2004,
  title = {Limit {{Theorems}} for {{Estimating}} the {{Parameters}} of {{Differentiated Product Demand Systems}}},
  author = {Berry, Steve and Linton, Oliver B. and Pakes, Ariel},
  date = {2004-07},
  journaltitle = {Review of Economic Studies},
  shortjournal = {Rev Econ Studies},
  volume = {71},
  number = {3},
  pages = {613--654},
  issn = {0034-6527, 1467-937X},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1467-937X.2004.00298.x},
  url = {https://academic.oup.com/restud/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1467-937X.2004.00298.x},
  urldate = {2024-05-17},
  abstract = {We provide an asymptotic distribution theory for a class of Generalized Method of Moments estimators that arise in the study of differentiated product markets when the number of observations is associated with the number of products within a given market. We allow for three sources of error: sampling error in estimating market shares, simulation error in approximating the shares predicted by the model, and the underlying model error. It is shown that the estimators are CAN provided the size of the consumer sample and the number of simulation draws grow at a large enough rate relative to the number of products. We consider the implications of the results for Berry, Levinsohn, and Pakes’ (1995) random coefficient logit model and the pure characteristic model analyzed in Berry and Pakes (2002). The required rates differ for these two frequently used demand models. A small Monte Carlo study shows that the difference in asymptotic properties of the two models are reßected, in quite a striking way, in the models’ small sample properties. Moreover the limit distributions provide a good approximation to the actual monte carlo distribution of the parameter estimates. The results have important implications for the computational burden of the two models.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {To Process},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/47M5ZDF8/Berry et al. - 2004 - Limit Theorems for Estimating the Parameters of Di.pdf}
}

@article{berry_purecharacteristicsdemand_2007,
  title = {{{THE PURE CHARACTERISTICS DEMAND MODEL}}*},
  author = {Berry, Steven and Pakes, Ariel},
  date = {2007-11},
  journaltitle = {International Economic Review},
  shortjournal = {Int Economic Review},
  volume = {48},
  number = {4},
  pages = {1193--1225},
  issn = {0020-6598, 1468-2354},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2354.2007.00459.x},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2354.2007.00459.x},
  urldate = {2024-05-17},
  abstract = {In this article, we consider a class of discrete choice models in which consumers care about a finite set of product characteristics. These models have been used extensively in the theoretical literature on product differentiation and the goal of this article is to translate them into a form that is useful for empirical work. Most recent econometric applications of discrete choice models implicitly let the dimension of the characteristic space increase with the number of products (they have “tastes for products”). The two models have different theoretical properties, and these, in turn, can have quite pronounced implications for both substitution patterns and for the welfare impacts of changes in the number and characteristics of the goods marketed. After developing those properties, we provide alternative algorithms for estimating the parameters of the pure characteristic model and compare their properties to those of the algorithm for estimating the model with tastes for products. We conclude with a series of Monte Carlo results. These are designed to illustrate: (i) the computational properties of the alternative algorithms for computing the pure characteristic model, and (ii) the differences in the implications of the pure characteristic model from the models with tastes for products.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {To Process},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/LXTDQPBD/Berry and Pakes - 2007 - THE PURE CHARACTERISTICS DEMAND MODEL.pdf}
}

@article{bertrand_howmuchshould_,
  title = {How {{Much Should We Trust Differences-in-Differences Estimates}}?},
  author = {Bertrand, Marianne and Duflo, Esther and Mullainathan, Sendhil},
  abstract = {Most Difference-in-Difference (DD) papers rely on many years of data and focus on serially correlated outcomes. Yet almost all these papers ignore the bias in the estimated standard errors that serial correlation introduce4s. This is especially troubling because the independent variable of interest in DD estimation (e.g., the passage of law) is itself very serially correlated, which will exacerbate the bias in standard errors. To illustrate the severity of this issue, we randomly generate placebo laws in state-level data on female wages from the Current Population Survey. For each law, we use OLS to compute the DD estimate of its “effect” as well as the standard error for this estimate. The standard errors are severely biased: with about 20 years of data, DD estimation finds an “effect” significant at the 5\% level of up to 45\% of the placebo laws.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/836ARHK6/Bertrand et al. - How Much Should We Trust Differences-in-Difference.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/PRJVFVRV/Bertrand et al. - How Much Should We Trust Differences-in-Difference.pdf}
}

@article{bieganek_predictionclinicaltrial_2022,
  title = {Prediction of Clinical Trial Enrollment Rates},
  author = {Bieganek, Cameron and Aliferis, Constantin and Ma, Sisi},
  editor = {V E, Sathishkumar},
  date = {2022-02-24},
  journaltitle = {PLOS ONE},
  shortjournal = {PLoS ONE},
  volume = {17},
  number = {2},
  pages = {e0263193},
  issn = {1932-6203},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0263193},
  url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263193},
  urldate = {2023-05-02},
  abstract = {Clinical trials represent a critical milestone of translational and clinical sciences. However, poor recruitment to clinical trials has been a long standing problem affecting institutions all over the world. One way to reduce the cost incurred by insufficient enrollment is to minimize initiating trials that are most likely to fall short of their enrollment goal. Hence, the ability to predict which proposed trials will meet enrollment goals prior to the start of the trial is highly beneficial. In the current study, we leveraged a data set extracted from               ClinicalTrials.gov               that consists of 46,724 U.S. based clinical trials from 1990 to 2020. We constructed 4,636 candidate predictors based on data collected by               ClinicalTrials.gov               and external sources for enrollment rate prediction using various state-of-the-art machine learning methods. Taking advantage of a nested time series cross-validation design, our models resulted in good predictive performance that is generalizable to future data and stable over time. Moreover, information content analysis revealed the study design related features to be the most informative feature type regarding enrollment. Compared to the performance of models built with all features, the performance of models built with study design related features is only marginally worse (               AUC               = 0.78 ± 0.03 vs.               AUC               = 0.76 ± 0.02). The results presented can form the basis for data-driven decision support systems to assess whether proposed clinical trials would likely meet their enrollment goal.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {ClinicalTrials,Enrollment},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/EY66CWRM/Bieganek et al. - 2022 - Prediction of clinical trial enrollment rates.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/IMIATZY6/Bieganek et al. - 2022 - Prediction of clinical trial enrollment rates.pdf}
}

@book{bishop_patternrecognitionmachine_2006,
  title = {Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning},
  author = {Bishop, Christopher M.},
  date = {2006},
  series = {Information Science and Statistics},
  publisher = {Springer},
  location = {New York},
  isbn = {978-0-387-31073-2},
  langid = {english},
  pagetotal = {738},
  keywords = {Machine learning,Pattern perception},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/K2UVU2HU/Bishop - 2006 - Pattern recognition and machine learning.pdf}
}

@article{blevins_identificationestimationcontinuous_,
  title = {Identification and {{Estimation}} of {{Continuous Time Dynamic Discrete Choice Games}}},
  author = {Blevins, Jason R},
  abstract = {We consider the theoretical, computational, and econometric properties of a class of continuous time dynamic discrete choice games with stochastically sequential moves, recently introduced by Arcidiacono, Bayer, Blevins, and Ellickson (2016). We first establish existence of a Markov perfect equilibrium in a model with more general forms of heterogeneity across firms and states. Then we establish nonparametric identification when only discrete-time observations are available under slightly weaker conditions in the more general model with heterogeneity. Our conditions include cases where the overall decision rates may be unknown. We illustrate our results using three canonical models that provide the foundation for many applications in applied microeconomics: a single agent renewal model, a dynamic model of entry and exit, and a quality ladder model of oligopoly dynamics. Using these example models, we also examine the computational properties of the model and the statistical properties of estimators for the model through a series of small- and large-scale Monte Carlo experiments. Computing and estimating the model remains computationally tractable even in our largest experiment, which has over 58 million states, reflecting the large scale of empirical models with many heterogeneous firms.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/EDN4696K/Blevins - Identification and Estimation of Continuous Time D.pdf}
}

@article{bodenreider_usingsnomedct_,
  title = {Using {{SNOMED CT}} with the {{UMLS}}},
  author = {Bodenreider, Dr Olivier and Fung, Dr Kin Wah and Willis, Janice H},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/NKYGF5IQ/Bodenreider et al. - Using SNOMED CT with the UMLS.pdf}
}

@online{bombardelli_spaceoccupancylowearth_2020,
  title = {Space {{Occupancy}} in {{Low-Earth Orbit}}},
  author = {Bombardelli, Claudio and Falco, Gabriele and Amato, Davide and Rosengren, Aaron J.},
  date = {2020-12-16},
  eprint = {2012.09240},
  eprinttype = {arXiv},
  eprintclass = {astro-ph},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2012.09240},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {With the upcoming launch of large constellations of satellites in the low-Earth orbit (LEO) region it will become important to organize the physical space occupied by the different operating satellites in order to minimize critical conjunctions and avoid collisions. Here, we introduce the definition of space occupancy as the domain occupied by an individual satellite as it moves along its nominal orbit under the effects of environmental perturbations throughout a given interval of time. After showing that space occupancy for the zonal problem is intimately linked to the concept of frozen orbits and proper eccentricity, we provide frozen-orbit initial conditions in osculating element space and obtain the frozen-orbit polar equation to describe the space occupancy region in closed analytical form. We then analyze the problem of minimizing space occupancy in a realistic model including tesseral harmonics, third-body perturbations, solar radiation pressure, and drag. The corresponding initial conditions, leading to what we call minimum space occupancy (MiSO) orbits, are obtained numerically for a set of representative configurations in LEO. The implications for the use of MiSO orbits to optimize the design of mega-constellations are discussed.},
  langid = {english},
  pubstate = {prepublished},
  keywords = {Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics,Mathematics - Dynamical Systems,Orbit Managment,Orbital Mechanics,Orbits},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/YZV8BT6Y/Bombardelli et al. - 2020 - Space Occupancy in Low-Earth Orbit.pdf}
}

@book{box_timeseriesanalysis_2008,
  title = {Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control},
  shorttitle = {Time Series Analysis},
  author = {Box, George E. P. and Jenkins, Gwilym M. and Reinsel, Gregory C.},
  date = {2008},
  series = {Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics},
  edition = {4th ed},
  publisher = {John Wiley},
  location = {Hoboken, N.J},
  isbn = {978-0-470-27284-8},
  langid = {english},
  pagetotal = {746},
  keywords = {Feedback control systems,Mathematical models,Prediction theory,Time-series analysis,Transfer functions},
  annotation = {OCLC: ocn176895531},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/ZINHLYE7/Box et al. - 2008 - Time series analysis forecasting and control.pdf}
}

@article{bridges_conjointanalysisapplications_2011,
  title = {Conjoint {{Analysis Applications}} in {{Health}}—a {{Checklist}}: {{A Report}} of the {{ISPOR Good Research Practices}} for {{Conjoint Analysis Task Force}}},
  shorttitle = {Conjoint {{Analysis Applications}} in {{Health}}—a {{Checklist}}},
  author = {Bridges, John F.P. and Hauber, A. Brett and Marshall, Deborah and Lloyd, Andrew and Prosser, Lisa A. and Regier, Dean A. and Johnson, F. Reed and Mauskopf, Josephine},
  date = {2011-06},
  journaltitle = {Value in Health},
  shortjournal = {Value in Health},
  volume = {14},
  number = {4},
  pages = {403--413},
  issn = {10983015},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jval.2010.11.013},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1098301510000835},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {Background: The application of conjoint analysis (including discretechoice experiments and other multiattribute stated-preference methods) in health has increased rapidly over the past decade. A wider acceptance of these methods is limited by an absence of consensusbased methodological standards. Objective: The International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) Good Research Practices for Conjoint Analysis Task Force was established to identify good research practices for conjoint-analysis applications in health. Methods: The task force met regularly to identify the important steps in a conjoint analysis, to discuss good research practices for conjoint analysis, and to develop and refine the key criteria for identifying good research practices. ISPOR members contributed to this process through an extensive consultation process. A final consensus meeting was held to revise the article using these comments, and those of a number of international reviewers. Results: Task force findings are presented as a 10-item checklist covering: 1) research question; 2) attributes and levels; 3) construction of tasks; 4) experimental design; 5) preference elicitation; 6) instrument design; 7) datacollection plan; 8) statistical analyses; 9) results and conclusions; and 10) study presentation. A primary question relating to each of the 10 items is posed, and three sub-questions examine finer issues within items. Conclusions: Although the checklist should not be interpreted as endorsing any specific methodological approach to conjoint analysis, it can facilitate future training activities and discussions of good research practices for the application of conjoint-analysis methods in health care studies.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/EGUZCR8X/Bridges et al. - 2011 - Conjoint Analysis Applications in Health—a Checkli.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/QXKKDTB8/Bridges et al. - 2011 - Conjoint Analysis Applications in Health—a Checkli.pdf}
}

@online{brodkin_googleattinvest_2024,
  title = {Google and {{AT}}\&{{T}} Invest in {{Starlink}} Rival for Satellite-to-Smartphone Service},
  author = {Brodkin, Jon},
  date = {2024-01-22T17:53:58+00:00},
  url = {https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2024/01/google-and-att-invest-in-starlink-rival-for-satellite-to-smartphone-service/},
  urldate = {2024-02-02},
  abstract = {AST SpaceMobile gets \$206.5 million and is partnering with Google and AT\&T.},
  langid = {american},
  organization = {Ars Technica},
  keywords = {Orbital Development,Satellites},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/RZLZIVA2/google-and-att-invest-in-starlink-rival-for-satellite-to-smartphone-service.html}
}

@article{bu_doptimaldesignsmultinomial_2020,
  title = {D-Optimal Designs for Multinomial Logistic Models},
  author = {Bu, Xianwei and Majumdar, Dibyen and Yang, Jie},
  date = {2020-04-01},
  journaltitle = {The Annals of Statistics},
  shortjournal = {Ann. Statist.},
  volume = {48},
  number = {2},
  issn = {0090-5364},
  doi = {10.1214/19-AOS1834},
  url = {https://projecteuclid.org/journals/annals-of-statistics/volume-48/issue-2/D-optimal-designs-for-multinomial-logistic-models/10.1214/19-AOS1834.full},
  urldate = {2023-07-12},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/68QA5P7H/Bu et al. - 2020 - D-optimal designs for multinomial logistic models.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/NX7T9CRV/arxiv.org - D-optimal Designs for Multinomial Logistic Models.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/VCK3TGP9/Bu et al. - 2020 - D-optimal designs for multinomial logistic models.pdf}
}

@article{budish_firmsunderinvestlongterm_2015,
  title = {Do {{Firms Underinvest}} in {{Long-Term Research}}? {{Evidence}} from {{Cancer Clinical Trials}}},
  shorttitle = {Do {{Firms Underinvest}} in {{Long-Term Research}}?},
  author = {Budish, Eric and Roin, Benjamin N. and Williams, Heidi},
  date = {2015-07-01},
  journaltitle = {American Economic Review},
  shortjournal = {American Economic Review},
  volume = {105},
  number = {7},
  pages = {2044--2085},
  issn = {0002-8282},
  doi = {10.1257/aer.20131176},
  url = {https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/10.1257/aer.20131176},
  urldate = {2023-04-29},
  abstract = {We investigate whether private research investments are distorted away from long-term projects. Our theoretical model highlights two potential sources of this distortion: short-termism and the fixed patent term. Our empirical context is cancer research, where clinical trials—and hence, project durations—are shorter for late-stage cancer treatments relative to early-stage treatments or cancer prevention. Using newly constructed data, we document several sources of evidence that together show private research investments are distorted away from long-term projects. The value of life-years at stake appears large. We analyze three potential policy responses: surrogate (non-mortality) clinical-trial endpoints, targeted R\&D subsidies, and patent design. (JEL D92, G31, I11, L65, O31, O34)},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/CH65AXK5/Budish et al. - 2015 - Do Firms Underinvest in Long-Term Research Eviden.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/ECEFIDNV/Budish et al. - 2015 - Do Firms Underinvest in Long-Term Research Eviden.pdf}
}

@article{campbell_includingoptoutoptions_2019,
  title = {Including {{Opt-Out Options}} in {{Discrete Choice Experiments}}: {{Issues}} to {{Consider}}},
  shorttitle = {Including {{Opt-Out Options}} in {{Discrete Choice Experiments}}},
  author = {Campbell, Danny and Erdem, Seda},
  date = {2019-02},
  journaltitle = {The Patient - Patient-Centered Outcomes Research},
  shortjournal = {Patient},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--14},
  issn = {1178-1653, 1178-1661},
  doi = {10.1007/s40271-018-0324-6},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40271-018-0324-6},
  urldate = {2023-05-11},
  abstract = {Providing an opt-out alternative in discrete choice experiments can often be considered to be important for presenting reallife choice situations in different contexts, including health. However, insufficient attention has been given to how best to address choice behaviours relating to this opt-out alternative when modelling discrete choice experiments, particularly in health studies. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how to account for different opt-out effects in choice models. We aim to contribute to a better understanding of how to model opt-out choices and show the consequences of addressing the effects in an incorrect fashion. We present our code written in the R statistical language so that others can explore these issues in their own data. In this practical guideline, we generate synthetic data on medication choice and use Monte Carlo simulation. We consider three different definitions for the opt-out alternative and four candidate models for each definition. We apply a frequentist-based multimodel inference approach and use performance indicators to assess the relative suitability of each candidate model in a range of settings. We show that misspecifying the opt-out effect has repercussions for marginal willingness to pay estimation and the forecasting of market shares. Our findings also suggest a number of key recommendations for DCE practitioners interested in exploring these issues. There is no unique best way to analyse data collected from discrete choice experiments. Researchers should consider several models so that the relative support for different hypotheses of opt-out effects can be explored.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/475NHB63/40271_2018_324_MOESM1_ESM.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/D2N8F4JE/Campbell and Erdem - 2019 - Including Opt-Out Options in Discrete Choice Exper.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/QCH4HJVD/Campbell and Erdem - 2019 - Including Opt-Out Options in Discrete Choice Exper.pdf}
}

@incollection{capitello_understandingbehaviorbeer_2021,
  title = {Understanding the Behavior of Beer Consumers},
  booktitle = {Case {{Studies}} in the {{Beer Sector}}},
  author = {Capitello, Roberta and Todirica, Ioana Claudia},
  date = {2021},
  pages = {15--36},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-817734-1.00002-1},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780128177341000021},
  urldate = {2024-05-17},
  isbn = {978-0-12-817734-1},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Hops Project},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/HCQDDBAP/Capitello and Todirica - 2021 - Understanding the behavior of beer consumers.pdf}
}

@article{carter_applicationstochasticprocesses_2004,
  title = {Application of Stochastic Processes to Participant Recruitment in Clinical Trials},
  author = {Carter, Rickey Edward},
  date = {2004-10},
  journaltitle = {Controlled Clinical Trials},
  shortjournal = {Controlled Clinical Trials},
  volume = {25},
  number = {5},
  pages = {429--436},
  issn = {01972456},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cct.2004.07.002},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0197245604000522},
  urldate = {2023-04-27},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/UHSFPWF8/Carter - 2004 - Application of stochastic processes to participant.pdf}
}

@article{cassago_impacthoporigin_2023,
  title = {The Impact of Hop Origin Information on the Sensory and Hedonic Evaluation of Highly Involved Consumers of Craft Beer},
  author = {Cassago, Alvaro Luis Lamas and Artêncio, Mateus Manfrin and Contin, Daniele Ribeiro and De Souza, Beatriz Costa and Dias, Guilherme Silva and Neto, Leonardo Gobbo and Giraldi, Janaina De Moura Engracia and Da Costa, Fernando Batista},
  date = {2023-06-06},
  journaltitle = {International Journal of Wine Business Research},
  shortjournal = {IJWBR},
  issn = {1751-1062, 1751-1062},
  doi = {10.1108/IJWBR-02-2023-0010},
  url = {https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJWBR-02-2023-0010/full/html},
  urldate = {2024-05-18},
  abstract = {Purpose – This paper aims to explore the impact of the origin of hops on the sensory and hedonic evaluation of highly involved craft beer consumers. Design/methodology/approach – Data was collected through a between-subject tasting experiment, where the origin of hop was manipulated (imported vs locally grown). The craft beer samples used in the experiment were produced using hops of similar age but grown in two distinct places: USA (imported hop) and in the city of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, where the experiment was conducted (locally grown hop). The sensory and hedonic evaluations of highly involved craft beer consumers (n = 100) were collected after tasting the samples.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/Z9RMYFDK/Cassago et al. - 2023 - The impact of hop origin information on the sensor.pdf}
}

@misc{Census2020DECENNIALDP2020.DP1,
  title = {Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics},
  author = {Bureau, U.S. Census},
  howpublished = {U.S. Census Bureau},
  vintage = {2020},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/L2LUWAH7/DECENNIALDP2020.DP1-2024-08-07T214445.csv}
}

@article{cerda_endogenousinnovationspharmaceutical_2007,
  title = {Endogenous Innovations in the Pharmaceutical Industry},
  author = {Cerda, Rodrigo A.},
  date = {2007-06-27},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Evolutionary Economics},
  shortjournal = {J Evol Econ},
  volume = {17},
  number = {4},
  pages = {473--515},
  issn = {0936-9937, 1432-1386},
  doi = {10.1007/s00191-007-0059-3},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00191-007-0059-3},
  urldate = {2024-09-06},
  abstract = {This paper addresses the creation of new products in the US pharmaceutical sector, during the second half of the 20th century. We indicate that the continuous increases in population, and thus in the market size of this sector, play a fundamental role in explaining the large creation of new drugs during that period. We also argue that population and market size can be endogenously determined through the impact of drugs over the mortality rate. Hence, these two effects reinforce each other, producing decrements in the mortality rate and increments in the stock of drugs over time. We obtained the set of new molecular entities approved by the FDA during the second half of the 20th century and we decomposed the data in a panel of 15 therapeutic categories over time. Using this data, we tested our hypotheses using different econometric methods. The results support the hypothesis and are consistent across methods.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Instrumental Variables},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/7ZHN8LZ8/Cerda - 2007 - Endogenous innovations in the pharmaceutical industry.pdf}
}

@legislation{cfrpart205subpartdate_,
  title = {7 {{CFR Part}} 205 {{Subpart G}} (up to Date as of 5/18/2023) {{The National List}} of {{Allowed}} and {{Prohibited Substances}}},
  journaltitle = {7 B I M 205 G},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/CJVPYFKX/7 CFR Part 205 Subpart G (up to date as of 5-18-2023).pdf}
}

@article{chakraborty_generatingdiscreteanalogues_2015,
  title = {Generating Discrete Analogues of Continuous Probability Distributions-{{A}} Survey of Methods and Constructions},
  author = {Chakraborty, Subrata},
  date = {2015-12},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Statistical Distributions and Applications},
  shortjournal = {J Stat Distrib App},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {6},
  issn = {2195-5832},
  doi = {10.1186/s40488-015-0028-6},
  url = {http://www.jsdajournal.com/content/2/1/6},
  urldate = {2023-08-09},
  abstract = {In this paper a comprehensive survey of the different methods of generating discrete probability distributions as analogues of continuous probability distributions is presented along with their applications in construction of new discrete distributions. The methods are classified based on different criterion of discretization.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/4XP8V6F4/Chakraborty - 2015 - Generating discrete analogues of continuous probab.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/J9BFK7JN/Chakraborty - 2015 - Generating discrete analogues of continuous probab.pdf}
}

@article{chaubard_cs224ddeep_,
  title = {{{CS 224D}}: {{Deep Learning}} for {{NLP}}},
  author = {Chaubard, Francois and Mundra, Rohit and Socher, Richard},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/S3VWQBU7/Chaubard et al. - CS 224D Deep Learning for NLP.pdf}
}

@book{chaumont_exercisesprobabilityguided_2012,
  title = {Exercises in {{Probability}}: {{A Guided Tour}} from {{Measure Theory}} to {{Random Processes}}, via {{Conditioning}}},
  shorttitle = {Exercises in {{Probability}}},
  author = {Chaumont, Loïc and Yor, Marc},
  date = {2012-07-19},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  doi = {10.1017/CBO9781139135351},
  url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781139135351/type/book},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {Derived from extensive teaching experience in Paris, this second edition now includes over 100 exercises in probability. New exercises have been added to reflect important areas of current research in probability theory, including infinite divisibility of stochastic processes, past-future martingales and fluctuation theory. For each exercise the authors provide detailed solutions as well as references for preliminary and further reading. There are also many insightful notes to motivate the student and set the exercises in context. Students will find these exercises extremely useful for easing the transition between simple and complex probabilistic frameworks. Indeed, many of the exercises here will lead the student on to frontier research topics in probability. Along the way, attention is drawn to a number of traps into which students of probability often fall. This book is ideal for independent study or as the companion to a course in advanced probability theory.},
  isbn = {978-1-107-60655-5 978-1-139-13535-1},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/U777Q5VA/Chaumont and Yor - 2012 - Exercises in Probability A Guided Tour from Measu.pdf}
}

@article{chen_willingnesspayattributes_2020,
  title = {Willingness to {{Pay}} for {{Attributes}} of {{Biodegradable Plastic Mulches}} in the {{Agricultural Sector}}},
  author = {Chen, Kuan-Ju and Galinato, Suzette P. and Marsh, Thomas L. and Tozer, Peter R. and Chouinard, Hayley H.},
  date = {2020-06},
  journaltitle = {HortTechnology},
  shortjournal = {hortte},
  volume = {30},
  number = {3},
  pages = {437--447},
  issn = {1063-0198, 1943-7714},
  doi = {10.21273/HORTTECH04518-20},
  url = {https://journals.ashs.org/view/journals/horttech/30/3/article-p437.xml},
  urldate = {2023-06-09},
  abstract = {To mitigate the environmental harm associated with the disposal of polyethylene (PE) (plastic) mulches after use—incineration, dumping at landfills, tilling into the soil, and onsite stockpiling—biodegradable plastic mulches (BDMs) are proposed as an environmentally friendly alternative. These mulches are designed to degrade in the field, thereby reducing negative impacts. We conducted discrete choice experiments to evaluate willingness to pay (WTP) for BDM attributes using data collected from a survey of stakeholders in the agricultural sector (e.g., farmers, crop advisors, educators, and others) in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Results obtained using a mixed logit model show that respondents assign the greatest value to BDM attributes that provide a price premium opportunity for the product grown, improve soil health, or reduce field-borne residue, thereby enhancing sustainability. We found heterogeneity in preferences for the attributes of plastic residue and soil health: the cost of BDMs is more important to nonfarmers and noncrop advisors, whereas soil health is more of a concern for crop advisors. In addition, respondents who are less risk averse and less sensitive to cost are more willing to adopt BDMs. Results from this study have implications regarding the best ways to introduce and support sustainable practices as a part of green technology in the agricultural sector, particularly for new BDM products.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/7HARHD8B/Chen et al. - 2020 - Willingness to Pay for Attributes of Biodegradable.pdf}
}

@article{chow_doesenrollmentcancer_2013,
  title = {Does {{Enrollment}} in {{Cancer Trials Improve Survival}}?},
  author = {Chow, Christopher J. and Habermann, Elizabeth B. and Abraham, Anasooya and Zhu, Yanrong and Vickers, Selwyn M. and Rothenberger, David A. and Al-Refaie, Waddah B.},
  date = {2013-04},
  journaltitle = {Journal of the American College of Surgeons},
  volume = {216},
  number = {4},
  pages = {774--780},
  issn = {1072-7515},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2012.12.036},
  url = {https://journals.lww.com/00019464-201304000-00052},
  urldate = {2023-05-03},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Medical},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/JEGZMBN8/Chow et al. - 2013 - Does Enrollment in Cancer Trials Improve Survival.pdf}
}

@article{christensen_transparencyreproducibilitycredibility_2018,
  title = {Transparency, {{Reproducibility}}, and the {{Credibility}} of {{Economics Research}}},
  author = {Christensen, Garret and Miguel, Edward},
  date = {2018-09-01},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Economic Literature},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Economic Literature},
  volume = {56},
  number = {3},
  pages = {920--980},
  issn = {0022-0515},
  doi = {10.1257/jel.20171350},
  url = {https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/10.1257/jel.20171350},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {There is growing interest in enhancing research transparency and reproducibility in economics and other scientific fields. We survey existing work on these topics within economics and discuss the evidence suggesting that publication bias, inability to replicate, and specification searching remain widespread in the discipline. We next discuss recent progress in this area, including through improved research design, study registration and pre-analysis plans, disclosure standards, and open sharing of data and materials, drawing on experiences in both economics and other social sciences. We discuss areas where consensus is emerging on new practices, as well as approaches that remain controversial, and speculate about the most effective ways to make economics research more credible in the future. ( JEL A11, C18, I23)},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/MC3KKGZR/AlgorithmsForDecisionMaking_1657066506971_0.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/MI28CETN/Christensen and Miguel - 2018 - Transparency, Reproducibility, and the Credibility.pdf}
}

@article{chung_nondegeneratepenalizedlikelihood_2013,
  title = {A {{Nondegenerate Penalized Likelihood Estimator}} for {{Variance Parameters}} in {{Multilevel Models}}},
  author = {Chung, Yeojin and Rabe-Hesketh, Sophia and Dorie, Vincent and Gelman, Andrew and Liu, Jingchen},
  date = {2013-10},
  journaltitle = {Psychometrika},
  shortjournal = {Psychometrika},
  volume = {78},
  number = {4},
  pages = {685--709},
  issn = {0033-3123, 1860-0980},
  doi = {10.1007/s11336-013-9328-2},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11336-013-9328-2},
  urldate = {2023-04-21},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/LLQSDV3A/Chung et al. - 2013 - A Nondegenerate Penalized Likelihood Estimator for.pdf}
}

@article{cinelli_crashcoursegood_2020,
  title = {A {{Crash Course}} in {{Good}} and {{Bad Controls}}},
  author = {Cinelli, Carlos and Forney, Andrew and Pearl, Judea},
  date = {2020},
  journaltitle = {SSRN Electronic Journal},
  shortjournal = {SSRN Journal},
  issn = {1556-5068},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.3689437},
  url = {https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=3689437},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {Many students of statistics and econometrics express frustration with the way a problem known as “bad control” is treated in the traditional literature. The issue arises when the addition of a variable to a regression equation produces an unintended discrepancy between the regression coefficient and the effect that the coefficient is expected to represent. Avoiding such discrepancies presents a challenge to all analysts in the data intensive sciences. This note describes graphical tools for understanding, visualizing, and resolving the problem through a series of illustrative examples. We have found that the cases presented here can serve as a powerful instructional device to supplement more extended and formal discussions of the problem. By making this “crash course” accessible to instructors and practitioners, we hope to avail these tools to a broader community of scientists concerned with the causal interpretation of regression models.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Causality,Do Calculus},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/PVV77AQW/Cinelli et al. - 2020 - A Crash Course in Good and Bad Controls.pdf}
}

@online{clinicaltrialsgov_clinicaltrialsgovclinicaltrialsgov_,
  title = {About {{ClinicalTrials}}.Gov | {{ClinicalTrials}}.Gov},
  author = {{Clinical Trials Gov}},
  publisher = {CT},
  url = {https://clinicaltrials.gov/about-site/about-ctg},
  urldate = {2024-04-19},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/LL7IM8G5/about-ctg.html}
}

@online{clinicaltrialsgov_whyshouldregister_,
  title = {Why {{Should I Register}} and {{Submit Results}}? - {{ClinicalTrials}}.Gov},
  shorttitle = {Why {{Should I Register}} and {{Submit Results}}?},
  author = {{Clinical Trials Gov}},
  url = {https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/manage-recs/background},
  urldate = {2024-04-19},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {ClinicalTrials,FederalRegulations},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/69PRARU2/background.html}
}

@inproceedings{cloudcomputingoptionmodelingdebris_,
  title = {Cloud {{Computing Option}} for {{Modeling}} the {{Debris Environment}}},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/QNCP58FP/6131.pdf}
}

@article{cohen_catalogrisks_1979,
  title = {A {{Catalog}} of {{Risks}}:},
  shorttitle = {A {{Catalog}} of {{Risks}}},
  author = {Cohen, Bernard L. and Lee, I-Sing},
  date = {1979-06},
  journaltitle = {Health Physics},
  shortjournal = {Health Physics},
  volume = {36},
  number = {6},
  pages = {707--722},
  issn = {0017-9078},
  doi = {10.1097/00004032-197906000-00007},
  url = {http://journals.lww.com/00004032-197906000-00007},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  issue = {6},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/MKUFDH5A/Cohen and Lee - 1979 - A Catalog of Risks.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/N8E92VJL/Cohen and Lee - 1979 - A Catalog of Risks.pdf}
}

@article{coibion_strategicinteractionheterogeneous_,
  title = {{{STRATEGIC INTERACTION AMONG HETEROGENEOUS PRICE-SETTERS IN AN ESTIMATED DSGE MODEL}}},
  author = {Coibion, Olivier and Gorodnichenko, Yuriy},
  abstract = {We consider a DSGE model in which firms follow one of four price-setting regimes: sticky prices, sticky-information, rule-of-thumb, or full-information flexible prices. The parameters of the model, including the fractions of each type of firm, are estimated by matching the moments of the observed variables of the model to those found in the data. We find that sticky-price firms and sticky-information firms jointly account for over 80\% of firms in the model, with the rest largely accounted for by rule-of-thumb firms. We compare the performance of our hybrid model to pure sticky-price and sticky-information models along various dimensions, including monetary policy implications.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/FGI5HZWQ/Coibion and Gorodnichenko - STRATEGIC INTERACTION AMONG HETEROGENEOUS PRICE-SE.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/YLHU26MM/Coibion and Gorodnichenko - STRATEGIC INTERACTION AMONG HETEROGENEOUS PRICE-SE.pdf}
}

@article{colvin_costbenefitanalysis_,
  title = {Cost and {{Benefit Analysis}} of {{Orbital Debris Remediation}}},
  author = {Colvin, Thomas J and Karcz, John and Wusk, Grace and Besha, Patrick and Naasz, Bo},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/ZRFEG24D/Colvin et al. - Cost and Benefit Analysis of Orbital Debris Remedi.pdf}
}

@article{comaniciu_meanshiftrobust_2002,
  title = {Mean Shift: A Robust Approach toward Feature Space Analysis},
  shorttitle = {Mean Shift},
  author = {Comaniciu, D. and Meer, P.},
  date = {2002-05},
  journaltitle = {IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence},
  shortjournal = {IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell.},
  volume = {24},
  number = {5},
  pages = {603--619},
  issn = {01628828},
  doi = {10.1109/34.1000236},
  url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1000236/},
  urldate = {2024-06-19},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/ZEFXBY86/Comaniciu and Meer - 2002 - Mean shift a robust approach toward feature space.pdf}
}

@online{commissioner_drugdevelopmentprocess_2020,
  title = {The {{Drug Development Process}}},
  author = {family=Commissioner, given=Office, prefix=of the, useprefix=false},
  year = {Thu, 02/20/2020 - 17:28},
  publisher = {FDA},
  url = {https://www.fda.gov/patients/learn-about-drug-and-device-approvals/drug-development-process},
  urldate = {2024-11-05},
  abstract = {The Drug Development Process},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {FDA},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/GYKFHTIT/drug-development-process.html}
}

@article{commissioner_milestonesusfood_2023,
  title = {Milestones in {{U}}.{{S}}. {{Food}} and {{Drug Law}}},
  author = {family=Commissioner, given=Office, prefix=of the, useprefix=false},
  year = {Mon, 01/30/2023 - 11:14},
  journaltitle = {FDA},
  publisher = {FDA},
  url = {https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/fda-history/milestones-us-food-and-drug-law},
  urldate = {2024-11-14},
  abstract = {Displays important dates that contributed to the History of FDA},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {History FDA},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/FQ24Z5MC/milestones-us-food-and-drug-law.html}
}

@dataset{commissioner_nsde_2024,
  title = {{{NSDE}}},
  shorttitle = {{{NSDE Dataset}}},
  author = {{Commissioner}},
  year = {Mon, 08/05/2024 - 11:36},
  publisher = {FDA},
  url = {https://www.fda.gov/industry/structured-product-labeling-resources/nsde},
  urldate = {2024-11-14},
  abstract = {This web page is to provide for the NSDE file.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {DataSource},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/NKKL7S4Q/nsde.html}
}

@article{commissioner_part1906food_2019,
  title = {Part {{I}}: {{The}} 1906 {{Food}} and {{Drugs Act}} and {{Its Enforcement}}},
  shorttitle = {Part {{I}}},
  author = {family=Commissioner, given=Office, prefix=of the, useprefix=false},
  year = {Wed, 04/24/2019 - 13:50},
  journaltitle = {FDA},
  publisher = {FDA},
  url = {https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/changes-science-law-and-regulatory-authorities/part-i-1906-food-and-drugs-act-and-its-enforcement},
  urldate = {2024-11-14},
  abstract = {Continuing information on the History of FDA which includes the securing of the 1906 Food and Drugs Act.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {History FDA},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/GAZ5LNB8/part-i-1906-food-and-drugs-act-and-its-enforcement.html}
}

@article{commissioner_partii1938_2019,
  title = {Part {{II}}: 1938, {{Food}}, {{Drug}}, {{Cosmetic Act}}},
  shorttitle = {Part {{II}}},
  author = {family=Commissioner, given=Office, prefix=of the, useprefix=false},
  year = {Fri, 03/15/2019 - 16:25},
  journaltitle = {FDA},
  publisher = {FDA},
  url = {https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/changes-science-law-and-regulatory-authorities/part-ii-1938-food-drug-cosmetic-act},
  urldate = {2024-11-14},
  abstract = {Information about securing the 1938 Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {History FDA},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/H68VQ7US/part-ii-1938-food-drug-cosmetic-act.html}
}

@online{commissioner_understandingunapproveduse_2019,
  title = {Understanding {{Unapproved Use}} of {{Approved Drugs}} "{{Off Label}}"},
  author = {family=Commissioner, given=Office, prefix=of the, useprefix=false},
  year = {Thu, 04/18/2019 - 00:30},
  publisher = {FDA},
  url = {https://www.fda.gov/patients/learn-about-expanded-access-and-other-treatment-options/understanding-unapproved-use-approved-drugs-label},
  urldate = {2023-04-10},
  abstract = {Understanding Unapproved Use of Approved Drugs "Off Label"},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {FDA},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/VAKSGTAP/understanding-unapproved-use-approved-drugs-label.html}
}

@online{commissionwelcomespoliticalagreementlaunch_,
  type = {Text},
  title = {Commission Welcomes Political Agreement to Launch {{IRIS}}²},
  url = {https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_22_6952},
  urldate = {2023-02-21},
  abstract = {Commission welcomes political agreement to launch IRIS², the Union's Secure Connectivity Programme},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {European Commission - European Commission},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/NE4NZ3IF/Commission welcomes political agreement to launch .html}
}

@report{comprehensivestrategyspaceforce_,
  title = {Comprehensive {{Strategy}} for the {{Space Force}}},
  url = {https://www.spaceforce.mil/Portals/2/Documents/Space%20Policy/CRR-FY23-Comprehensive-Strategy-Space%20Force-15-Aug-23.pdf},
  urldate = {2024-04-01}
}

@article{cover_universalportfolios_1991,
  title = {Universal {{Portfolios}}},
  author = {Cover, Thomas M.},
  date = {1991-01},
  journaltitle = {Mathematical Finance},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--29},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/BPKAA27Z/paper93.pdf}
}

@article{crabbe_fastalgorithmsgenerate_2014,
  title = {Fast Algorithms to Generate Individualized Designs for the Mixed Logit Choice Model},
  author = {Crabbe, Marjolein and Akinc, Deniz and Vandebroek, Martina},
  date = {2014-02},
  journaltitle = {Transportation Research Part B: Methodological},
  shortjournal = {Transportation Research Part B: Methodological},
  volume = {60},
  pages = {1--15},
  issn = {01912615},
  doi = {10.1016/j.trb.2013.11.008},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0191261513002178},
  urldate = {2023-05-18},
  abstract = {The mixed logit choice model has become the common standard to analyze transport behavior. Moreover, more and more transport studies start to make use of stated preference data to obtain precise knowledge on travelers’ preferences. Accounting for the individual-specific coefficients in the mixed logit choice model, this research advocates an individualized design approach to generate these stated choice experiments. Individualized designs are sequentially generated for each person separately, using the answers from previous choice sets to select the next best set in a survey. In this way they are adapted to the specific preferences of an individual and therefore more efficient than an aggregate design. In order for individual sequential designs to be practicable, the speed of designing an additional choice set in an experiment is obviously a key issue. This paper introduces three design criteria used in optimal test design, based on Kullback–Leibler information, and compares them with the well known D-efficiency criterion to obtain individually adapted choice designs for the mixed logit choice model. Being equally efficient to D-efficiency and at the same time much faster, the Kullback–Leibler criteria are well suited for the design of individualized choice experiments.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/D37BR9HP/Crabbe et al. - 2014 - Fast algorithms to generate individualized designs.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/RIN744YS/Crabbe et al. - 2014 - Fast algorithms to generate individualized designs.pdf}
}

@article{croissant_estimationrandomutility_2020,
  title = {Estimation of {{Random Utility Models}} in {{{\mkbibemph{R}}}} : {{The}} {\textbf{Mlogit}} {{Package}}},
  shorttitle = {Estimation of {{Random Utility Models}} in {{{\mkbibemph{R}}}}},
  author = {Croissant, Yves},
  date = {2020},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Statistical Software},
  shortjournal = {J. Stat. Soft.},
  volume = {95},
  number = {11},
  issn = {1548-7660},
  doi = {10.18637/jss.v095.i11},
  url = {http://www.jstatsoft.org/v95/i11/},
  urldate = {2023-06-12},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/H6N5GN4S/mlogit-package_docs.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/KYEQ9C5U/Usage Documentation.pdf}
}

@dataset{ctti_aact_2022,
  title = {Aggregate {{Analysis}} of {{ClinicalTrials}}.Gov ({{AACT}}) {{Database}}},
  author = {{Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative (CTTI}},
  date = {2022},
  location = {https://aact.ctti-clinicaltrials.org}
}

@article{dablander_introductioncausalinference_,
  title = {An {{Introduction}} to {{Causal Inference}}},
  author = {Dablander, Fabian},
  abstract = {Causal inference goes beyond prediction by modeling the outcome of interventions and formalizing counterfactual reasoning. Instead of restricting causal conclusions to experiments, causal inference explicates the conditions under which it is possible to draw causal conclusions even from observational data. In this paper, I provide a concise introduction to the graphical approach to causal inference, which uses Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) to visualize, and Structural Causal Models (SCMs) to relate probabilistic and causal relationships. Successively, we climb what Judea Pearl calls the “causal hierarchy” — moving from association to intervention to counterfactuals. I explain how DAGs can help us reason about associations between variables as well as interventions; how the do-calculus leads to a satisfactory definition of confounding, thereby clarifying, among other things, Simpson’s paradox; and how SCMs enable us to reason about what could have been. Lastly, I discuss a number of challenges in applying causal inference in practice.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/9RUM6QEX/Dablander - An Introduction to Causal Inference.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/J8NWXDV3/Dablander - An Introduction to Causal Inference.pdf}
}

@article{daly_assuringfinitemoments_2012,
  title = {Assuring Finite Moments for Willingness to Pay in Random Coefficient Models},
  author = {Daly, Andrew and Hess, Stephane and Train, Kenneth},
  date = {2012-01},
  journaltitle = {Transportation},
  shortjournal = {Transportation},
  volume = {39},
  number = {1},
  pages = {19--31},
  issn = {0049-4488, 1572-9435},
  doi = {10.1007/s11116-011-9331-3},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11116-011-9331-3},
  urldate = {2024-05-22},
  abstract = {Random coefficient models such as mixed logit are increasingly being used to allow for random heterogeneity in willingness to pay (WTP) measures. In the most commonly used specifications, the distribution of WTP for an attribute is derived from the distribution of the ratio of individual coefficients. Since the cost coefficient enters the denominator, its distribution plays a major role in the distribution of WTP. Depending on the choice of distribution for the cost coefficient, and its implied range, the distribution of WTP may or may not have finite moments. In this paper, we identify a criterion to determine whether, with a given distribution for the cost coefficient, the distribution of WTP has finite moments. Using this criterion, we show that some popular distributions used for the cost coefficient in random coefficient models, including normal, truncated normal, uniform and triangular, imply infinite moments for the distribution of WTP, even if truncated or bounded at zero. We also point out that relying on simulation approaches to obtain moments of WTP from the estimated distribution of the cost and attribute coefficients can mask the issue by giving finite moments when the true ones are infinite.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/EMVNB5FN/Daly et al. - 2012 - Assuring finite moments for willingness to pay in .pdf}
}

@article{dambrosio_analysisleoorbital_,
  title = {{{ANALYSIS OF THE LEO ORBITAL CAPACITY VIA PROBABILISTIC EVOLUTIONARY MODEL}}},
  author = {D’Ambrosio, Andrea and Servadio, Simone and Siew, Peng Mun and Jang, Daniel and Lifson, Miles and Linares, Richard},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Orbital Mechanics,Satellites},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/8QLHGZ42/D’Ambrosio et al. - ANALYSIS OF THE LEO ORBITAL CAPACITY VIA PROBABILI.pdf}
}

@article{daraboina_segmentationorganicfood_2024,
  title = {Segmentation of Organic Food Consumers: {{A}} Revelation of Purchase Factors in Organic Food Markets},
  shorttitle = {Segmentation of Organic Food Consumers},
  author = {Daraboina, Rohini and Cooper, Orrin and Amini, Mehdi},
  date = {2024-05},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services},
  volume = {78},
  pages = {103710},
  issn = {09696989},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103710},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0969698924000067},
  urldate = {2024-05-18},
  abstract = {This paper examines consumer preferences and choice behavior in purchasing organic food products. Two studies investigate the role of organic food attributes in the consumer purchase decision and find the relative ranking of the attributes. Study I from 351 survey respondents in MTurk recognizes nine attributes for organic food purchase decisions. Study II surveys 298 MTurk participants to apply paired-choice analysis that reveals the relative preferences for attributes of organic food purchases on a ratio scale. Robustness and sensitivity analysis reveal the presence of a multi-segment organic food market. Segmentation analysis on the paired comparisons’ results and validation on the clusters reveals three consumer segments: health-conscious, quality-conscious, and value-conscious. Notably, switching from organic to traditional foods is most likely from the value-conscious segment, whereas loyal behavior towards retailers can be expected from quality-conscious consumers.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/TEUYW5EU/Daraboina et al. - 2024 - Segmentation of organic food consumers A revelati.pdf}
}

@article{de-magistris_consumerswillingnesspaysustainable_2016,
  title = {Consumers' Willingness-to-Pay for Sustainable Food Products: The Case of Organically and Locally Grown Almonds in {{Spain}}},
  shorttitle = {Consumers' Willingness-to-Pay for Sustainable Food Products},
  author = {family=Magistris, given=Tiziana, prefix=de-, useprefix=true and Gracia, Azucena},
  date = {2016-04},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Cleaner Production},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Cleaner Production},
  volume = {118},
  pages = {97--104},
  issn = {09596526},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.01.050},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959652616000858},
  urldate = {2023-07-06},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Latent Class Model,Organic,Product Labelling,Revealed Choice Experiment},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/QCZMTP3P/de-Magistris and Gracia - 2016 - Consumers' willingness-to-pay for sustainable food.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/XY4ZQFF5/de-Magistris and Gracia - 2016 - Consumers' willingness-to-pay for sustainable food.pdf}
}

@article{dean_dynamicoptimizationoptimal_,
  title = {Dynamic {{Optimization}} and {{Optimal Control}}},
  author = {Dean, Mark},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/LKDZUU3Z/Dean - Dynamic Optimization and Optimal Control.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/LRJLZBF4/Dean - Dynamic Optimization and Optimal Control.pdf}
}

@article{demarchi_timepreferencesfood_2016,
  title = {Time Preferences and Food Choices: {{Evidence}} from a Choice Experiment},
  shorttitle = {Time Preferences and Food Choices},
  author = {De Marchi, Elisa and Caputo, Vincenzina and Nayga, Rodolfo M. and Banterle, Alessandro},
  date = {2016-07},
  journaltitle = {Food Policy},
  shortjournal = {Food Policy},
  volume = {62},
  pages = {99--109},
  issn = {03069192},
  doi = {10.1016/j.foodpol.2016.05.004},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0306919216300288},
  urldate = {2023-06-08},
  abstract = {Time preferences have been recognized by numerous studies as an important driver of a number of healthy and environmentally-friendly behaviors. In this study, we first examined if healthy and environmentally-friendly food labels (e.g., USDA organic, carbon trust, health claim, and calories) are relevant in driving food choices. Second, using the Consideration of Future Consequences (CFC) scale we analyzed if individuals with different time preferences have different choice behavior and valuations in relation to these labels. Results indicate that consumers value both healthy and environmentallyfriendly attributes displayed on labels. Results also suggest that time preferences can significantly influence consumers’ valuation for the USDA organic label, the presence of health claims and the calorie amount attribute.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/PIWPHMXZ/De Marchi et al. - 2016 - Time preferences and food choices Evidence from a.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/Z9JY5FUV/De Marchi et al. - 2016 - Time preferences and food choices Evidence from a.pdf}
}

@article{demidenko_samplesizeoptimal_2008,
  title = {Sample Size and Optimal Design for Logistic Regression with Binary Interaction},
  author = {Demidenko, Eugene},
  date = {2008-01-15},
  journaltitle = {Statistics in Medicine},
  shortjournal = {Statist. Med.},
  volume = {27},
  number = {1},
  pages = {36--46},
  issn = {02776715, 10970258},
  doi = {10.1002/sim.2980},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sim.2980},
  urldate = {2023-02-23},
  abstract = {There is no consensus on what test to use as the basis for sample size determination and power analysis. Some authors advocate the Wald test and some the likelihood-ratio test. We argue that the Wald test should be used because the Z -score is commonly applied for regression coefficient significance testing and therefore the same statistic should be used in the power function. We correct a widespread mistake on sample size determination when the variance of the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) is estimated at null value. In our previous paper, we developed a correct sample size formula for logistic regression with single exposure (Statist. Med. 2007; 26(18):3385–3397). In the present paper, closed-form formulas are derived for interaction studies with binary exposure and covariate in logistic regression. The formula for the optimal control–case ratio is derived such that it maximizes the power function given other parameters. Our sample size and power calculations with interaction can be carried out online at www.dartmouth.edu/∼eugened. Copyright q 2007 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/VND532VI/Demidenko - 2008 - Sample size and optimal design for logistic regres.pdf}
}

@article{denardo_contractionmappingstheory_1967,
  title = {Contraction {{Mappings}} in the {{Theory Underlying Dynamic Programming}}},
  author = {Denardo, Eric V.},
  date = {1967-04},
  journaltitle = {SIAM Review},
  shortjournal = {SIAM Rev.},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {165--177},
  issn = {0036-1445, 1095-7200},
  doi = {10.1137/1009030},
  url = {http://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/1009030},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/CAS6YI4A/Denardo - 1967 - Contraction Mappings in the Theory Underlying Dyna.pdf}
}

@article{deng_bayesianmodelingprediction_2017,
  title = {Bayesian Modeling and Prediction of Accrual in Multi-Regional Clinical Trials},
  author = {Deng, Yi and Zhang, Xiaoxi and Long, Qi},
  date = {2017-04},
  journaltitle = {Statistical Methods in Medical Research},
  shortjournal = {Stat Methods Med Res},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {752--765},
  issn = {0962-2802, 1477-0334},
  doi = {10.1177/0962280214557581},
  url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0962280214557581},
  urldate = {2023-04-27},
  abstract = {In multi-regional trials, the underlying overall and region-specific accrual rates often do not hold constant over time and different regions could have different start-up times, which combined with initial jump in accrual within each region often leads to a discontinuous overall accrual rate, and these issues associated with multi-regional trials have not been adequately investigated. In this paper, we clarify the implication of the multi-regional nature on modeling and prediction of accrual in clinical trials and investigate a Bayesian approach for accrual modeling and prediction, which models region-specific accrual using a nonhomogeneous Poisson process and allows the underlying Poisson rate in each region to vary over time. The proposed approach can accommodate staggered start-up times and different initial accrual rates across regions/centers. Our numerical studies show that the proposed method improves accuracy and precision of accrual prediction compared to existing methods including the nonhomogeneous Poisson process model that does not model region-specific accrual.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/MN63YC4H/Deng et al. - 2017 - Bayesian modeling and prediction of accrual in mul.pdf}
}

@article{deng_generalizedaitsahaliatypeinterest_2019,
  title = {Generalized {{Ait-Sahalia-type}} Interest Rate Model with {{Poisson}} Jumps and Convergence of the Numerical Approximation},
  author = {Deng, Shounian and Fei, Chen and Fei, Weiyin and Mao, Xuerong},
  date = {2019-11},
  journaltitle = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
  shortjournal = {Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications},
  volume = {533},
  eprint = {1809.00091},
  eprinttype = {arXiv},
  eprintclass = {math},
  pages = {122057},
  issn = {03784371},
  doi = {10.1016/j.physa.2019.122057},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1809.00091},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {In this paper, we consider the generalized Ait-Sahaliz interest rate model with Poisson jumps in finance. The analytical properties including the positivity, boundedness and pathwise asymptotic estimations of the solution to the model are investigated. Moreover, we prove that the EulerMaruyama (EM) numerical solutions will converge to the true solution in probability. Finally, under assumption that the interest rate or the asset price is governed by this model, we apply the EM solutions to compute some financial quantities.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Mathematics - Numerical Analysis,Mathematics - Probability},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/6GLY9EHA/Deng et al. - 2019 - Generalized Ait-Sahalia-type interest rate model w.pdf}
}

@software{derivationmodel_,
  title = {Derivation of the Model},
  url = {https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/mlogit/vignettes/c5.mxl.html},
  urldate = {2023-05-08},
  abstract = {A mixed logit model or random parameters logit model is a logit model for which the parameters are assumed to vary from one individual to another. It is therefore a model that takes the heterogeneity of the population into account.}
}

@article{diamond_contingentvaluationnumber_1994,
  title = {Contingent {{Valuation}}: {{Is Some Number Better}} than {{No Number}}?},
  shorttitle = {Contingent {{Valuation}}},
  author = {Diamond, Peter A and Hausman, Jerry A},
  date = {1994-11-01},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {45--64},
  issn = {0895-3309},
  doi = {10.1257/jep.8.4.45},
  url = {https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/10.1257/jep.8.4.45},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {Without market outcomes for comparison, internal consistency tests, particularly adding-up tests, are needed for credibility. When tested, contingent valuation has failed. Proponents find surveys tested poorly done. To the authors’ knowledge, no survey has passed these tests. The ‘embedding effect’ is the similarity of willingness-to-pay responses that theory suggests (and sometimes requires) be different. This problem has long been recognized but not solved. The authors conclude that current methods are not suitable for damage assessment or benefit-cost analysis. They believe the problems come from an absence of preferences, not a flaw in survey methodology, making improvement unlikely.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/CRTQ6EEU/Diamond and Hausman - 1994 - Contingent Valuation Is Some Number Better than N.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/T39JWHVK/Diamond and Hausman - 1994 - Contingent Valuation Is Some Number Better than N.pdf}
}

@book{dillman_internetmailmixedmode_2009,
  title = {Internet, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method},
  shorttitle = {Internet, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys},
  author = {Dillman, Don A. and Smyth, Jolene D. and Christian, Leah Melani and Dillman, Don A.},
  date = {2009},
  edition = {3rd ed},
  publisher = {Wiley \& Sons},
  location = {Hoboken, N.J},
  isbn = {978-0-471-69868-5},
  pagetotal = {499},
  keywords = {Data Collection,Questionnaires,Social surveys},
  annotation = {OCLC: ocn239232250}
}

@article{dimasi_trendsrisksassociated_2010,
  title = {Trends in {{Risks Associated With New Drug Development}}: {{Success Rates}} for {{Investigational Drugs}}},
  shorttitle = {Trends in {{Risks Associated With New Drug Development}}},
  author = {DiMasi, J A and Feldman, L and Seckler, A and Wilson, A},
  date = {2010-03},
  journaltitle = {Clinical Pharmacology \& Therapeutics},
  shortjournal = {Clin Pharmacol Ther},
  volume = {87},
  number = {3},
  pages = {272--277},
  issn = {0009-9236, 1532-6535},
  doi = {10.1038/clpt.2009.295},
  url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1038/clpt.2009.295},
  urldate = {2024-09-04},
  keywords = {To Read},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/H8WG9QXM/DiMasi et al. - 2010 - Trends in Risks Associated With New Drug Development Success Rates for Investigational Drugs.pdf}
}

@article{dimasi_valueimprovingproductivity_2002,
  title = {The {{Value}} of {{Improving}} the {{Productivity}} of the {{Drug Development Process}}: {{Faster Times}} and {{Better Decisions}}},
  shorttitle = {The {{Value}} of {{Improving}} the {{Productivity}} of the {{Drug Development Process}}},
  author = {DiMasi, Joseph A.},
  date = {2002},
  journaltitle = {PharmacoEconomics},
  shortjournal = {PharmacoEconomics},
  volume = {20},
  pages = {1--10},
  issn = {1170-7690},
  doi = {10.2165/00019053-200220003-00001},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/10.2165/00019053-200220003-00001},
  urldate = {2024-10-11},
  issue = {Supplement 3},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/A58VSSFF/00019053-200220003-00001.pdf}
}

@misc{disclosureavoidance2020censushow_,
  title = {Disclosure {{Avoidance}} and the 2020 {{Census}}: {{How}} the {{TopDown Algorithm Works}}},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/L5BDF89C/Disclosure Avoidance and the 2020 Census How the .pdf}
}

@misc{doddirective310010spacepolicy_2022,
  title = {{{DOD Directive}} 3100.10 {{Space Policy}}},
  date = {2022-08-30},
  organization = {Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/FRXTCAAI/DoDD 3100_10p - Space Policy.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/IY2ZTUBV/310010p.pdf}
}

@article{donaldson_viewapplicationssatellite_2016,
  title = {The {{View}} from {{Above}}: {{Applications}} of {{Satellite Data}} in {{Economics}}},
  shorttitle = {The {{View}} from {{Above}}},
  author = {Donaldson, Dave and Storeygard, Adam},
  date = {2016-11-01},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
  volume = {30},
  number = {4},
  pages = {171--198},
  issn = {0895-3309},
  doi = {10.1257/jep.30.4.171},
  url = {https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/10.1257/jep.30.4.171},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {The past decade or so has seen a dramatic change in the way that economists can learn by watching our planet from above. A revolution has taken place in remote sensing and allied fields such as computer science, engineering, and geography. Petabytes of satellite imagery have become publicly accessible at increasing resolution, many algorithms for extracting meaningful social science information from these images are now routine, and modern cloud-based processing power allows these algorithms to be run at global scale. This paper seeks to introduce economists to the science of remotely sensed data, and to give a flavor of how this new source of data has been used by economists so far and what might be done in the future.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Satellite Data},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/8UZN7ZV5/Donaldson and Storeygard - 2016 - The View from Above Applications of Satellite Dat.pdf}
}

@article{downing_clinicaltrialevidence_2014,
  title = {Clinical {{Trial Evidence Supporting FDA Approval}} of {{Novel Therapeutic Agents}}, 2005-2012},
  author = {Downing, Nicholas S. and Aminawung, Jenerius A. and Shah, Nilay D. and Krumholz, Harlan M. and Ross, Joseph S.},
  date = {2014-01-22},
  journaltitle = {JAMA},
  shortjournal = {JAMA},
  volume = {311},
  number = {4},
  pages = {368},
  issn = {0098-7484},
  doi = {10.1001/jama.2013.282034},
  url = {http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2013.282034},
  urldate = {2023-05-03},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/BIF9BFB2/Downing et al. - 2014 - Clinical Trial Evidence Supporting FDA Approval of.pdf}
}

@article{dranove_doesconsumerdemand_2022,
  title = {Does Consumer Demand Pull Scientifically Novel Drug Innovation?},
  author = {Dranove, David and Garthwaite, Craig and Hermosilla, Manuel},
  date = {2022-09},
  journaltitle = {The RAND Journal of Economics},
  shortjournal = {The RAND J of Economics},
  volume = {53},
  number = {3},
  pages = {590--638},
  issn = {0741-6261, 1756-2171},
  doi = {10.1111/1756-2171.12422},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1756-2171.12422},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {Prior literature shows that stronger consumer demand leads to increased pharmaceutical R\&D. However, how strong these “demand-pull” effects are for more scientifically novel drug innovation remains unknown. We address this question using comprehensive clinical trial data that include precise characterizations of the scientific approaches used in tested molecules. We characterize scientific novelty as the number of times each approach has been used in the past. Exploiting exogenous demand variation introduced by the introduction of Medicare Part D, we find strong evidence that demand-pull effects are markedly skewed in favor of non-novel or “follow-on” drug R\&D.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/TKAM758Q/The RAND J of Economics - 2022 - Dranove - Does consumer demand pull scientifically novel drug innovation.pdf}
}

@online{drugdevelopmentfailurehowglp1_,
  title = {Drug {{Development Failure}}: How {{GLP-1}} Development Was Abandoned in 1990 | {{Hacker News}}},
  url = {https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41402418},
  urldate = {2024-09-18},
  keywords = {To Process},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/ID8UNMA4/item.html}
}

@article{dubois_marketsizepharmaceutical_2015,
  title = {Market Size and Pharmaceutical Innovation},
  author = {Dubois, Pierre and De Mouzon, Olivier and Scott‐Morton, Fiona and Seabright, Paul},
  date = {2015-10},
  journaltitle = {The RAND Journal of Economics},
  shortjournal = {The RAND J of Economics},
  volume = {46},
  number = {4},
  pages = {844--871},
  issn = {0741-6261, 1756-2171},
  doi = {10.1111/1756-2171.12113},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1756-2171.12113},
  urldate = {2024-09-06},
  abstract = {This article quantifies the relationship between market size and innovation in the pharmaceutical industry using improved, and newer, methods and data. We find significant elasticities of innovation to expected market size with a point estimate under our preferred specification of 0.23. This suggests that, on average,               \$               2.5 billion is required in additional revenue to support the invention of one new chemical entity. This magnitude is plausible given recent accounting estimates of the cost of innovation of               \$               800 million to               \$               1 billion per drug, and marginal costs of manufacture and distribution near 50\%.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {To Process},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/IG37VET3/The RAND J of Economics - 2015 - Dubois - Market size and pharmaceutical innovation.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/PH5VBVAW/Dubois et al. - 2015 - Market size and pharmaceutical innovation.pdf}
}

@article{dulleck_doctorsmechanicscomputer_2006,
  title = {On {{Doctors}}, {{Mechanics}}, and {{Computer Specialists}}: {{The Economics}} of {{Credence Goods}}},
  shorttitle = {On {{Doctors}}, {{Mechanics}}, and {{Computer Specialists}}},
  author = {Dulleck, Uwe and Kerschbamer, Rudolf},
  date = {2006-02-01},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Economic Literature},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Economic Literature},
  volume = {44},
  number = {1},
  pages = {5--42},
  issn = {0022-0515},
  doi = {10.1257/002205106776162717},
  url = {https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/10.1257/002205106776162717},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {Most of us need the services of an expert when our apartment's heating or our washing machine breaks down, or when our car starts to make strange noises. And for most of us, commissioning an expert to solve the problem causes concern. This concern does not disappear even after repair and payment of the bill. On the contrary, one worries about paying for a service that was not provided or receiving some unnecessary treatment. This article studies the economics underlying these worries. Under which conditions do experts have an incentive to exploit the informational problems associated with markets for diagnosis and treatment? What types of fraud exist? What are the methods and institutions for dealing with these informational problems? Under which conditions does the market provide incentives to deter fraudulent behavior? And what happens if all or some of those conditions are violated?},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/3EUMIK4F/Dulleck and Kerschbamer - 2006 - On Doctors, Mechanics, and Computer Specialists T.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/QD6I33SA/Dulleck and Kerschbamer - 2006 - On Doctors, Mechanics, and Computer Specialists T.pdf}
}

@online{ebli_simplicialneuralnetworks_2020,
  title = {Simplicial {{Neural Networks}}},
  author = {Ebli, Stefania and Defferrard, Michaël and Spreemann, Gard},
  date = {2020-12-28},
  eprint = {2010.03633},
  eprinttype = {arXiv},
  eprintclass = {cs, math, stat},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.03633},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {We present simplicial neural networks (SNNs), a generalization of graph neural networks to data that live on a class of topological spaces called simplicial complexes. These are natural multi-dimensional extensions of graphs that encode not only pairwise relationships but also higher-order interactions between vertices—allowing us to consider richer data, including vector fields and n-fold collaboration networks. We define an appropriate notion of convolution that we leverage to construct the desired convolutional neural networks. We test the SNNs on the task of imputing missing data on coauthorship complexes. Code and data are available at https://github.com/stefaniaebli/simplicial\_neural\_networks.},
  langid = {english},
  pubstate = {prepublished},
  keywords = {Computer Science - Machine Learning,Mathematics - Algebraic Topology,Statistics - Machine Learning},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/5PI4MSN8/Ebli et al. - 2020 - Simplicial Neural Networks.pdf}
}

@article{edelberg_financialcrisisinquiry_2024,
  title = {The {{Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission}} and {{Economic Research}}},
  author = {Edelberg, Wendy and Feldberg, Greg},
  date = {2024-05-01},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
  volume = {38},
  number = {2},
  pages = {43--62},
  issn = {0895-3309},
  doi = {10.1257/jep.38.2.43},
  url = {https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/10.1257/jep.38.2.43},
  urldate = {2024-05-25},
  abstract = {Researchers and economic research were essential to the success of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission. For example, researchers submitted testimony, briefed commissioners, and spoke with our staff in recorded interviews. They also provided access to key data sources and helped us use them. Although we started our investigation barely one year after the height of the crisis, there was already a strong core of early, empirical research grappling with many of our key questions, such as why investors ran certain markets, why incentive problems pervaded securitization markets, and why risk management failed at so many large companies. We also benefited from the wealth of research exploring developments in financial markets leading up to the crisis. The process to build the research staff on a tight deadline was chaotic, and we needed people willing to work long hours, work on a team, and follow the evidence wherever it took us.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/Q58J8VSR/Edelberg and Feldberg - 2024 - The Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission and Econom.pdf}
}

@article{ellison_ends27big_2024,
  title = {The {{Ends}} of 27 {{Big Depressions}}},
  author = {Ellison, Martin and Lee, Sang Seok and O’Rourke, Kevin Hjortshøj},
  date = {2024-01-01},
  journaltitle = {American Economic Review},
  shortjournal = {American Economic Review},
  volume = {114},
  number = {1},
  pages = {134--168},
  issn = {0002-8282},
  doi = {10.1257/aer.20221479},
  url = {https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/10.1257/aer.20221479},
  urldate = {2024-01-02},
  abstract = {How did countries recover from the Great Depression? In this paper, we explore the argument that leaving the gold standard helped by boosting inflationary expectations, lowering real interest rates, and stimulating interest-sensitive expenditures. We do so for a sample of 27 countries, using modern nowcasting methods and a new data-set containing more than 230,000 monthly and quarterly observations for over 1,500 variables. In those cases where the departure from gold happened on well-defined dates, inflationary expectations clearly rose in the wake of departure. Instrumental variable, difference-in-difference, and synthetic matching techniques suggest that the relationship is causal. (JEL E31, E32, E42, E43, F30, N10, N20)},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/78528CUP/Ellison et al. - 2024 - The Ends of 27 Big Depressions.pdf}
}

@article{enders_arerepublicansconservatives_2022,
  title = {Are {{Republicans}} and {{Conservatives More Likely}} to {{Believe Conspiracy Theories}}?},
  author = {Enders, Adam and Farhart, Christina and Miller, Joanne and Uscinski, Joseph and Saunders, Kyle and Drochon, Hugo},
  date = {2022-07-22},
  journaltitle = {Political Behavior},
  shortjournal = {Polit Behav},
  issn = {0190-9320, 1573-6687},
  doi = {10.1007/s11109-022-09812-3},
  url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11109-022-09812-3},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {A sizable literature tracing back to Richard Hofstadter’s The Paranoid Style (1964) argues that Republicans and conservatives are more likely to believe conspiracy theories than Democrats and liberals. However, the evidence for this proposition is mixed. Since conspiracy theory beliefs are associated with dangerous orientations and behaviors, it is imperative that social scientists better understand the connection between conspiracy theories and political orientations. Employing 20 surveys of Americans from 2012 to 2021 (total n\,=\,37,776), as well as surveys of 20 additional countries spanning six continents (total n\,=\,26,416), we undertake an expansive investigation of the asymmetry thesis. First, we examine the relationship between beliefs in 52 conspiracy theories and both partisanship and ideology in the U.S.; this analysis is buttressed by an examination of beliefs in 11 conspiracy theories across 20 more countries. In our second test, we hold constant the content of the conspiracy theories investigated—manipulating only the partisanship of the theorized villains—to decipher whether those on the left or right are more likely to accuse political outgroups of conspiring. Finally, we inspect correlations between political orientations and the general predisposition to believe in conspiracy theories over the span of a decade. In no instance do we observe systematic evidence of a political asymmetry. Instead, the strength and direction of the relationship between political orientations and conspiricism is dependent on the characteristics of the specific conspiracy beliefs employed by researchers and the socio-political context in which those ideas are considered.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/GGDAXGBD/Enders et al. - 2022 - Are Republicans and Conservatives More Likely to B.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/GNQGLFKK/Enders et al. - 2022 - Are Republicans and Conservatives More Likely to B.pdf}
}

@article{erickson_experimentalcomponentindex_,
  title = {An {{Experimental Component Index}} for the {{CPI}}: {{From Annual Computer Data}} to {{Monthly Data}} on {{Other Goods}}.},
  author = {Erickson, Timothy},
  abstract = {The CPI component indices are obtained from comparing price quotes at a given store in different periods. If we omit comparisons from goods in the store in the initial, but not in the comparison, period we generate a selection bias: goods that exit are disproportionately obsolete goods that have falling prices. Building on Pakes (2003), we explain why standard hedonic predictions for second-period prices of exiting goods do not account for this bias. New hedonic methods are derived, shown to have desirable properties, and applied to three CPI samples where they generate significant selection corrections.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {To Process},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/MW35YV3M/Erickson - An Experimental Component Index for the CPI From .pdf}
}

@article{estimationdynamicdiscretechoicemodels_2021,
  title = {Estimation of {{Dynamic Discrete Choice Models}} in {{Continuous Time}} with an {{Application}} to {{Retail Competition}}},
  date = {2021},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/CDT4NKSY/2021 - Estimation of Dynamic Discrete Choice Models in Co.pdf}
}

@article{ewald_utilitybasedpricing_2008,
  title = {Utility Based Pricing and Exercising of Real Options under Geometric Mean Reversion and Risk Aversion toward Idiosyncratic Risk},
  author = {Ewald, Christian-Oliver and Yang, Zhaojun},
  date = {2008-08},
  journaltitle = {Mathematical Methods of Operations Research},
  shortjournal = {Math Meth Oper Res},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  pages = {97--123},
  issn = {1432-2994, 1432-5217},
  doi = {10.1007/s00186-007-0190-9},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00186-007-0190-9},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {We study the classical real option problem in which an agent faces the decision if and when to invest optimally into a project. The investment is assumed to be irreversible. This problem has been studied by Myers and Majd (Adv Futures Options Res 4:1–21, 1990) for the case of a complete market, in which the risk can be perfectly hedged with an appropriate spanning asset, by McDonald and Siegel (Q J Econ, 101:707–727, 1986), who include the incomplete case but assume that the agent is risk neutral toward idiosyncratic risk, and later by Henderson (Valuing the option to invest in an incomplete market, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm? abstract\_id=569865, 2006) who studies the incomplete case with risk aversion toward idiosyncratic risk under the assumption that the project value follows a geometric Brownian motion. We take up Henderson’s utility based approach but assume as suggested by Dixit and Pindyck (Investment under uncertainty, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1994) as well as others, that the project value follows a geometric mean reverting process. The mean reverting structure of the project value process makes our model richer and economically more meaningful. By using techniques from optimal control theory we derive analytic expressions for the value and the optimal exercise time of the option to invest.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/FEPEMD5N/Ewald and Yang - 2008 - Utility based pricing and exercising of real optio.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/KJ2P83H5/Ewald and Yang - 2008 - Utility based pricing and exercising of real optio.pdf}
}

@article{fairvalueaccountingfederalcreditprograms_2012,
  title = {Fair-{{Value Accounting}} for {{Federal Credit Programs}}},
  date = {2012},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/AYK9CBTG/2012 - Fair-Value Accounting for Federal Credit Programs.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/NT4VCS7Z/2012 - Fair-Value Accounting for Federal Credit Programs.pdf}
}

@article{fan_somewhatpracticalfully_,
  title = {Somewhat {{Practical Fully Homomorphic Encryption}}},
  author = {Fan, Junfeng and Vercauteren, Frederik},
  abstract = {In this paper we port Brakerski’s fully homomorphic scheme based on the Learning With Errors (LWE) problem to the ring-LWE setting. We introduce two optimised versions of relinearisation that not only result in a smaller relinearisation key, but also faster computations. We provide a detailed, but simple analysis of the various homomorphic operations, such as multiplication, relinearisation and bootstrapping, and derive tight worst case bounds on the noise caused by these operations. The analysis of the bootstrapping step is greatly simplified by using a modulus switching trick. Finally, we derive concrete parameters for which the scheme provides a given level of security and becomes fully homomorphic.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/GV7RKI5F/Fan and Vercauteren - Somewhat Practical Fully Homomorphic Encryption.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/ZNZN9KQE/Fan and Vercauteren - Somewhat Practical Fully Homomorphic Encryption.pdf}
}

@legislation{federalregister_clinicaltrialsregistration_2016,
  title = {Clinical {{Trials Registration}} and {{Results Information Submission}}},
  author = {{Federal Register}},
  date = {2016-09-21},
  journaltitle = {81 FR 64982},
  pages = {64982},
  publisher = {81FR},
  url = {https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2016/09/21/2016-22129/clinical-trials-registration-and-results-information-submission},
  urldate = {2024-04-19},
  abstract = {This final rule details the requirements for submitting registration and summary results information, including adverse event information, for specified clinical trials of drug products (including biological products) and device products and for pediatric postmarket surveillances of a device...},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {FederalRegulations},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/R6RRX2MV/clinical-trials-registration-and-results-information-submission.html}
}

@article{fedorov_optimalexperimentaldesign_2010,
  title = {Optimal Experimental Design: {{Optimal}} Experimental Design},
  shorttitle = {Optimal Experimental Design},
  author = {Fedorov, Valerii},
  date = {2010-09},
  journaltitle = {Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics},
  shortjournal = {WIREs Comp Stat},
  volume = {2},
  number = {5},
  pages = {581--589},
  issn = {19395108},
  doi = {10.1002/wics.100},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wics.100},
  urldate = {2023-08-17},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/UF6X74GY/Fedorov - 2010 - Optimal experimental design Optimal experimental .pdf}
}

@article{fernandes_factorutilizationindian_,
  title = {Factor {{Utilization}} in {{Indian Manufacturing}}: {{A Look}} at the {{World Bank Investment Climate Surveys Data}}∗ ({{Preliminary}} and {{Incomplete}})},
  author = {Fernandes, Ana M and Pakes, Ariel},
  abstract = {We use the World Bank Investment Climate Surveys data to analyze the employment of both labor and capital in Indian manufacturing. We focus on disparities among states in manufacturing employment patterns, and provide reduced form evidence of their relationship to both (i) institutional constraints, and (ii) productivity.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {To Process},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/IGLJYZFC/Fernandes and Pakes - Factor Utilization in Indian Manufacturing A Look.pdf}
}

@online{filesystemhierarchystandard_,
  title = {Filesystem {{Hierarchy Standard}}},
  url = {https://www.pathname.com/fhs/pub/fhs-2.3.html},
  urldate = {2024-08-31},
  keywords = {Linux,SystemAdmin},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/639HR43L/fhs-2.3.html}
}

@book{flajolet_analyticcombinatorics_2009,
  title = {Analytic Combinatorics},
  author = {Flajolet, Philippe and Sedgewick, Robert},
  date = {2009},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  location = {Cambridge ; New York},
  isbn = {978-0-521-89806-5},
  langid = {english},
  pagetotal = {810},
  keywords = {Combinatieleer,Combinatorial analysis},
  annotation = {OCLC: ocn244767782},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/M3DL9TYT/AC.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/V549PXUM/AC.pdf}
}

@article{flier_drugdevelopmentfailure_2024,
  title = {Drug {{Development Failure}}: How {{GLP-1}} Development Was Abandoned in 1990},
  shorttitle = {Drug {{Development Failure}}},
  author = {Flier, Jeffrey},
  date = {2024-08},
  journaltitle = {Perspectives in Biology and Medicine},
  shortjournal = {pbm},
  issn = {1529-8795},
  doi = {10.1353/pbm.0.a936036},
  url = {https://muse.jhu.edu/article/936036},
  urldate = {2024-08-30},
  abstract = {Many factors determine whether and when a class of therapeutic  agents will be successfully developed and brought to market, and historians of science,  entrepreneurs, drug developers, and clinicians should be interested in accounts of both  successes and failures. Successes induce many participants and observers to document  them, whereas failed efforts are often lost to history, in part because involved parties are  typically unmotivated to document their failures. The GLP-1 class of drugs for diabetes  and obesity have emerged over the past decade as clinical and financial blockbusters,  perhaps soon becoming the highest single source of revenue for the pharmaceutical  industry (Berk 2023). In that context, it is instructive to tell the story of the first commercial effort to develop this class of drugs for metabolic disease, and how, despite  remarkable early success, the work was abandoned in 1990. Told by a key participant  in the effort, this story documents history that would otherwise be lost and suggests a  number of lessons about drug development that remain relevant today.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/27RH8CJ6/Flier - 2024 - Drug Development Failure how GLP-1 development was abandoned in 1990.pdf}
}

@article{ford_usecanonicalform_1992,
  title = {The {{Use}} of a {{Canonical Form}} in the {{Construction}} of {{Locally Optimal Designs}} for {{Non-Linear Problems}}},
  author = {Ford, I. and Torsney, B. and Wu, C. F. J.},
  date = {1992-01},
  journaltitle = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological)},
  shortjournal = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological)},
  volume = {54},
  number = {2},
  pages = {569--583},
  issn = {00359246},
  doi = {10.1111/j.2517-6161.1992.tb01897.x},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1992.tb01897.x},
  urldate = {2023-02-23},
  abstract = {Optimal experimental designs for non-linear problems depend on the values of the underlying unknown parameters in the model. For various reasons there is interest in providing explicit formulae for the optimal designs as a function of the unknown parameters. This paper shows that, for a certain class of generalized linear models, the problem can be reduced to a canonical form. This simplifies the underlying problem and designs are constructed for several contexts with a single variable using geometric and other arguments.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/488YRVGF/Ford et al. - 1992 - The Use of a Canonical Form in the Construction of.pdf}
}

@online{frequentlyaskedquestionsclinicaltrialsgov_,
  type = {Government},
  title = {Frequently {{Asked Questions}} - {{ClinicalTrials}}.Gov},
  author = {{U.S. National Library of Medicine}},
  url = {https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/manage-recs/faq#board},
  urldate = {2023-04-08},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {ClinicalTrials.gov},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/GNBZDX5B/faq.html}
}

@article{garrett_politicalallocationus_2006,
  title = {Political Allocation of {{US}} Agriculture Disaster Payments in the 1990s},
  author = {Garrett, Thomas A. and Marsh, Thomas L. and Marshall, Maria I.},
  date = {2006-06},
  journaltitle = {International Review of Law and Economics},
  shortjournal = {International Review of Law and Economics},
  volume = {26},
  number = {2},
  pages = {143--161},
  issn = {01448188},
  doi = {10.1016/j.irle.2006.08.006},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0144818806000494},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {Legislation passed during the 1990s attempted to move US agriculture disaster relief to a more market oriented process. The failure of this legislation has been attributed to the political system behind agricultural disaster relief. This paper explores the impact of political influence on the allocation of US direct agriculture disaster payments. The results reveal that disaster payments are not based solely on need, but are higher in those states represented by public officials key to the allocation of relief. The effectiveness of legislation aimed at promoting more efficient disaster payments systems, such as crop insurance, over direct cash payments is also examined.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/33KGSMVH/Garrett et al. - 2006 - Political allocation of US agriculture disaster pa.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/TARFZDLG/Garrett et al. - 2006 - Political allocation of US agriculture disaster pa.pdf}
}

@book{gelman_activestatisticsstories_2024,
  title = {Active {{Statistics}}: {{Stories}}, {{Games}}, {{Problems}}, and {{Hands-on Demonstrations}} for {{Applied Regression}} and {{Causal Inference}}},
  shorttitle = {Active {{Statistics}}},
  author = {Gelman, Andrew and Vehtari, Aki},
  date = {2024-03-31},
  edition = {1},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  doi = {10.1017/9781009436243},
  url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781009436243/type/book},
  urldate = {2024-08-08},
  abstract = {This book provides statistics instructors and students with complete classroom material for a one- or two-semester course on applied regression and causal inference. It is built around 52 stories, 52 class-participation activities, 52 hands-on computer demonstrations, and 52 discussion problems that allow instructors and students to explore in a fun way the real-world complexity of the subject. The book fosters an engaging 'flipped classroom' environment with a focus on visualization and understanding. The book provides instructors with frameworks for self-study or for structuring the course, along with tips for maintaining student engagement at all levels, and practice exam questions to help guide learning. Designed to accompany the authors' previous textbook Regression and Other Stories, its modular nature and wealth of material allow this book to be adapted to different courses and texts or be used by learners as a hands-on workbook.},
  isbn = {978-1-009-43624-3 978-1-009-43621-2},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/JL2QUXA5/Gelman and Vehtari - 2024 - Active Statistics Stories, Games, Problems, and H.pdf}
}

@article{gelman_bayesiandataanalysis_,
  title = {Bayesian {{Data Analysis Third}} Edition (with Errors Fixed as of 13 {{February}} 2020)},
  author = {Gelman, Andrew and Carlin, John B and Stern, Hal S and Dunson, David B and Vehtari, Aki and Rubin, Donald B},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/V6ZHGAAN/Gelman et al. - Bayesian Data Analysis Third edition (with errors .pdf}
}

@book{gelman_bayesiandataanalysis_a,
  title = {Bayesian {{Data Analysis Third}} Edition (with Errors Fixed as of 15 {{February}} 2021)},
  author = {Gelman, Andrew and Carlin, John B and Stern, Hal S and Dunson, David B and Vehtari, Aki and Rubin, Donald B},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/723CC4F7/Gelman et al. - Bayesian Data Analysis Third edition (with errors .pdf}
}

@article{gelman_bayesiandataanalysis_b,
  title = {Bayesian {{Data Analysis Third}} Edition (with Errors Fixed as of 15 {{February}} 2021)},
  author = {Gelman, Andrew and Carlin, John B and Stern, Hal S and Dunson, David B and Vehtari, Aki and Rubin, Donald B},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/HDBCV72B/BDA3.pdf}
}

@article{gelman_boxerwrestlercoin_2006,
  title = {The {{Boxer}}, the {{Wrestler}}, and the {{Coin Flip}}: {{A Paradox}} of {{Robust Bayesian Inference}} and {{Belief Functions}}},
  shorttitle = {The {{Boxer}}, the {{Wrestler}}, and the {{Coin Flip}}},
  author = {Gelman, Andrew},
  date = {2006-05},
  journaltitle = {The American Statistician},
  shortjournal = {The American Statistician},
  volume = {60},
  number = {2},
  pages = {146--150},
  issn = {0003-1305, 1537-2731},
  doi = {10.1198/000313006X106190},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1198/000313006X106190},
  urldate = {2023-10-24},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/H8AF9WNZ/Gelman - 2006 - The Boxer, the Wrestler, and the Coin Flip A Para.pdf}
}

@article{gelman_multilevelhierarchicalmodeling_2006,
  title = {Multilevel ({{Hierarchical}}) {{Modeling}}: {{What It Can}} and {{Cannot Do}}},
  shorttitle = {Multilevel ({{Hierarchical}}) {{Modeling}}},
  author = {Gelman, Andrew},
  date = {2006-08},
  journaltitle = {Technometrics},
  shortjournal = {Technometrics},
  volume = {48},
  number = {3},
  pages = {432--435},
  issn = {0040-1706, 1537-2723},
  doi = {10.1198/004017005000000661},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1198/004017005000000661},
  urldate = {2023-08-02},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/C7JLP9A9/Gelman - 2006 - Multilevel (Hierarchical) Modeling What It Can an.pdf}
}

@article{gelman_philosophypracticebayesian_2013,
  title = {Philosophy and the Practice of {{Bayesian}} Statistics: {{{\mkbibemph{Philosophy}}}}{\mkbibemph{ and the Practice of }}{{{\mkbibemph{Bayesian}}}}{\mkbibemph{ Statistics}}},
  shorttitle = {Philosophy and the Practice of {{Bayesian}} Statistics},
  author = {Gelman, Andrew and Shalizi, Cosma Rohilla},
  date = {2013-02},
  journaltitle = {British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology},
  shortjournal = {Br J Math Stat Psychol},
  volume = {66},
  number = {1},
  pages = {8--38},
  issn = {00071102},
  doi = {10.1111/j.2044-8317.2011.02037.x},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.2044-8317.2011.02037.x},
  urldate = {2023-07-10},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/D6QZ6KS5/Gelman and Shalizi - 2013 - Philosophy and the practice of Bayesian statistics.pdf}
}

@book{gelman_regressionotherstories_,
  title = {Regression and {{Other Stories}} (Corrections up to 26 {{Oct}} 2023) {{Please}} Do Not Reproduce in Any Form without Permission},
  author = {Gelman, Andrew and Hill, Jennifer and Vehtari, Aki},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/Y97JIDKL/Gelman et al. - Regression and Other Stories (corrections up to 26.pdf}
}

@online{generationcriticalappraisalchecklisteconomic_,
  title = {Generation of: {{Critical Appraisal Checklist}} for {{Economic Studies}}},
  url = {https://chatgpt.com},
  urldate = {2024-05-15},
  abstract = {The Critical Appraisal Checklist for Economic Studies is a structured tool designed to facilitate the systematic evaluation of economic research. It consists of 12 questions divided into three sections: Study Validity, Results, and Applicability and Relevance. Each question includes options to indicate whether the criterion is met ("Yes", "Can't Tell", "No") and a  section for detailed comments. The approach is based on CASP-checklists.},
  langid = {american},
  organization = {ChatGPT},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/9FSKGKZG/f699c91f-f56e-4c3a-b0c2-69a2593c8fde.html}
}

@article{gentzkow_textdata_2019,
  title = {Text as {{Data}}},
  author = {Gentzkow, Matthew and Kelly, Bryan and Taddy, Matt},
  date = {2019-09-01},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Economic Literature},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Economic Literature},
  volume = {57},
  number = {3},
  pages = {535--574},
  issn = {0022-0515},
  doi = {10.1257/jel.20181020},
  url = {https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/10.1257/jel.20181020},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {An ever-increasing share of human interaction, communication, and culture is recorded as digital text. We provide an introduction to the use of text as an input to economic research. We discuss the features that make text different from other forms of data, offer a practical overview of relevant statistical methods, and survey a variety of applications. (JEL C38, C55, L82, Z13)},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/6HVNSXQZ/Gentzkow et al. - 2019 - Text as Data.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/CB5HYCEY/Gentzkow et al. - 2019 - Text as Data.pdf}
}

@book{georgelynnane_introductionorbitalmechanics_,
  title = {Introduction to {{Orbital Mechanics}}},
  author = {{George, Lynnane}},
  edition = {1},
  publisher = {Pressbooks},
  url = {https://oer.pressbooks.pub/lynnanegeorge/front-matter/introduction/},
  urldate = {2024-04-16},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Online Book},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/YJ85L8P2/introduction.html}
}

@article{gislason_influencebottledesign_2020,
  title = {The {{Influence}} of {{Bottle Design}} on {{Perceived Quality}} of {{Beer}}: {{A Conjoint Analytic Study}}},
  shorttitle = {The {{Influence}} of {{Bottle Design}} on {{Perceived Quality}} of {{Beer}}},
  author = {Gislason, Styrmir and Bruhn, Simon and Christensen, Alexander M. and Christensen, Mikkel T. and Hansen, Mette G. and Kha, Thuy Truc and Giacalone, Davide},
  date = {2020-11-10},
  journaltitle = {Beverages},
  shortjournal = {Beverages},
  volume = {6},
  number = {4},
  pages = {64},
  issn = {2306-5710},
  doi = {10.3390/beverages6040064},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5710/6/4/64},
  urldate = {2024-05-18},
  abstract = {Research on the influence of packaging on consumer perception of beer and other alcoholic beverages suggest an important role in capturing consumers’ attention and generating expectations on perceived product quality, and in particular that color, bottle shape, and label design are key aspects. There is, however, a paucity of research looking at interactions between different aspects of packaging design. This is a topical issue given an increasingly saturated market where especially craft breweries strive for differentiation and brand recognition. Situated within this context, the present research used a conjoint analytic approach to investigate the effect of packaging design on consumer perceived quality and liking for beers. Beer images were designed to systematically vary in four design factors—label color, label shape, label complexity, and bottle shape—and evaluated in an online survey with a representative sample of Danish beer drinkers. Two of the design factors—label color and bottle type—significantly affected consumers’ product evaluations, whereas the other two factors did not. Post-hoc analyses of the main effects indicated that the combination of a “Bomber” bottle shape and a warm color scheme in the label as the optimal combination of design factors to maximize consumer preferences. Preference for the Bomber bottle was linked to a perceived premiumness associated with a preference for curvatures (as opposed to angularity), whereas the preference for warm colors was tentatively explained as due to crossmodal correspondences generating favorable sensory expectations for this color scheme.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/8H5EKPHV/Gislason et al. - 2020 - The Influence of Bottle Design on Perceived Qualit.pdf}
}

@article{glaeser_bigdatabig_,
  title = {Big {{Data}} and {{Big Cities}}: {{The Promises}} and {{Limitations}} of {{Improved Measures}} of {{Urban Life}}},
  author = {Glaeser, Edward L and Kominers, Scott Duke and Luca, Michael and Naik, Nikhil},
  abstract = {New, “big” data sources allow measurement of city characteristics and outcome variables higher frequencies and finer geographic scales than ever before. However, big data will not solve large urban social science questions on its own. Big data has the most value for the study of cities when it allows measurement of the previously opaque, or when it can be coupled with exogenous shocks to people or place. We describe a number of new urban data sources and illustrate how they can be used to improve the study and function of cities. We first show how Google Street View images can be used to predict income in New York City, suggesting that similar image data can be used to map wealth and poverty in previously unmeasured areas of the developing world. We then discuss how survey techniques can be improved to better measure willingness to pay for urban amenities. Finally, we explain how Internet data is being used to improve the quality of city services.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/CVDFA8BH/Glaeser et al. - Big Data and Big Cities The Promises and Limitati.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/WCK6AWED/Glaeser et al. - Big Data and Big Cities The Promises and Limitati.pdf}
}

@report{globalburdenofdiseasecollaborativenetwork_globalburdendisease_2020,
  title = {Global {{Burden}} of {{Disease Study}} 2019 ({{GBD}} 2019) {{Cause Hierarchy}}},
  author = {Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network},
  date = {2020},
  institution = {{nstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)}},
  location = {Seattle, United States of America},
  abstract = {Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) Cause Hierarchy Seattle, United States of America: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), 2020.}
}

@report{globalburdenofdiseasecollaborativenetwork_globalburdendisease_2020a,
  title = {Global {{Burden}} of {{Disease Study}} 2019 ({{GBD}} 2019) {{Cause List Mapped}} to {{ICD Codes}}},
  author = {Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network},
  date = {2020},
  institution = {{nstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME)}},
  location = {Seattle, United States of America},
  abstract = {Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) Cause List Mapped to ICD Codes. Seattle, United States of America: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), 2020.},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/6P4A94JR/IHME_GBD_2019_NONFATAL_CAUSE_ICD_CODE_MAP_Y2020M10D15.XLSX;/home/will/Zotero/storage/CVXNRJRD/Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) Cau.PDF;/home/will/Zotero/storage/TBSL7VCZ/IHME_GBD_2019_COD_CAUSE_ICD_CODE_MAP_Y2020M10D15.XLSX;/home/will/Zotero/storage/VELUT993/IHME_GBD_2019_COD_CAUSE_ICD_CODE_MAP_Y2020M10D15.XLSX;/home/will/Zotero/storage/YDTPP4YP/IHME_GBD_2019_NONFATAL_CAUSE_ICD_CODE_MAP_Y2020M10D15.XLSX}
}

@article{goldberg_scopeinsensitivityhealth_2007,
  title = {Scope Insensitivity in Health Risk Reduction Studies: {{A}} Comparison of Choice Experiments and the Contingent Valuation Method for Valuing Safer Food},
  shorttitle = {Scope Insensitivity in Health Risk Reduction Studies},
  author = {Goldberg, Isabell and Roosen, Jutta},
  date = {2007-03-27},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Risk and Uncertainty},
  shortjournal = {J Risk Uncertainty},
  volume = {34},
  number = {2},
  pages = {123--144},
  issn = {0895-5646, 1573-0476},
  doi = {10.1007/s11166-007-9006-9},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11166-007-9006-9},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {Scope insensitivity and embedding are fundamental concerns in contingent valuation studies for health risk reductions. Recently, choice experiments have increasingly been used to obtain contingent willingness to pay (WTP) estimates. We juxtapose the WTP estimates of a choice experiment (CE) to those of the contingent valuation method (CVM) for different health risk reductions and compare them in the extent of scope insensitivity and embedding. WTP using CVM is scope sensitive for single health risks, but embedding is observed for multiple disease risks. In contrast, WTP based on the CE is highly scope sensitive and convex in risk reduction levels.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/5CZK78A6/Goldberg and Roosen - 2007 - Scope insensitivity in health risk reduction studi.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/MBZZLMKX/Goldberg and Roosen - 2007 - Scope insensitivity in health risk reduction studi.pdf}
}

@incollection{goldman_intellectualpropertyinformation_2011,
  title = {Intellectual {{Property}}, {{Information Technology}}, {{Biomedical Research}}, and {{Marketing}} of {{Patented Products}}},
  booktitle = {Handbook of {{Health Economics}}},
  author = {Goldman, Dana and Lakdawalla, Darius},
  date = {2011},
  volume = {2},
  pages = {825--872},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  doi = {10.1016/B978-0-444-53592-4.00013-X},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B978044453592400013X},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {Intellectual property rights are viewed as essential to medical innovation, but very often involve social costs due to patent monopolies and other inefficiencies. We review the positive theory of innovation in health care, as it relates to the determination of innovation demand and supply. The positive theory is related to a host of competing normative models of intellectual property, including patent races, cumulative or sequential innovation, and the implications of health insurance. We also discuss how intellectual property can be used to solve a variety of production externalities that afflict health care, including network externalities, underprovision of marketing, and inefficient provision of diagnostic information. Finally, we discuss novel approaches to protecting intellectual property, including rewards, innovation subsidies, and publicly provided health insurance.},
  isbn = {978-0-444-53592-4},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/G7YI26JA/Goldman and Lakdawalla - 2011 - Intellectual Property, Information Technology, Bio.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/QMZTAPML/Goldman and Lakdawalla - 2011 - Intellectual Property, Information Technology, Bio.pdf}
}

@article{griffith_colliderbiasundermines_2020,
  title = {Collider Bias Undermines Our Understanding of {{COVID-19}} Disease Risk and Severity},
  author = {Griffith, Gareth J. and Morris, Tim T. and Tudball, Matthew J. and Herbert, Annie and Mancano, Giulia and Pike, Lindsey and Sharp, Gemma C. and Sterne, Jonathan and Palmer, Tom M. and Davey Smith, George and Tilling, Kate and Zuccolo, Luisa and Davies, Neil M. and Hemani, Gibran},
  date = {2020-11-12},
  journaltitle = {Nature Communications},
  shortjournal = {Nat Commun},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {5749},
  issn = {2041-1723},
  doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-19478-2},
  url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-19478-2},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {Abstract             Numerous observational studies have attempted to identify risk factors for infection with SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 disease outcomes. Studies have used datasets sampled from patients admitted to hospital, people tested for active infection, or people who volunteered to participate. Here, we highlight the challenge of interpreting observational evidence from such non-representative samples. Collider bias can induce associations between two or more variables which affect the likelihood of an individual being sampled, distorting associations between these variables in the sample. Analysing UK Biobank data, compared to the wider cohort the participants tested for COVID-19 were highly selected for a range of genetic, behavioural, cardiovascular, demographic, and anthropometric traits. We discuss the mechanisms inducing these problems, and approaches that could help mitigate them. While collider bias should be explored in existing studies, the optimal way to mitigate the problem is to use appropriate sampling strategies at the study design stage.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/8BPIQKJI/Griffith et al. - 2020 - Collider bias undermines our understanding of COVI.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/F7KAM3SA/Griffith et al. - 2020 - Collider bias undermines our understanding of COVI.pdf}
}

@online{guenot_russianmissilestrike_,
  title = {A {{Russian}} Missile Strike Put 1,500 Pieces of Large Space Junk in Orbit. {{Even}} Debris as Big as a Baseball Could Kill Astronauts.},
  author = {Guenot, Marianne},
  url = {https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-added-1500-space-junk-in-orbit-satelite-test-missile-2021-11},
  urldate = {2024-02-03},
  abstract = {The debris from a Russian missile test "risks astronauts' lives" and "the interests of all nations," Secretary of State Antony Blinken said Monday.},
  langid = {american},
  organization = {Business Insider},
  keywords = {News,Orbital Debris,Satellites},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/INE249EL/russia-added-1500-space-junk-in-orbit-satelite-test-missile-2021-11.html}
}

@article{guidelineslabeling_,
  title = {{{GUIDELINES FOR LABELING}}},
  journaltitle = {CFR part},
  langid = {english}
}

@article{gupta_oneproductmany_2020,
  title = {One Product, Many Patents: {{Imperfect}} Intellectual Property Rights in the Pharmaceutical Industry},
  shorttitle = {One Product, Many Patents},
  author = {Gupta, Charu},
  date = {2020},
  journaltitle = {SSRN Electronic Journal},
  shortjournal = {SSRN Journal},
  issn = {1556-5068},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.3748158},
  url = {https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=3748158},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {Economists’ standard notion of intellectual property rights considers a single patent per product, with a clearly defined scope, certain enforcement, and a fixed term of monopoly protection. Yet common across industries are “imperfect” intellectual property rights: More than one patent may cover a single product, with the scope and enforcement of each uncertain, contributing to an indeterminate period of monopoly protection. Using data on the pharmaceutical industry, I systematically document the presence of imperfect intellectual property rights at the product level and provide the first evidence on the extent to which they impact competition. In a sample of novel drugs, I show that roughly 70 percent of drugs are covered by multiple intellectual property rights. I offer evidence on two mechanisms by which the accumulation of such rights for a single drug may delay generic entry: by introducing a binding later patent expiration and by increasing uncertainty in the scope and enforceability of remaining patents. In an instrumental variables analysis, I determine that the accumulation of patents for a single drug product delays generic entry by over 4 years per drug (amounting to more than 30 percent of mean monopoly life), well beyond the expiration of the drug’s initial molecule patent. This research suggests large consequences for consumer welfare in terms of drug pricing and new molecule development and offers an important nuance for future work on optimal patent policy and innovation—that intellectual property rights are less rigid than we typically assume.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/RPH7E2VB/Gupta-ImperfectIP-v20231113.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/TLXPJ5LJ/Gupta - 2020 - One product, many patents Imperfect intellectual .pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/XINYUULK/Gupta-ImperfectIP-v20230128.pdf}
}

@article{haavelmo_probabilityapproacheconometrics_1944,
  title = {{{THE PROBABILITY APPROACH IN ECONOMETRICS}}},
  author = {Haavelmo, Trygve},
  date = {1944-07},
  journaltitle = {Econometrica},
  volume = {12},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/UVNTK6PY/haavelmo.pdf}
}

@article{haavelmo_statisticalimplicationssystem_1943,
  title = {The {{Statistical Implications}} of a {{System}} of {{Simultaneous Equations}}},
  author = {Haavelmo, Trygve},
  date = {1943-01},
  journaltitle = {Econometrica},
  shortjournal = {Econometrica},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  eprint = {1905714},
  eprinttype = {jstor},
  pages = {1},
  issn = {00129682},
  doi = {10.2307/1905714},
  url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/1905714?origin=crossref},
  urldate = {2024-04-22},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/KUNPDYIS/Haavelmo - 1943 - The Statistical Implications of a System of Simult.pdf}
}

@article{haghani_accommodatingtasteheterogeneity_2015,
  title = {Accommodating Taste Heterogeneity and Desired Substitution Pattern in Exit Choices of Pedestrian Crowd Evacuees Using a Mixed Nested Logit Model},
  author = {Haghani, Milad and Sarvi, Majid and Shahhoseini, Zahra},
  date = {2015-09},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Choice Modelling},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Choice Modelling},
  volume = {16},
  pages = {58--68},
  issn = {17555345},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jocm.2015.09.006},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1755534515300166},
  urldate = {2023-05-12},
  abstract = {Mixed logit has been recognised and widely practised by researchers as a highly flexible modelling tool that can address the main shortcomings of the standard logit. Despite the potential to be generalised, the random-coefficient modelling has rarely been integrated with more advanced GEV-type models, possibly due to the unavailability of such estimation options in most econometric software. This particular generalisation has been recommended by a number of econometricians for analysing choice problems in which capturing taste variation and specific non-IIA patterns of substitution are both of modeller's concern. This way, the analyst will be able to limit the number of explanatory variables to the ones whose distributions of coefficients offer behavioural interpretations about taste variation, and leave the imposition of the desired substitution pattern to the GEV core.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Statistical Methods: Mixed Logit,Statistical Methods: Nested Logit},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/KTGM8I6P/Haghani et al. - 2015 - Accommodating taste heterogeneity and desired subs.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/ZWZA8V8X/Haghani et al. - 2015 - Accommodating taste heterogeneity and desired subs.pdf}
}

@article{hahn_specicationtestmixed_,
  title = {Speci…cation {{Test}} on {{Mixed Logit Models}}},
  author = {Hahn, Jinyong and Hausman, Jerry and Lustig, Josh},
  abstract = {This paper proposes a speci…cation test of the mixed logit models, by generalizing Hausman and McFadden’s (1984) test. We generalize the test even further by considering a model developed by Berry, Levinsohn and Pakes (1995).},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/BN3TAP9K/Hahn et al. - Speci…cation Test on Mixed Logit Models.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/RDD2NLGW/Hahn et al. - Speci…cation Test on Mixed Logit Models.pdf}
}

@article{hahn_specificationtestmixed_2020,
  title = {Specification Test on Mixed Logit Models},
  author = {Hahn, Jinyong and Hausman, Jerry and Lustig, Josh},
  date = {2020-11},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Econometrics},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Econometrics},
  volume = {219},
  number = {1},
  pages = {19--37},
  issn = {03044076},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jeconom.2020.03.015},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304407620301184},
  urldate = {2023-10-30},
  abstract = {This paper proposes a specification test of the mixed logit models, by generalizing Hausman and McFadden (1984) test. We generalize the test even further by considering a model developed by Berry et al. (1995).},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Econometric Models,Mixed Logit,Specification Test},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/F65BNNXH/Hahn et al. - 2020 - Specification test on mixed logit models.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/LKRHVXTG/Hahn et al. - 2020 - Specification test on mixed logit models.pdf}
}

@incollection{haines_doptimaldesignslogistic_2007,
  title = {D-Optimal {{Designs}} for {{Logistic Regression}} in {{Two Variables}}},
  booktitle = {{{mODa}} 8 - {{Advances}} in {{Model-Oriented Design}} and {{Analysis}}},
  author = {Haines, Linda M. and Kabera, Gaëtan and Ndlovu, Principal and O’Brien, Timothy E.},
  editor = {López-Fidalgo, Jesús and Rodríguez-Díaz, Juan Manuel and Torsney, Ben},
  date = {2007},
  pages = {91--98},
  publisher = {Physica-Verlag HD},
  location = {Heidelberg},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-7908-1952-6_12},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-7908-1952-6_12},
  urldate = {2023-02-23},
  abstract = {In this paper locally D-optimal designs for the logistic regression model with two explanatory variables, both constrained to be greater than or equal to zero, and no interaction term are considered. The setting relates to dose-response experiments with doses, and not log doses, of two drugs. It is shown that there are two patterns of D-optimal design, one based on 3 and the other on 4 points of support, and that these depend on whether or not the intercept parameter β0 is greater than or equal to a cut-off value of −1.5434. The global optimality of the designs over a range of β0 values is demonstrated numerically and proved algebraically for the special case of the cut-off value of β0.},
  isbn = {978-3-7908-1951-9},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/UPDNZ655/Haines et al. - 2007 - D-optimal Designs for Logistic Regression in Two V.pdf}
}

@article{hall_securemultiplelinear_,
  title = {Secure {{Multiple Linear Regression Based}} on {{Homomorphic Encryption}}},
  author = {Hall, Rob and Fienberg, Stephen E and Nardi, Yuval},
  abstract = {We consider the problem of linear regression where the data are split up and held by different parties. We conceptualize the existence of a single combined database containing all of the information for the individuals in the separate databases and for the union of the variables. We propose an approach that gives full statistical calculation on this combined database without actually combining information sources. We focus on computing linear regression and ridge regression estimates, as well as certain goodness of fit statistics. We make use of homomorphic encryption in constructing a protocol for regression analysis which adheres to the definitions of security laid out in the cryptography literature. Our approach provides only the final result of the calculations compared with other methods that share intermediate values and thus present an opportunity for compromise of privacy. We perform an experiment on a dataset extracted from the Current Population Survey, with 51, 016 cases and 22 covariates, to show that our approach is practical for moderate sized problems.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/B2S62H7R/Hall et al. - Secure Multiple Linear Regression Based on Homomor.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/XRAWF9Z5/Hall et al. - Secure Multiple Linear Regression Based on Homomor.pdf}
}

@misc{hambands_2024,
  title = {{{HAM Bands}}},
  date = {2024-07-25},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {ARRL},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/V4T2HUL8/Hambands4_Color_11x8_5.pdf}
}

@article{han_convergencedeepbsde_2020,
  title = {Convergence of the Deep {{BSDE}} Method for Coupled {{FBSDEs}}},
  author = {Han, Jiequn and Long, Jihao},
  date = {2020-12},
  journaltitle = {Probability, Uncertainty and Quantitative Risk},
  shortjournal = {Probab Uncertain Quant Risk},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {5},
  issn = {2367-0126},
  doi = {10.1186/s41546-020-00047-w},
  url = {https://probability-risk.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41546-020-00047-w},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {The recently proposed numerical algorithm, deep BSDE method, has shown remarkable performance in solving high-dimensional forward-backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs) and parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs). This article lays a theoretical foundation for the deep BSDE method in the general case of coupled FBSDEs. In particular, a posteriori error estimation of the solution is provided and it is proved that the error converges to zero given the universal approximation capability of neural networks. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the analyzed algorithm in solving high-dimensional coupled FBSDEs.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/R6FSD47B/Han and Long - 2020 - Convergence of the deep BSDE method for coupled FB.pdf}
}

@article{han_solvinghighdimensionalpartial_2018,
  title = {Solving High-Dimensional Partial Differential Equations Using Deep Learning},
  author = {Han, Jiequn and Jentzen, Arnulf and E, Weinan},
  date = {2018-08-21},
  journaltitle = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  shortjournal = {Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.},
  volume = {115},
  number = {34},
  pages = {8505--8510},
  issn = {0027-8424, 1091-6490},
  doi = {10.1073/pnas.1718942115},
  url = {https://pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1718942115},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {Significance             Partial differential equations (PDEs) are among the most ubiquitous tools used in modeling problems in nature. However, solving high-dimensional PDEs has been notoriously difficult due to the “curse of dimensionality.” This paper introduces a practical algorithm for solving nonlinear PDEs in very high (hundreds and potentially thousands of) dimensions. Numerical results suggest that the proposed algorithm is quite effective for a wide variety of problems, in terms of both accuracy and speed. We believe that this opens up a host of possibilities in economics, finance, operational research, and physics, by considering all participating agents, assets, resources, or particles together at the same time, instead of making ad hoc assumptions on their interrelationships.           ,              Developing algorithms for solving high-dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs) has been an exceedingly difficult task for a long time, due to the notoriously difficult problem known as the “curse of dimensionality.” This paper introduces a deep learning-based approach that can handle general high-dimensional parabolic PDEs. To this end, the PDEs are reformulated using backward stochastic differential equations and the gradient of the unknown solution is approximated by neural networks, very much in the spirit of deep reinforcement learning with the gradient acting as the policy function. Numerical results on examples including the nonlinear Black–Scholes equation, the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation, and the Allen–Cahn equation suggest that the proposed algorithm is quite effective in high dimensions, in terms of both accuracy and cost. This opens up possibilities in economics, finance, operational research, and physics, by considering all participating agents, assets, resources, or particles together at the same time, instead of making ad hoc assumptions on their interrelationships.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/IIYYEMRT/Han et al. - 2018 - Solving high-dimensional partial differential equa.pdf}
}

@article{harrison_defensedarkarts_2021,
  title = {Defense {{Against}} the {{Dark Arts}} in {{Space}}: {{Protecting Space Systems}} from {{Counterspace Weapons}}},
  shorttitle = {Defense {{Against}} the {{Dark Arts}} in {{Space}}},
  author = {Harrison, Todd and Johnson, Kaitlyn and Young, Makena},
  year = {Thu, 02/25/2021 - 12:00},
  url = {https://www.csis.org/analysis/defense-against-dark-arts-space-protecting-space-systems-counterspace-weapons},
  urldate = {2024-04-02},
  abstract = {This analysis from the CSIS Aerospace Security Project addresses different methods and technologies that can be used by the United States government, and others, to protect against or deter adversarial attacks via counterspace weapons.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Space,Warfare},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/V6Z76U7I/Harrison et al. - 2021 - Defense Against the Dark Arts in Space Protecting.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/WSHL7UW3/defense-against-dark-arts-space-protecting-space-systems-counterspace-weapons.html}
}

@article{hausman_specificationtestsmultinomial_1984,
  title = {Specification {{Tests}} for the {{Multinomial Logit Model}}},
  author = {Hausman, Jerry and McFadden, Daniel},
  date = {1984-09},
  journaltitle = {Econometrica},
  shortjournal = {Econometrica},
  volume = {52},
  number = {5},
  eprint = {1910997},
  eprinttype = {jstor},
  pages = {1219},
  issn = {00129682},
  doi = {10.2307/1910997},
  url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/1910997?origin=crossref},
  urldate = {2023-06-12},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/Q8UF4DKG/Hausman and McFadden - 1984 - Specification Tests for the Multinomial Logit Mode.pdf}
}

@article{hay_clinicaldevelopmentsuccess_2014,
  title = {Clinical Development Success Rates for Investigational Drugs},
  author = {Hay, Michael and Thomas, David W and Craighead, John L and Economides, Celia and Rosenthal, Jesse},
  date = {2014-01},
  journaltitle = {Nature Biotechnology},
  shortjournal = {Nat Biotechnol},
  volume = {32},
  number = {1},
  pages = {40--51},
  issn = {1087-0156, 1546-1696},
  doi = {10.1038/nbt.2786},
  url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/nbt.2786},
  urldate = {2024-09-04},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {To Read},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/LDI72VNY/Hay et al. - 2014 - Clinical development success rates for investigational drugs.pdf}
}

@article{heckman_causalanalysishaavelmo_2015,
  title = {{{CAUSAL ANALYSIS AFTER HAAVELMO}}},
  author = {Heckman, James and Pinto, Rodrigo},
  date = {2015-02},
  journaltitle = {Econometric Theory},
  shortjournal = {Econom. Theory},
  volume = {31},
  number = {1},
  pages = {115--151},
  issn = {0266-4666, 1469-4360},
  doi = {10.1017/S026646661400022X},
  url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S026646661400022X/type/journal_article},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {Haavelmo's seminal 1943 and 1944 papers are the first rigorous treatment of causality. In them, he distinguished the definition of causal parameters from their identification. He showed that causal parameters are defined using hypothetical models that assign variation to some of the inputs determining outcomes while holding all other inputs fixed. He thus formalized and made operational Marshall's (1890) ceteris paribus analysis. We embed Haavelmo's framework into the recursive framework of Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) used in one influential recent approach to causality (Pearl, 2000) and in the related literature on Bayesian nets (Lauritzen, 1996). We compare the simplicity of an analysis of causality based on Haavelmo's methodology with the complex and nonintuitive approach used in the causal literature of DAGs—the “do-calculus” of Pearl (2009). We discuss the severe limitations of DAGs and in particular of the do-calculus of Pearl in securing identification of economic models. We extend our framework to consider models for simultaneous causality, a central contribution of Haavelmo. In general cases, DAGs cannot be used to analyze models for simultaneous causality, but Haavelmo's approach naturally generalizes to cover them.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/UX59S8BJ/Heckman and Pinto - 2015 - CAUSAL ANALYSIS AFTER HAAVELMO.pdf}
}

@article{heesen_peerreviewgood_2021,
  title = {Is {{Peer Review}} a {{Good Idea}}?},
  author = {Heesen, Remco and Bright, Liam Kofi},
  date = {2021-09-01},
  journaltitle = {The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science},
  shortjournal = {The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science},
  volume = {72},
  number = {3},
  pages = {635--663},
  issn = {0007-0882, 1464-3537},
  doi = {10.1093/bjps/axz029},
  url = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1093/bjps/axz029},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/CEYQQENN/Heesen and Bright - 2021 - Is Peer Review a Good Idea.pdf}
}

@article{heiss_structuralchoiceanalysis_2002,
  title = {Structural {{Choice Analysis}} with {{Nested Logit Models}}},
  author = {Heiss, Florian},
  date = {2002-09},
  journaltitle = {The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata},
  shortjournal = {The Stata Journal},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {227--252},
  issn = {1536-867X, 1536-8734},
  doi = {10.1177/1536867X0200200301},
  url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1536867X0200200301},
  urldate = {2023-05-12},
  abstract = {The nested logit model has become an important tool for the empirical analysis of discrete outcomes. There is some confusion about its specification of the outcome probabilities. Two major variants show up in the literature. This paper compares both and finds that one of them (called random utility maximization nested logit, RUMNL) is preferable in most situations. Since the command nlogit of Stata 7.0 implements the other variant (called non-normalized nested logit, NNNL), an implementation of RUMNL called nlogitrum is introduced. Numerous examples support and illustrate the differences between both specifications.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/KJCDUDU6/Heiss - 2002 - Structural Choice Analysis with Nested Logit Model.pdf}
}

@article{heitjan_realtimepredictionclinical_2015,
  title = {Real-Time Prediction of Clinical Trial Enrollment and Event Counts: {{A}} Review},
  shorttitle = {Real-Time Prediction of Clinical Trial Enrollment and Event Counts},
  author = {Heitjan, Daniel F. and Ge, Zhiyun and Ying, Gui-shuang},
  date = {2015-11},
  journaltitle = {Contemporary Clinical Trials},
  shortjournal = {Contemporary Clinical Trials},
  volume = {45},
  pages = {26--33},
  issn = {15517144},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cct.2015.07.010},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1551714415300483},
  urldate = {2023-05-02},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/7U9LNLKM/Heitjan et al. - 2015 - Real-time prediction of clinical trial enrollment .pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/JAN23W5G/Heitjan et al. - 2015 - Real-time prediction of clinical trial enrollment .pdf}
}

@article{helter_developingattributesdiscrete_2016,
  title = {Developing Attributes for Discrete Choice Experiments in Health: A Systematic Literature Review and Case Study of Alcohol Misuse Interventions},
  shorttitle = {Developing Attributes for Discrete Choice Experiments in Health},
  author = {Helter, Timea Mariann and Boehler, Christian Ernst Heinrich},
  date = {2016-11},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Substance Use},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Substance Use},
  volume = {21},
  number = {6},
  pages = {662--668},
  issn = {1465-9891, 1475-9942},
  doi = {10.3109/14659891.2015.1118563},
  url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/14659891.2015.1118563},
  urldate = {2023-05-09},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/I57GY2QI/Helter and Boehler - 2016 - Developing attributes for discrete choice experime.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/T57HZKWD/Helter and Boehler - 2016 - Developing attributes for discrete choice experime.pdf}
}

@article{helveston_logitrfastestimation_2023,
  title = {\textbf{Logitr} : {{Fast Estimation}} of {{Multinomial}} and {{Mixed Logit Models}} with {{Preference Space}} and {{Willingness-to-Pay Space Utility Parameterizations}}},
  shorttitle = {\textbf{Logitr}},
  author = {Helveston, John Paul},
  date = {2023},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Statistical Software},
  shortjournal = {J. Stat. Soft.},
  volume = {105},
  number = {10},
  issn = {1548-7660},
  doi = {10.18637/jss.v105.i10},
  url = {https://www.jstatsoft.org/v105/i10/},
  urldate = {2023-05-09},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/HCGRD4LM/Helveston - 2023 - logitr  Fast Estimation of Multinomial and.pdf}
}

@article{hensher_aretherespecific_2012,
  title = {Are There Specific Design Elements of Choice Experiments and Types of People That Influence Choice Response Certainty?},
  author = {Hensher, David A. and Rose, John M. and Beck, Matthew J.},
  date = {2012},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Choice Modelling},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Choice Modelling},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {77--97},
  issn = {17555345},
  doi = {10.1016/S1755-5345(13)70049-6},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1755534513700496},
  urldate = {2023-02-14},
  abstract = {The development of more realistic choice experiments has taken on board a number of suggestions in the broader hypothetical bias literature. One issue, in particular, is the increasing interest in finding ways to bridge the gap between the stated choice response and real choosing, as a way of increasing the confidence with which an individual would hypothetically purchase or use an alternative that is actually chosen in the choice experiment. In this paper we investigate the relationship between the respondent’s response to a certainty question, defined on a 1-10 scale of surety, and features of the choice experiment that may have a bearing on the degree of confidence that can be placed on the stated choice, controlling for exogenous effects such as socioeconomic characteristics and attitudes to vehicle emissions. The focus on response certainty in this paper is as an external validity test. We find, using a generalised ordered logit model, compelling evidence that the number of acceptable alternatives and hence associated levels of attributes, together with the contrast of attribute levels of each designed alternative relative to an experienced status quo (or reference) alternative, play an important role in establishing certainty of response in a real market. The evidence should be taken on board in the future design of more realistic choice experiments.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/AZLSEZGF/Hensher et al. - 2012 - Are there specific design elements of choice exper.pdf}
}

@article{hensher_combiningrpsp_2008,
  title = {Combining {{RP}} and {{SP}} Data: Biases in Using the Nested Logit ‘Trick’ – Contrasts with Flexible Mixed Logit Incorporating Panel and Scale Effects},
  shorttitle = {Combining {{RP}} and {{SP}} Data},
  author = {Hensher, David A. and Rose, John M. and Greene, William H.},
  date = {2008-03},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Transport Geography},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Transport Geography},
  volume = {16},
  number = {2},
  pages = {126--133},
  issn = {09666923},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2007.07.001},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0966692307000737},
  urldate = {2023-05-12},
  abstract = {It has become popular practice that joint estimation of choice models that use stated preference (SP) and revealed preference (RP) data requires a way of adjusting for scale to ensure that parameter estimates across data sets are not confounded by differences in scale. The nested logit ‘trick’ presented by Hensher and Bradley in 1993 [Hensher, D.A., Bradley, M., 1993. Using stated response data to enrich revealed preference discrete choice models. Marketing Letters 4 (2), 139–152] continues to be widely used, especially by practitioners, to accommodate scale differences. This modelling strategy has always assumed that the observations are independent, a condition of all GEV models, which is not strictly valid within a stated preference experiment with repeated choice sets and between each SP observation and the single RP data point. This paper promotes the replacement of the NL ‘trick’ method with an error components model that can accommodate correlated observations as well as reveal the relevant scale parameter for subsets of alternatives. Such a model can also incorporate ‘‘state’’ or reference dependence between data types and preference heterogeneity on observed attributes. An example illustrates the difference in empirical evidence.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/BLTL899V/Hensher et al. - 2008 - Combining RP and SP data biases in using the nest.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/J3FPKZWI/Hensher et al. - 2008 - Combining RP and SP data biases in using the nest.pdf}
}

@article{hensher_specifcationestimationnested_2002,
  title = {Specifcation and Estimation of the Nested Logit Model: Alternative Normalisations},
  author = {Hensher, David A and Greene, William H},
  date = {2002},
  abstract = {The nested logit model is currently the preferred extension to the simple multinomial logit (MNL) discrete choice model. The appeal of the nested logit model is its ability to accommodate dierential degrees of interdependence (i.e., similarity) between subsets of alternatives in a choice set. The received literature displays a frequent lack of attention to the very precise form that a nested logit model must take to ensure that the resulting model is invariant to normalisation of scale and is consistent with utility maximisation. Some recent papers by F.S. Koppelman, C.H. Wen [Transp. Res. B 32 (5) (1998a) 289; Transp. Res. Record 1645 (1998b) 1] and G.L. Hunt [Nested logit models with partial degeneracy, Department of Economics, University of Maine, December 1998 (revised)] have addressed some aspects of this issue, but some important points remain somewhat ambiguous.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/EUA4HMY7/Hensher and Greene - 2002 - Specifcation and estimation of the nested logit mo.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/F3JVXPNY/Hensher and Greene - 2002 - Specifcation and estimation of the nested logit mo.pdf}
}

@book{hernan_causalinferencewhat_,
  title = {Causal {{Inference}}: {{What If}}},
  author = {Hernán, Miguel A and Robins, James M},
  langid = {english}
}

@book{hernan_causalinferencewhat_2020,
  title = {Causal {{Inference}}: {{What If}}},
  author = {Hernán, Miguel A and Robins, James M},
  date = {2020-07-31},
  langid = {english},
  pagetotal = {311},
  keywords = {To Process},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/T3MUFFN3/Hernán and Robins - Causal Inference What If.pdf}
}

@article{higham_algorithmicintroductionnumerical_,
  title = {An {{Algorithmic Introduction}} to {{Numerical Simulation}} of {{Stochastic Differential Equations}}},
  author = {Higham, Desmond J},
  abstract = {A practical and accessible introduction to numerical methods for stochastic differential equations is given. The reader is assumed to be familiar with Euler’s method for deterministic differential equations and to have at least an intuitive feel for the concept of a random variable; however, no knowledge of advanced probability theory or stochastic processes is assumed. The article is built around 10 MATLAB programs, and the topics covered include stochastic integration, the Euler–Maruyama method, Milstein’s method, strong and weak convergence, linear stability, and the stochastic chain rule.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/QXWS4XCL/Higham - An Algorithmic Introduction to Numerical Simulatio.pdf}
}

@article{hinkley_ratiotwocorrelated_1969,
  title = {On the Ratio of Two Correlated Normal Random Variables},
  author = {Hinkley, D. V.},
  date = {1969},
  journaltitle = {Biometrika},
  shortjournal = {Biometrika},
  volume = {56},
  number = {3},
  pages = {635--639},
  issn = {0006-3444, 1464-3510},
  doi = {10.1093/biomet/56.3.635},
  url = {https://academic.oup.com/biomet/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/biomet/56.3.635},
  urldate = {2024-01-06},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/YAWFCKT2/[Biometrika vol. 56 iss. 3] HINKLEY, D. V. - On the ratio of two correlated normal random variables (1969) [10.1093_biomet_56.3.635] - libgen.li.pdf}
}

@online{hitchens_commerceextendscommercial_2024,
  title = {Commerce Extends Commercial Data Contracts for Space Tracking System Pilot},
  author = {Hitchens, Theresa},
  date = {2024-05-16T19:30:45+00:00},
  url = {https://breakingdefense.sites.breakingmedia.com/2024/05/commerce-extends-commercial-data-contracts-for-space-tracking-system-pilot/},
  urldate = {2024-05-17},
  abstract = {All five contractors — COMSPOC, Kayhan Space, LeoLabs, Slingshot Aerospace, and SpaceNav — received new orders, bringing total "spending over the course of the Consolidated Pathfinder to \$15.5 million," according to an announcement by the Office of Space Commerce.},
  langid = {american},
  organization = {Breaking Defense},
  keywords = {ToProcess},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/XKEUUBG2/commerce-extends-commercial-data-contracts-for-space-tracking-system-pilot.html}
}

@online{hitchens_ngadirectorpushes_2024,
  title = {{{NGA}} Director Pushes Back at Criticisms of Agency, Touts 'wetware,' Tradecraft ({{EXCLUSIVE}})},
  author = {Hitchens, Theresa},
  date = {2024-05-08T17:11:20+00:00},
  url = {https://breakingdefense.sites.breakingmedia.com/2024/05/nga-director-pushes-back-at-criticisms-of-agency-touts-value-wetware-tradecraft-exclusive/},
  urldate = {2024-05-17},
  abstract = {In an exclusive sit down with Breaking Defense, Vice Adm. Frank Whitworth defended his agency's role in moving commercial and government satellite data to the field in a timely manner.},
  langid = {american},
  organization = {Breaking Defense},
  keywords = {ToProcess},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/ZCBFVQVX/nga-director-pushes-back-at-criticisms-of-agency-touts-value-wetware-tradecraft-exclusive.html}
}

@article{ho_physicianincentivesa$?ect_,
  title = {Do {{Physician Incentives A}}¤ect {{Hospital Choice}}? {{A Progress Report}}},
  author = {Ho, Katherine and Pakes, Ariel},
  abstract = {The US health reforms of March 2010 introduce new provisions for physicians providing Medicare and Medicaid services to be given …nancial incentives to control costs. Physician payment mechanisms generating similar incentives are currently used by some health maintenance organizations in California. We describe an ongoing research project in which we investigate physician responses to these payment schemes. The question is whether patients whose physicians have incentives to control hospital costs are admitted to lower-priced hospitals than other patients, all else equal. We provide an initial analysis of California hospital discharge data from 2003, documenting evidence consistent with this hypothesis.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {To Process},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/UN27MENB/Ho and Pakes - Do Physician Incentives A¤ect Hospital Choice A P.pdf}
}

@incollection{hoover_causalityeconomicseconometrics_2019,
  title = {Causality in {{Economics}} and {{Econometrics}}},
  booktitle = {The New {{Palgrave}} Dictionary of Economics},
  author = {Hoover, Kevin D.},
  date = {2019},
  edition = {Living edition},
  publisher = {Palgrave Macmillan},
  location = {London},
  isbn = {978-1-349-95121-5},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Causality,Foundational Economic Readings,History of Economics Profession},
  annotation = {OCLC: 1111663693},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/XNIM3NAR/20992838_1021632263130001842.pdf}
}

@report{hopgrowersamerica2023statistical_2024,
  title = {Hop {{Growers}} of {{America}} 2023 {{Statistical Report}}},
  date = {2024-01},
  institution = {Hop Growers of America},
  url = {https://www.usahops.org/img/blog_pdf/474.pdf},
  urldate = {2024-09-17},
  langid = {english},
  annotation = {https://www.usahops.org/enthusiasts/stats.html},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/9PE4SUJ9/PDF.pdf}
}

@article{horne_analyzinganimalmovements_2007,
  title = {{{ANALYZING ANIMAL MOVEMENTS USING BROWNIAN BRIDGES}}},
  author = {Horne, Jon S. and Garton, Edward O. and Krone, Stephen M. and Lewis, Jesse S.},
  date = {2007-09},
  journaltitle = {Ecology},
  shortjournal = {Ecology},
  volume = {88},
  number = {9},
  pages = {2354--2363},
  issn = {0012-9658},
  doi = {10.1890/06-0957.1},
  url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1890/06-0957.1},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {By studying animal movements, researchers can gain insight into many of the ecological characteristics and processes important for understanding population-level dynamics. We developed a Brownian bridge movement model (BBMM) for estimating the expected movement path of an animal, using discrete location data obtained at relatively short time intervals. The BBMM is based on the properties of a conditional random walk between successive pairs of locations, dependent on the time between locations, the distance between locations, and the Brownian motion variance that is related to the animal’s mobility. We describe two critical developments that enable widespread use of the BBMM, including a derivation of the model when location data are measured with error and a maximum likelihood approach for estimating the Brownian motion variance. After the BBMM is fitted to location data, an estimate of the animal’s probability of occurrence can be generated for an area during the time of observation. To illustrate potential applications, we provide three examples: estimating animal home ranges, estimating animal migration routes, and evaluating the influence of fine-scale resource selection on animal movement patterns.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/SWQQB72I/Horne et al. - 2007 - ANALYZING ANIMAL MOVEMENTS USING BROWNIAN BRIDGES.pdf}
}

@online{hu_marllibmultiagentreinforcement_2023,
  title = {{{MARLlib}}: {{A Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning Library}} — {{MARLlib}} v1.0.0 Documentation},
  author = {Hu, Siyi and Zhong, Yifan},
  date = {2023},
  url = {https://marllib.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html},
  urldate = {2024-02-09},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/JUMEPN6B/index.html}
}

@online{hu_marllibscalableefficient_2023,
  title = {{{MARLlib}}: {{A Scalable}} and {{Efficient Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning Library}}},
  shorttitle = {{{MARLlib}}},
  author = {Hu, Siyi and Zhong, Yifan and Gao, Minquan and Wang, Weixun and Dong, Hao and Liang, Xiaodan and Li, Zhihui and Chang, Xiaojun and Yang, Yaodong},
  date = {2023-11-06},
  eprint = {2210.13708},
  eprinttype = {arXiv},
  eprintclass = {cs},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2210.13708},
  urldate = {2024-04-16},
  abstract = {A significant challenge facing researchers in the area of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) pertains to the identification of a library that can offer fast and compatible development for multi-agent tasks and algorithm combinations, while obviating the need to consider compatibility issues. In this paper, we present MARLlib, a library designed to address the aforementioned challenge by leveraging three key mechanisms: 1) a standardized multi-agent environment wrapper, 2) an agent-level algorithm implementation, and 3) a flexible policy mapping strategy. By utilizing these mechanisms, MARLlib can effectively disentangle the intertwined nature of the multi-agent task and the learning process of the algorithm, with the ability to automatically alter the training strategy based on the current task's attributes. The MARLlib library's source code is publicly accessible on GitHub: \textbackslash url\{https://github.com/Replicable-MARL/MARLlib\}.},
  pubstate = {prepublished},
  keywords = {Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence,Computer Science - Machine Learning,Computer Science - Multiagent Systems},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/GH23C8US/Hu et al. - 2023 - MARLlib A Scalable and Efficient Multi-agent Rein.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/DRP62AYV/2210.html}
}

@article{hudson_comparisonchoiceexperiments_2012,
  title = {A {{Comparison}} of {{Choice Experiments}} and {{Actual Grocery Store Behavior}}: {{An Empirical Application}} to {{Seafood Products}}},
  shorttitle = {A {{Comparison}} of {{Choice Experiments}} and {{Actual Grocery Store Behavior}}},
  author = {Hudson, Darren and Gallardo, R. Karina and Hanson, Terrill R.},
  date = {2012-02},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics},
  shortjournal = {J. Agric. Appl. Econ.},
  volume = {44},
  number = {1},
  pages = {49--62},
  issn = {1074-0708, 2056-7405},
  doi = {10.1017/S107407080000016X},
  url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S107407080000016X/type/journal_article},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {In this paper we compare results from an in-store field experiment and a mail survey choice experiment (CE) to investigate CE’s capacity in predicting grocery store market share. For the comparison, we used three seafood products: freshwater prawns, marine shrimp, and lobster. CE estimates were obtained via four econometric models: the conditional logit, the random parameter logit, the heteroskedastic extreme value, and the multinomial probit. We found that the level of control in the grocery store experiment and the choice of econometric model influenced the capacity of CE to predict grocery store market shares.},
  issue = {1},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Applied,Discrete Choice Experiment,Revealed Choice Experiment},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/F5ZACS8G/Hudson et al. - 2012 - A Comparison of Choice Experiments and Actual Groc.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/GWIX2A2L/Hudson et al. - 2012 - A Comparison of Choice Experiments and Actual Groc.pdf}
}

@article{hwang_failureinvestigationaldrugs_2016,
  title = {Failure of {{Investigational Drugs}} in {{Late-Stage Clinical Development}} and {{Publication}} of {{Trial Results}}},
  author = {Hwang, Thomas J. and Carpenter, Daniel and Lauffenburger, Julie C. and Wang, Bo and Franklin, Jessica M. and Kesselheim, Aaron S.},
  date = {2016-12-01},
  journaltitle = {JAMA Internal Medicine},
  shortjournal = {JAMA Intern Med},
  volume = {176},
  number = {12},
  pages = {1826},
  issn = {2168-6106},
  doi = {10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.6008},
  url = {http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.6008},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {OBJECTIVE To assess factors associated with regulatory approval or reasons for failure of investigational therapeutics in phase 3 or pivotal trials and rates of publication of trial results. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Using public sources and commercial databases, we identified investigational therapeutics that entered pivotal trials between 1998 and 2008, with follow-up through 2015. Agents were classified by therapeutic area, orphan designation status, fast track designation, novelty of biological pathway, company size, and as a pharmacologic or biologic product. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES For each product, we identified reasons for failure (efficacy, safety, commercial) and assessed the rates of publication of trial results. We used multivariable logistic regression models to evaluate factors associated with regulatory approval. RESULTS Among 640 novel therapeutics, 344 (54\%) failed in clinical development, 230 (36\%) were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and 66 (10\%) were approved in other countries but not by the FDA. Most products failed due to inadequate efficacy (n = 195; 57\%), while 59 (17\%) failed because of safety concerns and 74 (22\%) failed due to commercial reasons. The pivotal trial results were published in peer-reviewed journals for 138 of the 344 (40\%) failed agents. Of 74 trials for agents that failed for commercial reasons, only 6 (8.1\%) were published. In analyses adjusted for therapeutic area, agent type, firm size, orphan designation, fast-track status, trial year, and novelty of biological pathway, orphan-designated drugs were significantly more likely than nonorphan drugs to be approved (46\% vs 34\%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.3; 95\% CI, 1.4-3.7). Cancer drugs (27\% vs 39\%; aOR, 0.5; 95\% CI, 0.3-0.9) and agents sponsored by small and medium-size companies (28\% vs 42\%; aOR, 0.4; 95\% CI, 0.3-0.7) were significantly less likely to be approved. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Roughly half of investigational drugs entering late-stage clinical development fail during or after pivotal clinical trials, primarily because of concerns about safety, efficacy, or both. Results for the majority of studies of investigational drugs that fail are not published in peer-reviewed journals.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/9399MLSQ/Hwang et al. - 2016 - Failure of Investigational Drugs in Late-Stage Cli.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/JJC96CPC/Hwang et al. - 2016 - Failure of Investigational Drugs in Late-Stage Cli.pdf}
}

@online{icd10version2019_,
  title = {{{ICD-10 Version}}:2019},
  url = {https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/C00},
  urldate = {2023-04-10},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/23DGMZ5X/en.html}
}

@report{ihgceconomiccommissionmarketreport_2023,
  title = {{{IHGC Economic Commission MARKET REPORT NOVEMBER}} 2023},
  date = {2023-11-27},
  institution = {IHGC Economic Commission},
  location = {Nuremberg, Germany},
  url = {https://www.usahops.org/img/blog_pdf/467.pdf},
  urldate = {2024-09-17},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/ZKMJQ3BM/MARKET REPORT NOVEMBER 2023.pdf}
}

@article{imai_causaldirectedacyclic_,
  title = {Causal {{Directed Acyclic Graphs}}},
  author = {Imai, Kosuke},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/RHC4ZTQI/Imai - Causal Directed Acyclic Graphs.pdf}
}

@article{imbens_recentdevelopmentseconometrics_2009,
  title = {Recent {{Developments}} in the {{Econometrics}} of {{Program Evaluation}}},
  author = {Imbens, Guido W and Wooldridge, Jeffrey M},
  date = {2009-03-01},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Economic Literature},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Economic Literature},
  volume = {47},
  number = {1},
  pages = {5--86},
  issn = {0022-0515},
  doi = {10.1257/jel.47.1.5},
  url = {https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/10.1257/jel.47.1.5},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {Many empirical questions in economics and other social sciences depend on causal effects of programs or policiy interventions. In the last two decades much research has been done on the econometric and statistical analysis of the effects of such programs or treatments. This recent theoretical literature has built on, and combined features of, earlier work in both the statistics and econometrics literatures. It has by now reached a level of maturity that makes it an important tool in many areas of empirical research in economics, including labor economics, public finance, development economics, industrial organization and other areas of empirical micro-economics. In this review we discuss some of the recent developments. We focus primarily on practical issues for empirical researchers, as well as provide a historical overview of the area and give references to more technical research.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/WIHAFIY7/Imbens and Wooldridge - 2009 - Recent Developments in the Econometrics of Program.pdf}
}

@report{internationalhopgrowersconventioneconomic_2023,
  title = {International {{Hop Growers Convention}} | {{ECONOMIC COMMISSION}} - {{SUMMARY REPORTS}}},
  date = {2023-11-27},
  location = {Nuremberg, Germany},
  url = {https://www.usahops.org/img/blog_pdf/466.pdf},
  urldate = {2024-09-17},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/TZ7BXU4K/Pavlovic - 2023 - International Hop Growers Convention.pdf}
}

@misc{interviewadamgeorge_2023,
  title = {Interview with {{Adam George}}.},
  date = {2023-05-05}
}

@misc{jarmin_disclosureavoidance2020_2021,
  title = {Disclosure {{Avoidance}} for the 2020 {{Census}}: {{An Introduction}}},
  namea = {Jarmin, Ron S and {Michael T. Thieme} and {Albert E. Fontenot, Jr.} and {Deborah M. Stempowski} and {Victoria A. Velkoff} and {John M. Abowd}},
  nameatype = {collaborator},
  date = {2021-11},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {U.S. Government Publishing Office},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/S9SXB8EB/Jarmin - Disclosure Avoidance for the 2020 Census An Intro.pdf}
}

@article{jayasundara_riskfailureclinical_2012,
  title = {Risk of {{Failure}} of a {{Clinical Drug Trial}} in {{Patients}} with {{Moderate}} to {{Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis}}},
  author = {Jayasundara, Kavisha S. and Keystone, Edward C. and Parker, Jayson L.},
  date = {2012-11},
  journaltitle = {The Journal of Rheumatology},
  shortjournal = {J Rheumatol},
  volume = {39},
  number = {11},
  pages = {2066--2070},
  issn = {0315-162X, 1499-2752},
  doi = {10.3899/jrheum.120005},
  url = {http://www.jrheum.org/lookup/doi/10.3899/jrheum.120005},
  urldate = {2023-05-03},
  abstract = {Objective.               We conducted a systematic review to determine the risk of drug failure in clinical testing with patients with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA).                                         Methods.               Therapies for RA were investigated by reviewing phase I to phase III studies conducted from December 1998 to March 2011. Clinical trial success rates were calculated and compared to industry standards. Trial failures were classified as either commercial or clinical failures. The exclusion criteria for drugs in this study: drugs that were started in phase I studies prior to January 1998 for this indication; or studies that enrolled patients who were methotrexate-naive and/or had failed biologic therapy.                                         Results.                                A search in                 clinicaltrials.gov                 and approved drugs for the indication yielded a total of 69 drugs that met the study criteria. The cumulative success rate was determined to be 16\%, which is equivalent to the industry standard of 16\%. For each phase, the frequency of clinical failures exceeded commercial failures. Clinical studies equally comprised investigations of small molecules and biological agents, but biologics seemed to exhibit a higher success rate overall.                                                        Conclusion.               Clinical trial risk in RA with the 84\% failure rate reported here is at par with industry performance and phase II success rate seems to be highly predictive of phase III success.},
  langid = {english}
}

@article{jayasundara_riskfailureclinical_2012a,
  title = {Risk of {{Failure}} of a {{Clinical Drug Trial}} in {{Patients}} with {{Moderate}} to {{Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis}}},
  author = {Jayasundara, Kavisha S. and Keystone, Edward C. and Parker, Jayson L.},
  date = {2012-11},
  journaltitle = {The Journal of Rheumatology},
  shortjournal = {J Rheumatol},
  volume = {39},
  number = {11},
  pages = {2066--2070},
  issn = {0315-162X, 1499-2752},
  doi = {10.3899/jrheum.120005},
  url = {http://www.jrheum.org/lookup/doi/10.3899/jrheum.120005},
  urldate = {2025-01-18},
  abstract = {Methods. Therapies for RA were investigated by reviewing phase I to phase III studies conducted from December 1998 to March 2011. Clinical trial success rates were calculated and compared to industry standards. Trial failures were classified as either commercial or clinical failures. The exclusion criteria for drugs in this study: drugs that were started in phase I studies prior to January 1998 for this indication; or studies that enrolled patients who were methotrexate-naive and/or had failed biologic therapy. Results. A search in clinicaltrials.gov and approved drugs for the indication yielded a total of 69 drugs that met the study criteria. The cumulative success rate was determined to be 16\%, which is equivalent to the industry standard of 16\%. For each phase, the frequency of clinical failures exceeded commercial failures. Clinical studies equally comprised investigations of small molecules and biological agents, but biologics seemed to exhibit a higher success rate overall. Conclusion. Clinical trial risk in RA with the 84\% failure rate reported here is at par with industry performance and phase II success rate seems to be highly predictive of phase III success. (First Release Sept 1 2012; J Rheumatol 2012;39:2066–70; doi:10.3899/jrheum.120005)},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/8ZKILFN3/Jayasundara et al. - 2012 - Risk of Failure of a Clinical Drug Trial in Patients with Moderate to Severe Rheumatoid Arthritis.pdf}
}

@article{jiang_modelingvalidatingbayesian_2015,
  title = {Modeling and Validating {{Bayesian}} Accrual Models on Clinical Data and Simulations Using Adaptive Priors},
  author = {Jiang, Yu and Simon, Steve and Mayo, Matthew S. and Gajewski, Byron J.},
  date = {2015-02-20},
  journaltitle = {Statistics in Medicine},
  shortjournal = {Statist. Med.},
  volume = {34},
  number = {4},
  pages = {613--629},
  issn = {02776715},
  doi = {10.1002/sim.6359},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sim.6359},
  urldate = {2023-04-27},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/JJAKCXZN/Jiang et al. - 2015 - Modeling and validating Bayesian accrual models on.pdf}
}

@online{jiang_usingneuralnetworks_2017,
  title = {Using {{Neural Networks}} to {{Compute Approximate}} and {{Guaranteed Feasible Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman PDE Solutions}}},
  author = {Jiang, Frank and Chou, Glen and Chen, Mo and Tomlin, Claire J.},
  date = {2017-03-27},
  eprint = {1611.03158},
  eprinttype = {arXiv},
  eprintclass = {cs},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1611.03158},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {To sidestep the curse of dimensionality when computing solutions to Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman partial differential equations (HJB PDE), we propose an algorithm that leverages a neural network to approximate the value function. We show that our final approximation of the value function generates near optimal controls which are guaranteed to successfully drive the system to a target state. Our framework is not dependent on state space discretization, leading to a significant reduction in computation time and space complexity in comparison with dynamic programming-based approaches. Using this grid-free approach also enables us to plan over longer time horizons with relatively little additional computation overhead. Unlike many previous neural network HJB PDE approximating formulations, our approximation is strictly conservative and hence any trajectories we generate will be strictly feasible. For demonstration, we specialize our new general framework to the Dubins car model and discuss how the framework can be applied to other models with higher-dimensional state spaces.},
  langid = {english},
  pubstate = {prepublished},
  keywords = {Bellman Equation,Computer Science - Machine Learning,Dynamic Programming,Machine learning,Neural Networks},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/Z72EHJZV/Jiang et al. - 2017 - Using Neural Networks to Compute Approximate and G.pdf}
}

@online{johngordonalicebobdinner_,
  title = {John {{Gordon}}: {{The Alice}} and {{Bob After Dinner Speech}}},
  url = {https://urbigenous.net/library/alicebob.html},
  urldate = {2024-04-11},
  keywords = {Jokes},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/582ZLDQY/alicebob.html}
}

@article{johnson_everyboardgame_,
  title = {Every {{Board Game Rulebook}} Is {{Awful}}},
  author = {Johnson, Dean Ray},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/4JDMWBJC/EveryRulebookIsAwful_DRJ_v1.0(1).pdf}
}

@report{jointpublication314spaceoperations_,
  title = {Joint {{Publication}} 3-14 {{Space Operations}}},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/P2TU39PX/jp3_14.pdf}
}

@online{jonathansspacereport_,
  title = {Jonathan's {{Space Report}}},
  url = {https://planet4589.org/index.html},
  urldate = {2024-05-21},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/M4KX6R4J/index.html}
}

@report{jorda_ratereturneverything_2017,
  title = {The {{Rate}} of {{Return}} on {{Everything}}, 1870–2015},
  author = {Jordà, Òscar and Knoll, Katharina and Kuvshinov, Dmitry and Schularick, Moritz and Taylor, Alan},
  date = {2017-12},
  number = {w24112},
  pages = {w24112},
  institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research},
  location = {Cambridge, MA},
  doi = {10.3386/w24112},
  url = {http://www.nber.org/papers/w24112.pdf},
  urldate = {2023-02-01},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/P6RJR79S/Jordà et al. - 2017 - The Rate of Return on Everything, 1870–2015.pdf}
}

@article{judd_numericallystableaccurate_2011,
  title = {Numerically Stable and Accurate Stochastic Simulation Approaches for Solving Dynamic Economic Models: {{Approaches}} for Solving Dynamic Models},
  shorttitle = {Numerically Stable and Accurate Stochastic Simulation Approaches for Solving Dynamic Economic Models},
  author = {Judd, Kenneth L. and Maliar, Lilia and Maliar, Serguei},
  date = {2011-07},
  journaltitle = {Quantitative Economics},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {173--210},
  issn = {17597323},
  doi = {10.3982/QE14},
  url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.3982/QE14},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/N8RHVQJR/Judd et al. - 2011 - Numerically stable and accurate stochastic simulat.pdf}
}

@article{kamihigashi_almostsureconvergence_2006,
  title = {Almost Sure Convergence to Zero in Stochastic Growth Models},
  author = {Kamihigashi, Takashi},
  date = {2006-09},
  journaltitle = {Economic Theory},
  shortjournal = {Economic Theory},
  volume = {29},
  number = {1},
  pages = {231--237},
  issn = {0938-2259, 1432-0479},
  doi = {10.1007/s00199-005-0006-1},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00199-005-0006-1},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {This paper shows that in stochastic one-sector growth models, if the production function does not satisfy the Inada condition at zero, any feasible path converges to zero with probability one provided that the shocks are sufficiently volatile. This result seems significant since, as we argue, the Inada condition at zero is difficult to justify on economic grounds. Our convergence result is extended to the case of a nonconcave production function. The generalized result applies to a wide range of stochastic growth models, including stochastic endogenous growth models, overlapping generations models, and models with nonconcave production functions.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Dynamic Programming},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/932X28W3/Kamihigashi - 2006 - Almost sure convergence to zero in stochastic grow.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/DKGL8ZWX/Kamihigashi - 2006 - Almost sure convergence to zero in stochastic grow.pdf}
}

@article{kasenda_prevalencecharacteristicspublication_2014,
  title = {Prevalence, {{Characteristics}}, and {{Publication}} of {{Discontinued Randomized Trials}}},
  author = {Kasenda, Benjamin and Von Elm, Erik and You, John and Blümle, Anette and Tomonaga, Yuki and Saccilotto, Ramon and Amstutz, Alain and Bengough, Theresa and Meerpohl, Joerg J. and Stegert, Mihaela and Tikkinen, Kari A. O. and Neumann, Ignacio and Carrasco-Labra, Alonso and Faulhaber, Markus and Mulla, Sohail M. and Mertz, Dominik and Akl, Elie A. and Bassler, Dirk and Busse, Jason W. and Ferreira-González, Ignacio and Lamontagne, Francois and Nordmann, Alain and Gloy, Viktoria and Raatz, Heike and Moja, Lorenzo and Rosenthal, Rachel and Ebrahim, Shanil and Schandelmaier, Stefan and Xin, Sun and Vandvik, Per O. and Johnston, Bradley C. and Walter, Martin A. and Burnand, Bernard and Schwenkglenks, Matthias and Hemkens, Lars G. and Bucher, Heiner C. and Guyatt, Gordon H. and Briel, Matthias},
  date = {2014-03-12},
  journaltitle = {JAMA},
  shortjournal = {JAMA},
  volume = {311},
  number = {10},
  pages = {1045},
  issn = {0098-7484},
  doi = {10.1001/jama.2014.1361},
  url = {http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2014.1361},
  urldate = {2023-06-06},
  abstract = {OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence, characteristics, and publication history of discontinued RCTs and to investigate factors associated with RCT discontinuation due to poor recruitment and with nonpublication. DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective cohort of RCTs based on archived protocols approved by 6 research ethics committees in Switzerland, Germany, and Canada between 2000 and 2003. We recorded trial characteristics and planned recruitment from included protocols. Last follow-up of RCTs was April 27, 2013. Editorial page 1019 Related articles pages 1063 and 1065 Supplemental content at jama.com MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Completion status, reported reasons for discontinuation, and publication status of RCTs as determined by correspondence with the research ethics committees, literature searches, and investigator surveys. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 11.6 years (range, 8.8-12.6 years), 253 of 1017 included RCTs were discontinued (24.9\% [95\% CI, 22.3\%-27.6\%]). Only 96 of 253 discontinuations (37.9\% [95\% CI, 32.0\%-44.3\%]) were reported to ethics committees. The most frequent reason for discontinuation was poor recruitment (101/1017; 9.9\% [95\% CI, 8.2\%-12.0\%]). In multivariable analysis, industry sponsorship vs investigator sponsorship (8.4\% vs 26.5\%; odds ratio [OR], 0.25 [95\% CI, 0.15-0.43]; P {$<$} .001) and a larger planned sample size in increments of 100 (−0.7\%; OR, 0.96 [95\% CI, 0.92-1.00]; P = .04) were associated with lower rates of discontinuation due to poor recruitment. Discontinued trials were more likely to remain unpublished than completed trials (55.1\% vs 33.6\%; OR, 3.19 [95\% CI, 2.29-4.43]; P {$<$} .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this sample of trials based on RCT protocols from 6 research ethics committees, discontinuation was common, with poor recruitment being the most frequently reported reason. Greater efforts are needed to ensure the reporting of trial discontinuation to research ethics committees and the publication of results of discontinued trials.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/5UN6LNKJ/Kasenda et al. - 2014 - Prevalence, Characteristics, and Publication of Di.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/GREBMWKV/Kasenda et al. - 2014 - Prevalence, Characteristics, and Publication of Di.pdf}
}

@article{kessels_comparisoncriteriadesign_2006,
  title = {A {{Comparison}} of {{Criteria}} to {{Design Efficient Choice Experiments}}},
  author = {Kessels, Roselinde and Goos, Peter and Vandebroek, Martina},
  date = {2006-08},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Marketing Research},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Marketing Research},
  volume = {43},
  number = {3},
  pages = {409--419},
  issn = {0022-2437, 1547-7193},
  doi = {10.1509/jmkr.43.3.409},
  url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1509/jmkr.43.3.409},
  urldate = {2023-02-23},
  abstract = {To date, no attempt has been made to design efficient choice experiments by means of the G- and V-optimality criteria. These criteria are known to make precise response predictions, which is exactly what choice experiments aim to do. In this article, the authors elaborate on the G- and V-optimality criteria for the multinomial logit model and compare their prediction performances with those of the D- and A-optimality criteria. They make use of Bayesian design methods that integrate the optimality criteria over a prior distribution of likely parameter values. They employ a modified Fedorov algorithm to generate the optimal choice designs. They also discuss other aspects of the designs, such as level overlap, utility balance, estimation performance, and computational effectiveness.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/VBTR3IYU/Kessels et al. - 2006 - A Comparison of Criteria to Design Efficient Choic.pdf}
}

@article{kessler_collisionfrequencyartificial_1978,
  title = {Collision Frequency of Artificial Satellites: {{The}} Creation of a Debris Belt},
  shorttitle = {Collision Frequency of Artificial Satellites},
  author = {Kessler, Donald J. and Cour-Palais, Burton G.},
  date = {1978},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
  shortjournal = {J. Geophys. Res.},
  volume = {83},
  number = {A6},
  pages = {2637},
  issn = {0148-0227},
  doi = {10.1029/JA083iA06p02637},
  url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/JA083iA06p02637},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Orbital Debris},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/2IK7MZVP/Kessler and Cour-Palais - 1978 - Collision frequency of artificial satellites The .pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/33ESJ7EN/Kessler and Cour-Palais - 1978 - Collision frequency of artificial satellites The .pdf}
}

@thesis{khmelnitskaya_competitionattritiondrug_2021,
  title = {Competition and {{Attrition}} in {{Drug Development}}},
  author = {Khmelnitskaya, Ekaterina},
  date = {2021-05},
  institution = {University of Virginia},
  abstract = {With fewer than 10\% of new drugs reaching the market, the drug development process is notorious for its high attrition rate. However, we rarely observe the reason for a drug’s discontinuation. It is known that pharmaceutical firms withdraw drugs after clinical failures, such as when trial results do not demonstrate adequate safety or efficacy according to FDA standards. At the same time, surveys suggest that firms also withdraw drugs for strategic reasons, such as when competition makes it unprofitable to continue development. Disentangling these two sources of attrition is necessary in order to predict the effects a government policy would have on the number of drugs that reach consumers. In this paper, I propose an empirical framework to separately identify the two components of attrition for each disease. To this end, I build a continuous-time dynamic model of the drug development process. In the model, firms take competitors’ R\&D choices into account when they make exit decisions at different stages of the innovation process. To estimate the model, I use rich data on the development histories of experimental drugs, clinical trial outcomes, and disease-specific epidemiological characteristics. I find that, on average, strategic terminations account for 8.4\% of all attrition, and as much as 35\% for some diseases. Using these estimates in counterfactual simulations, I show that without strategic withdrawals, the rate at which new drugs reach consumers would be on average 23\% higher. Large subsidies for clinical trials help realize some of that gain, with better results found for diseases that have a higher share of strategic attrition. However, the overall effect of subsidies on the rate of new drug launches is small. Alternatively, the same effect can be achieved through any minor regulatory adjustment that marginally helps lower the probability of late-stage clinical failures.},
  langid = {english},
  pagetotal = {55},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/CSRFCIDB/1_Khmelnitskaya_Ekaterina_2021_PHD.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/QBXQ4ZLR/Khmelnitskaya - Competition and Attrition in Drug Development.pdf}
}

@online{kingii_generationcriticalappraisal_2024,
  type = {ChatGPT 4o},
  title = {Generation of: {{Critical Appraisal Checklist}} for {{Economic Studies}}},
  shorttitle = {Critical {{Appraisal Checklist}} for {{Economic Studies}}},
  author = {King II, William F and {ChatGPT 4o}},
  date = {2024-05-15},
  url = {https://chat.openai.com/share/f699c91f-f56e-4c3a-b0c2-69a2593c8fde},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {ChatGPT}
}

@article{knox_administrativerecordsmask_2020,
  title = {Administrative {{Records Mask Racially Biased Policing}}},
  author = {Knox, Dean and Lowe, Will and Mummolo, Jonathan},
  date = {2020-08},
  journaltitle = {American Political Science Review},
  shortjournal = {Am Polit Sci Rev},
  volume = {114},
  number = {3},
  pages = {619--637},
  issn = {0003-0554, 1537-5943},
  doi = {10.1017/S0003055420000039},
  url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055420000039/type/journal_article},
  urldate = {2023-10-12},
  abstract = {Researchers often lack the necessary data to credibly estimate racial discrimination in policing. In particular, police administrative records lack information on civilians police observe but do not investigate. In this article, we show that if police racially discriminate when choosing whom to investigate, analyses using administrative records to estimate racial discrimination in police behavior are statistically biased, and many quantities of interest are unidentified—even among investigated individuals—absent strong and untestable assumptions. Using principal stratification in a causal mediation framework, we derive the exact form of the statistical bias that results from traditional estimation. We develop a bias-correction procedure and nonparametric sharp bounds for race effects, replicate published findings, and show the traditional estimator can severely underestimate levels of racially biased policing or mask discrimination entirely. We conclude by outlining a general and feasible design for future studies that is robust to this inferential snare.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/6GFGHQEG/Knox et al. - 2020 - Administrative Records Mask Racially Biased Polici.pdf}
}

@book{knuth_thingscomputerscientist_2001,
  title = {Things a Computer Scientist Rarely Talks About},
  author = {Knuth, Donald Ervin},
  date = {2001},
  series = {{{CSLI}} Lecture Notes},
  number = {no. 136},
  publisher = {CSLI Publications},
  location = {Stanford, Calif},
  isbn = {978-1-57586-327-6},
  langid = {english},
  pagetotal = {257},
  keywords = {Computers,Computers and civilization,Information technology,Moral and ethical aspects,Philosophy,Religion and science,Science},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/DD2UKRRU/Knuth - 2001 - Things a computer scientist rarely talks about.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/S24YJCNN/Knuth - 2001 - Things a computer scientist rarely talks about.pdf}
}

@inproceedings{ko_boundscommunicationcomplexity_,
  title = {Bounds for the {{Communication Complexity}} of {{Approximate Correlated Equilibria}}},
  author = {Ko, Young Kun and Schvartzman, Ariel},
  url = {https://eccc.weizmann.ac.il/report/2017/071/},
  abstract = {In the recent paper of [BR16], the authors show that, for any constant 10−15 {$>$} ε {$>$} 0 the communication complexity of ε-approximate Nash equilibria in 2-player n × n games is nΩ(ε), resolving the long open problem of whether or not there exists a polylogarithmic communication protocol. In this paper we address an open question they pose regarding the communication complexity of 2-player ε-approximate correlated equilibria.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/4DFNTZ73/Ko and Schvartzman - Bounds for the Communication Complexity of Approxi.pdf}
}

@article{koenker_quantileregression_,
  title = {Quantile {{Regression}}},
  author = {Koenker, Roger and Hallock, Kevin F},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/7X4J5YJ8/Koenker and Hallock - Quantile Regression.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/YQR3E6H7/Koenker and Hallock - Quantile Regression.pdf}
}

@article{kolling_principleseducationalprogramming_2024,
  title = {Principles of {{Educational Programming Language Design}}},
  author = {Kölling, Michael},
  date = {2024-12-10},
  journaltitle = {Informatics in Education},
  pages = {823--836},
  issn = {1648-5831, 2335-8971},
  doi = {10.15388/infedu.2024.29},
  url = {https://infedu.vu.lt/doi/10.15388/infedu.2024.29},
  urldate = {2024-12-21},
  abstract = {The principles of programming language design for learning and teaching have been described and discussed for several decades. Most influential was the work of Niklaus Wirth, describing principles such as simplicity, modularity, orthogonality, and readability. So why is this still an area of fundamental disagreement among educators? Why can teachers still not agree on suitable languages for novice programming? Why do we not have a programming language that is designed for education and in widespread use across the world? This paper enumerates and describes educational language design principles in the context of current systems and technologies and discusses why interpretation of these principles shifts as our discipline progresses. We evaluate what these principles mean in our current world, and why a common agreement has not developed. We discuss the relative benefits of pedagogical languages vs. industry languages and articulate why every generation of learners needs their own language.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/243MVTKV/infedu.24.29.pdf}
}

@article{kormoss_makingsensesignal_,
  title = {Making {{Sense}} of {{Signal Values}} and Their {{Purposes}} among {{Craft Beer Consumers}}:},
  author = {Kormoss, Gil and Dekker, Erwin},
  abstract = {It has been well recognized in the literature that individuals are involved in consumption that signal particular symbolic values to others and themselves. Within the cultural consumption literature however, there has been on an ongoing debate concerning the purposes of signalling. While some argue that cultural consumption and tastes and are forms of status attainment in the display of social class, others have suggested that these social borders are fading, and consumption is more a means to construct an identity. This also referred to as the homology versus individualization debate. The case examined in this thesis is that of craft beer, one of the more recent industries of the cultural industries. Highlight factors such as innovation, experimentation and creativity, it has become increasingly more popular in the Netherlands. In order to get a better understanding of this newly developed cultural industry, a quantitative analysis was conducted on the Dutch craft beer consumer from a socio-economic perspective. This was done by the development of an own typology of the craft beer drinker based upon their lifestyle signalling behaviour. Thereafter, the different signal values and purposes of symbolic craft beer consumption were considered in order to position the case of craft beer within the previously described homology and individualization debate. This study reveals that different types of craft beer consumers exist with different forms of signal values and purposes of symbolic craft beer consumption. These differences are however, not bound to social class, but are rather based upon individualistic factors as a means of identity construction.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Sociology},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/BMDQD5UT/Kormoss and Dekker - Making Sense of Signal Values and their Purposes a.pdf}
}

@article{krumholz_whathavewe_2007,
  title = {What Have We Learnt from {{Vioxx}}?},
  author = {Krumholz, Harlan M and Ross, Joseph S and Presler, Amos H and Egilman, David S},
  date = {2007-01-20},
  journaltitle = {BMJ : British Medical Journal},
  shortjournal = {BMJ},
  volume = {334},
  number = {7585},
  eprint = {17235089},
  eprinttype = {pmid},
  pages = {120--123},
  issn = {0959-8138},
  doi = {10.1136/bmj.39024.487720.68},
  url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1779871/},
  urldate = {2024-08-30},
  abstract = {In October UK patients who had cardiovascular events while taking rofecoxib lost the right to fight Merck in the US for compensation. But researchers and journals can still benefit from this case if they learn from the mistakes, write Harlan Krumholz and colleagues},
  pmcid = {PMC1779871},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/6HB3B8F4/Krumholz et al. - 2007 - What have we learnt from Vioxx.pdf}
}

@article{krusell_incomewealthheterogeneity_1998,
  title = {Income and {{Wealth Heterogeneity}} in the {{Macroeconomy}}},
  author = {Krusell, Per and Smith, Jr., Anthony~A.},
  date = {1998-10},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Political Economy},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Political Economy},
  volume = {106},
  number = {5},
  pages = {867--896},
  issn = {0022-3808, 1537-534X},
  doi = {10.1086/250034},
  url = {https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/250034},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/7GE6C79Z/Krusell and Smith, Jr. - 1998 - Income and Wealth Heterogeneity in the Macroeconom.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/L398KT2D/Krusell and Smith, Jr. - 1998 - Income and Wealth Heterogeneity in the Macroeconom.pdf}
}

@article{kuan_artificialneuralnetworks_,
  title = {Artificial {{Neural Networks}}},
  author = {Kuan, Chung-Ming},
  abstract = {Artificial neural networks (ANNs) constitute a class of flexible nonlinear models designed to mimic biological neural systems. In this entry, we introduce ANN using familiar econometric terminology and provide an overview of ANN modeling approach and its implementation methods.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/ECPJ5R7G/Kuan - Artiﬁcial Neural Networks.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/FYH3FMS8/Kuan - Artiﬁcial Neural Networks.pdf}
}

@online{labelingorganicproductsagriculturalmarketing_,
  title = {Labeling {{Organic Products}} | {{Agricultural Marketing Service}}},
  url = {https://www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/organic/labeling#Alcoholic%20Beverages},
  urldate = {2024-01-24},
  keywords = {Organic,Product Labelling},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/6Z6G3G5X/Labeling Organic Products  Malt Beverages with Organic References.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/QMARS49S/labeling.html}
}

@article{lai_brownianmotionlongterm_2001,
  title = {Brownian Motion and Long-Term Clinical Trial Recruitment},
  author = {Lai, Dejian and Moyé, Lemuel A. and Davis, Barry R. and Brown, Lisa E. and Sacks, Frank M.},
  date = {2001-02},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference},
  volume = {93},
  number = {1--2},
  pages = {239--246},
  issn = {03783758},
  doi = {10.1016/S0378-3758(00)00203-2},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378375800002032},
  urldate = {2023-04-28},
  langid = {english}
}

@article{lan_statisticalmodelingprediction_2019,
  title = {Statistical Modeling and Prediction of Clinical Trial Recruitment},
  author = {Lan, Yu and Tang, Gong and Heitjan, Daniel F.},
  date = {2019-03-15},
  journaltitle = {Statistics in Medicine},
  shortjournal = {Statistics in Medicine},
  volume = {38},
  number = {6},
  pages = {945--955},
  issn = {0277-6715, 1097-0258},
  doi = {10.1002/sim.8036},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sim.8036},
  urldate = {2023-04-27},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/JNP2GUTQ/Lan et al. - 2019 - Statistical modeling and prediction of clinical tr.pdf}
}

@article{lancsar_conductingdiscretechoice_2008,
  title = {Conducting {{Discrete Choice Experiments}} to {{Inform Healthcare Decision Making}}: {{A User}}??S {{Guide}}},
  shorttitle = {Conducting {{Discrete Choice Experiments}} to {{Inform Healthcare Decision Making}}},
  author = {Lancsar, Emily and Louviere, Jordan},
  date = {2008},
  journaltitle = {PharmacoEconomics},
  shortjournal = {PharmacoEconomics},
  volume = {26},
  number = {8},
  pages = {661--677},
  issn = {1170-7690},
  doi = {10.2165/00019053-200826080-00004},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/10.2165/00019053-200826080-00004},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/283NA45L/Lancsar and Louviere - 2008 - Conducting Discrete Choice Experiments to Inform H.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/I82M4M9F/Lancsar and Louviere - 2008 - Conducting Discrete Choice Experiments to Inform H.pdf}
}

@article{lancsar_discretechoiceexperiments_2017,
  title = {Discrete {{Choice Experiments}}: {{A Guide}} to {{Model Specification}}, {{Estimation}} and {{Software}}},
  shorttitle = {Discrete {{Choice Experiments}}},
  author = {Lancsar, Emily and Fiebig, Denzil G. and Hole, Arne Risa},
  date = {2017-07},
  journaltitle = {PharmacoEconomics},
  shortjournal = {PharmacoEconomics},
  volume = {35},
  number = {7},
  pages = {697--716},
  issn = {1170-7690, 1179-2027},
  doi = {10.1007/s40273-017-0506-4},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40273-017-0506-4},
  urldate = {2023-05-12},
  abstract = {We provide a user guide on the analysis of data (including best–worst and best–best data) generated from discrete-choice experiments (DCEs), comprising a theoretical review of the main choice models followed by practical advice on estimation and post-estimation. We also provide a review of standard software. In providing this guide, we endeavour to not only provide guidance on choice modelling but to do so in a way that provides a ‘way in’ for researchers to the practicalities of data analysis. We argue that choice of modelling approach depends on the research questions, study design and constraints in terms of quality/quantity of data and that decisions made in relation to analysis of choice data are often interdependent rather than sequential. Given the core theory and estimation of choice models is common across settings, we expect the theoretical and practical content of this paper to be useful to researchers not only within but also beyond health economics.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/6VMMQLMS/Lancsar et al. - 2017 - Discrete Choice Experiments A Guide to Model Spec.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/Y9QEZFA8/Lancsar et al. - 2017 - Discrete Choice Experiments A Guide to Model Spec.pdf}
}

@article{lancsar_reconceptualisingexternalvalidity_2014,
  title = {Reconceptualising the {{External Validity}} of {{Discrete Choice Experiments}}},
  author = {Lancsar, Emily and Swait, Joffre},
  date = {2014-10},
  journaltitle = {PharmacoEconomics},
  shortjournal = {PharmacoEconomics},
  volume = {32},
  number = {10},
  pages = {951--965},
  issn = {1170-7690, 1179-2027},
  doi = {10.1007/s40273-014-0181-7},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40273-014-0181-7},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {External validity is a crucial but under-researched topic when considering using discrete choice experiment (DCE) results to inform decision making in clinical, commercial or policy contexts. We present the theory and tests traditionally used to explore external validity that focus on a comparison of final outcomes and review how this traditional definition has been empirically tested in health economics and other sectors (such as transport, environment and marketing) in which DCE methods are applied. While an important component, we argue that the investigation of external validity should be much broader than a comparison of final outcomes. In doing so, we introduce a new and more comprehensive conceptualisation of external validity, closely linked to process validity, that moves us from the simple characterisation of a model as being or not being externally valid on the basis of predictive performance, to the concept that external validity should be an objective pursued from the initial conceptualisation and design of any DCE. We discuss how such a broader definition of external validity can be fruitfully used and suggest innovative ways in which it can be explored in practice.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/FCT79JBQ/Lancsar and Swait - 2014 - Reconceptualising the External Validity of Discret.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/WP5YXZNT/Lancsar and Swait - 2014 - Reconceptualising the External Validity of Discret.pdf}
}

@article{lawhead_boundedactorcriticalgorithm_,
  title = {A Bounded Actor-Critic Algorithm for Reinforcement Learning},
  author = {Lawhead, Ryan Jacob},
  abstract = {This thesis presents a new actor-critic algorithm from the domain of reinforcement learning to solve Markov and semi-Markov decision processes (or problems) in the field of airline revenue management (ARM). The ARM problem is one of control optimization in which a decision-maker must accept or reject a customer based on a requested fare. This thesis focuses on the so-called single-leg version of the ARM problem, which can be cast as a semi-Markov decision process (SMDP). Large-scale Markov decision processes (MDPs) and SMDPs suffer from the curses of dimensionality and modeling, making it difficult to create the transition probability matrices (TPMs) necessary to solve them using traditional methods such as dynamic and linear programming. This thesis seeks to employ an actor-critic algorithm to overcome the challenges found in developing TPMs for largescale real-world problems. Unlike traditional actor-critic algorithms, where the values of the so-called actor can either become very large or very small, the algorithm developed in this thesis has an updating mechanism that keeps the values of the actor’s iterates bounded in the limit and significantly smaller in magnitude than previous actor-critic algorithms. This allows the algorithm to explore the state space fully and perform better than its traditional counterpart. Numerical experiments conducted show encouraging results with the new algorithm by delivering optimal results on small case MDPs and SMDPs and consistently outperforming an airline industry heuristic, namely EMSR-b, on large-scale ARM problems.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/CNA38F4P/Lawhead - A bounded actor-critic algorithm for reinforcement.pdf}
}

@article{lee_multipleequilibriaselection_2009,
  title = {Multiple Equilibria and Selection by Learning in an Applied Setting},
  author = {Lee, Robin S. and Pakes, Ariel},
  date = {2009-07},
  journaltitle = {Economics Letters},
  shortjournal = {Economics Letters},
  volume = {104},
  number = {1},
  pages = {13--16},
  issn = {01651765},
  doi = {10.1016/j.econlet.2009.03.004},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165176509000895},
  urldate = {2024-05-17},
  abstract = {We explore two complementary approaches to counterfactual analysis in an applied setting where multiple equilibria are possible. The setting is an ATM network example empirically investigated in Ishii (2005), and our counterfactual examines the reallocation of ATMs among banks following a hypothetical merger accompanied by an unexpected cost shock. The analysis conditions on Ishii’s estimates of the remaining parameters and on the observed “initial” conditions in the market. First we simply enumerate the possible equilibria. Then we examine how different learning algorithms “select out” among them. We find that there are only a small number of equilibria that are consistent with the observed market conditions and that their similarity and proximity to one another allows the researcher to bound counterfactual outcomes with some degree of confidence. The learning process induces a distribution of limiting play across these equilibria, and that distribution is sensitive to the specification of both the cost shock and of the learning process. If we are to use learning algorithms to improve on the bounds obtained from enummeration, evidence on the relevance of alternative learning processes would be helpful.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {To Process},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/ZFHWAHR4/Lee and Pakes - 2009 - Multiple equilibria and selection by learning in a.pdf}
}

@online{leolabs[@leolabs_space]_tooclosecomfort_2024,
  type = {Tweet},
  title = {Too Close for Comfort. 😳 {{At}} \textasciitilde 06:30 {{UTC}} Today We Observed a Conjunction at 608 Km between Two Non-Maneuverable Spacecraft: A Derelict {{Russian}} Satellite and an Operational {{NASA}} Satellite. {{Miss}} Distance = {$<$}20 Meters {{Probability}} of Collision = 3 to 8\% at {{TCA}} {{https://t.co/4JWbYxwPh3}}},
  author = {{LeoLabs [@LeoLabs\_Space]}},
  date = {2024-02-28T14:46Z},
  url = {https://twitter.com/LeoLabs_Space/status/1762851748702511418},
  urldate = {2024-03-04},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {Twitter},
  keywords = {SatelliteCollision},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/9E94P9L9/1762851748702511418.html}
}

@article{lewbel_identificationzoomeanings_2019,
  title = {The {{Identification Zoo}}: {{Meanings}} of {{Identification}} in {{Econometrics}}},
  shorttitle = {The {{Identification Zoo}}},
  author = {Lewbel, Arthur},
  date = {2019-12-01},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Economic Literature},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Economic Literature},
  volume = {57},
  number = {4},
  pages = {835--903},
  issn = {0022-0515},
  doi = {10.1257/jel.20181361},
  url = {https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/10.1257/jel.20181361},
  urldate = {2023-10-12},
  abstract = {Over two dozen different terms for identification appear in the econometrics literature, including set identification, causal identification, local identification, generic identification, weak identification, identification at infinity, and many more. This survey: (i) gives a new framework unifying existing definitions of point identification; (ii) summarizes and compares the zooful of different terms associated with identification that appear in the literature; and (iii) discusses concepts closely related to identification, such as normalizations and the differences in identification between structural models and causal, reduced form models. ( JEL C01, C20, C50)},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/DJZXNGUR/Lewbel - 2019 - The Identification Zoo Meanings of Identification.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/YTR8KDKM/Lewbel - 2019 - The Identification Zoo Meanings of Identification.pdf}
}

@article{lewis_damagededicatedgeo_2001,
  title = {{{DAMAGE}}: {{A}} Dedicated Geo Debris Model Framework},
  author = {Lewis, Hugh},
  date = {2001},
  abstract = {A project is underway at Southampton University to create a software analysis tool, DAMAGE, dedicated to modelling debris in High Earth orbits over the longterm. The DAMAGE project aims to account for the unique characteristics involved in modelling the GEO environment. Applications of the model include investigation of mitigation methods for GEO. This work will inevitably require novel solutions if the precision and speed of the software are not to be compromised. This paper presents a preliminary framework for the dedicated GEO debris model DAMAGE and discusses the challenges of GEO modelling in this context.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Orbital Debris},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/NUG25P68/Lewis - 2001 - DAMAGE A dedicated geo debris model framework.pdf}
}

@article{li_reinforcementlearningjoint_2012,
  title = {Reinforcement Learning for Joint Pricing, Lead-Time and Scheduling Decisions in Make-to-Order Systems},
  author = {Li, Xueping and Wang, Jiao and Sawhney, Rapinder},
  date = {2012-08},
  journaltitle = {European Journal of Operational Research},
  shortjournal = {European Journal of Operational Research},
  volume = {221},
  number = {1},
  pages = {99--109},
  issn = {03772217},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ejor.2012.03.020},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0377221712002135},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {The paper investigates a problem faced by a make-to-order (MTO) firm that has the ability to reject or accept orders, and set prices and lead-times to influence demands. Inventory holding costs for early completed orders, tardiness costs for late delivery orders, order rejection costs, manufacturing variable costs, and fixed costs are considered. In order to maximize the expected profits in an infinite planning horizon with stochastic demands, the firm needs to make decisions from the following aspects: which orders to accept or reject, the trade-off between price and lead-time, and the potential for increased demand against capacity constraints. We model the problem as a Semi-Markov Decision Problem (SMDP) and develop a reinforcement learning (RL) based Q-learning algorithm (QLA) for the problem. In addition, we build a discrete-event simulation model to validate the performance of the QLA, and compare the experimental results with two benchmark policies, the First-Come-First-Serve (FCFS) policy and a threshold heuristic policy. It is shown that the QLA outperforms the existing policies.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/886XEWP7/Li et al. - 2012 - Reinforcement learning for joint pricing, lead-tim.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/C5LSYK5Q/Li et al. - 2012 - Reinforcement learning for joint pricing, lead-tim.pdf}
}

@article{lian_dynamicmodelcournot_2021,
  title = {A {{Dynamic Model}} of {{Cournot Competition}} for an {{Oligopolistic Market}}},
  author = {Lian, Zeng and Zheng, Jie},
  date = {2021-02-27},
  journaltitle = {Mathematics},
  shortjournal = {Mathematics},
  volume = {9},
  number = {5},
  pages = {489},
  issn = {2227-7390},
  doi = {10.3390/math9050489},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/5/489},
  urldate = {2023-07-21},
  abstract = {This paper studies firms’ dynamic interaction in a Cournot market. In each period of the game, the firm decides whether to make a stochastic positioning investment (establishing or maintaining its position in market competition). The market demand is also stochastic (high or low). By adopting symmetric Market perfect Nash equilibrium, firms choose strategies to maximize the discounted present value of cash flow. By considering the cases with one, two, and three active firms in the market, respectively, we present the stage game market outcome, show the transition probabilities, find the steady state of the system, and discuss the speed of convergence. Our work allows for two types of uncertainty in firms’ interactions, which contribute to the dynamic oligopoly literature.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Cournot Model,Dynamic Game Theory,Game Theory},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/SILWHVCG/Lian and Zheng - 2021 - A Dynamic Model of Cournot Competition for an Olig.pdf}
}

@article{linos_cannudgesincrease_,
  title = {Can {{Nudges Increase Take-up}} of the {{EITC}}?},
  author = {Linos, Elizabeth and Prohofsky, Allen and Ramesh, Aparna and Rothstein, Jesse and Unrath, Matt},
  abstract = {The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) distributes more than \$60 billion to over 20 million low-income families annually. Nevertheless, an estimated one-fifth of eligible households do not claim it. We ran six pre-registered, large-scale field experiments to test whether “nudges” could increase EITC take-up (N=1 million). Despite varying the content, design, messenger, and mode of our messages, we find no evidence that they affected households’ likelihood of filing a tax return or claiming the credit. We conclude that even the most behaviorally informed low-touch outreach efforts cannot overcome the barriers faced by low-income households who do not file returns.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/99CV64DZ/Linos et al. - Can Nudges Increase Take-up of the EITC.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/STCKHEAF/Linos et al. - Can Nudges Increase Take-up of the EITC.pdf}
}

@report{liou_2024usspace_2024,
  type = {US Space Debris Presentation to STSC},
  title = {2024 {{US Space Debris Presentation}} to {{STSC}}},
  author = {Liou, Jer-Chyi},
  date = {2024},
  institution = {{National Aeronautics and Space Administration}},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/A52Z3U2X/9_24_-_-_2024_US_Space_Debris_Presentation_to_STSC.pdf}
}

@article{list_whatexperimentalprotocol_,
  title = {What {{Experimental Protocol Influence Disparities Between Actual}} and {{Hypothetical Stated Values}}?},
  author = {List, John A and Gallet, Craig A},
  abstract = {Preferences elicited in hypothetical settings have recently come under scrutiny, causing estimates from the contingent valuation method to be challenged due to perceived “hypothetical bias.” Given that the received literature derives value estimates using heterogeneous experimental techniques, understanding the effects of important design parameters on the magnitude of hypothetical bias is invaluable. In this paper, we address this issue statistically by using a meta-analysis to examine data from 29 experimental studies. Our empirical findings suggest that on average subjects overstate their preferences by a factor of about 3 in hypothetical settings, and that the degree of overrevelation is influenced by the distinction between willingness-to-pay and willingness-to-accept, public versus private goods, and several elicitation methods.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Applied,Discrete Choice Experiment,Meta-Analysis,Revealed Choice Experiment},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/LV2FLXIN/List and Gallet - What Experimental Protocol Influence Disparities B.pdf}
}

@online{liu_efficientreinforcementlearning_2021,
  title = {Efficient {{Reinforcement Learning}} for {{StarCraft}} by {{Abstract Forward Models}} and {{Transfer Learning}}},
  author = {Liu, Ruo-Ze and Guo, Haifeng and Ji, Xiaozhong and Yu, Yang and Pang, Zhen-Jia and Xiao, Zitai and Wu, Yuzhou and Lu, Tong},
  date = {2021-11-02},
  eprint = {1903.00715},
  eprinttype = {arXiv},
  eprintclass = {cs, stat},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1903.00715},
  urldate = {2024-04-19},
  abstract = {Injecting human knowledge is an effective way to accelerate reinforcement learning (RL). However, these methods are underexplored. This paper presents our discovery that an abstract forward model (thought-game (TG)) combined with transfer learning (TL) is an effective way. We take StarCraft II as our study environment. With the help of a designed TG, the agent can learn a 99\% win-rate on a 64x64 map against the Level-7 built-in AI, using only 1.08 hours in a single commercial machine. We also show that the TG method is not as restrictive as it was thought to be. It can work with roughly designed TGs, and can also be useful when the environment changes. Comparing with previous model-based RL, we show TG is more effective. We also present a TG hypothesis that gives the influence of different fidelity levels of TG. For real games that have unequal state and action spaces, we proposed a novel XfrNet of which usefulness is validated while achieving a 90\% win-rate against the cheating Level-10 AI. We argue that the TG method might shed light on further studies of efficient RL with human knowledge.},
  langid = {english},
  pubstate = {prepublished},
  keywords = {Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence,Computer Science - Machine Learning,MARL,Statistics - Machine Learning},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/IVT9YB96/Liu et al. - 2021 - Efficient Reinforcement Learning for StarCraft by .pdf}
}

@book{louviere_statedchoicemethods_2000,
  title = {Stated Choice Methods: Analysis and Applications},
  shorttitle = {Stated Choice Methods},
  author = {Louviere, Jordan J. and Hensher, David A. and Swait, Joffre Dan},
  date = {2000},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  location = {Cambridge, UK ; New York, NY, USA},
  isbn = {978-0-521-78275-3},
  langid = {english},
  pagetotal = {402},
  keywords = {Consumer behavior,Decision making,Mathematical models},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/DBM2D84G/Louviere et al. - 2000 - Stated choice methods analysis and applications.pdf}
}

@article{luce_choiceaxiomtwenty_1977,
  title = {The Choice Axiom after Twenty Years},
  author = {Luce, R.Duncan},
  date = {1977-06},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Mathematical Psychology},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Mathematical Psychology},
  volume = {15},
  number = {3},
  pages = {215--233},
  issn = {00222496},
  doi = {10.1016/0022-2496(77)90032-3},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022249677900323},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/C7GZG8QE/Luce - 1977 - The choice axiom after twenty years.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/GZIAPMLE/Luce - 1977 - The choice axiom after twenty years.pdf}
}

@unpublished{luedicke_performinginterpretingdiscrete_,
  title = {Performing and Interpreting Discrete Choice Analyses in {{Stata}}},
  author = {Luedicke, Joerg},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/CD5TDN37/Luedicke - Performing and interpreting discrete choice analys.pdf}
}

@article{lukasz_whatdrivesdevelopment_2021,
  title = {What {{Drives}} the {{Development}} of {{Craft Beer Production}} in {{Poland}} - {{Insights}} from a {{Hedonic Regression Analysis}} of the {{Polish Beer Market}}},
  author = {Łukasz, Wieczorek and Marcin, Czupryna},
  date = {2021-11-02},
  journaltitle = {Eastern European Economics},
  shortjournal = {Eastern European Economics},
  volume = {59},
  number = {6},
  pages = {597--610},
  issn = {0012-8775, 1557-9298},
  doi = {10.1080/00128775.2021.1976062},
  url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00128775.2021.1976062},
  urldate = {2024-05-18},
  abstract = {The Polish beer market is characterized by a substantial increase in the number of breweries and the emergence of numerous craft breweries. These craft beers differ significantly among themselves. This provides a unique opportunity for a multidimensional analysis, particularly one employing hedonic regression. For this purpose, we use a sample data set covering Polish craft, regional and macro breweries. Our results showed that the price of a beer is not only related to its main ingre­ dient (malt) but to the fermentation type and hedonic/quality aspects as well – beer rating, beer reviews, and quantity of beer awards.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Hops Project,To Process},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/KUN6D3JZ/Łukasz and Marcin - 2021 - What Drives the Development of Craft Beer Producti.pdf}
}

@book{mahajan_artinsightscience_2014,
  title = {The Art of Insight in Science and Engineering: Mastering Complexity},
  shorttitle = {The Art of Insight in Science and Engineering},
  author = {Mahajan, Sanjoy},
  date = {2014},
  publisher = {The MIT Press},
  location = {Cambridge, Massachusetts},
  isbn = {978-0-262-52654-8},
  langid = {english},
  pagetotal = {389},
  keywords = {Estimation theory,Hypothesis,Problem solving,Statistical physics},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/9DBZ9CCE/3bca850386a3005c22134fa62fb3bad5_MITRES_6-011F14_art_insfin.pdf}
}

@misc{maliar_willartificialintelligence_2019,
  title = {{{WILL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE REPLACE COMPUTATIONAL ECONOMISTS ANY TIME SOON}}?},
  author = {Maliar, Lilia and Maliar, Serguei and Winant, Pablo},
  date = {2019-09-30},
  abstract = {Artificial intelligence (AI) has impressive applications in many fields (speech recognition, computer vision, etc.). This paper demonstrates that AI can be also used to analyze complex and highdimensional dynamic economic models. We show how to convert three fundamental objects of economic dynamics -- lifetime reward, Bellman equation and Euler equation -- into objective functions suitable for deep learning (DL). We introduce all-in-one integration technique that makes the stochastic gradient unbiased for the constructed objective functions. We show how to use neural networks to deal with multicollinearity and perform model reduction in Krusell and Smith's (1998) model in which decision functions depend on thousands of state variables -- we literally feed distributions into neural networks! In our examples, the DL method was reliable, accurate and linearly scalable. Our ubiquitous Python code, built with Dolo and Google TensorFlow platforms, is designed to accommodate a variety of models and applications.},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {Centre for Economic Policy Research},
  keywords = {Dynamic Programming,Machine learning,Macroeconomics},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/KRKJ78VH/CEPR-DP14024-MachineLearningReplaceComputationalEconomists_1657066418854_0.pdf}
}

@online{mandos_,
  title = {Mandos},
  url = {https://www.recompile.se/mandos},
  urldate = {2024-04-17},
  keywords = {Linux},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/F5F9GWH8/mandos.html}
}

@article{marial.loureiro_assessingconsumerpreferences_2001,
  title = {{{ASSESSING CONSUMER PREFERENCES FOR ORGANIC}}, {{ECO-LABELED}}, {{AND REGULAR APPLES}}},
  author = {{Maria L. Loureiro} and {Jill J. McCluskey} and {Ronald C. Mittelhammer}},
  date = {2001},
  publisher = {Unknown},
  doi = {10.22004/AG.ECON.31039},
  url = {https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/31039},
  urldate = {2024-01-09},
  abstract = {We assess consumer choice of eco-labeled, organic, and regular apples, and identify sociodemographic characteristics affecting the choice among those three alternatives. Eco-labeled apples are less desirable than organic when food safety, the environment, and children's needs are considered. Characteristics that may be expected to positively affect the decision to buy eco-labeled apples relative to regular apples actually have the opposite effect with the inclusion of the organic alternative. When considering all three choices, the eco-labeled product is found to be an intermediate choice among consumers.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Consumer/Household Economics,Organic,Product Labelling},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/Q6VE4VG2/Loureiro et al. - 2001 - ASSESSING CONSUMER PREFERENCES FOR ORGANIC, ECO-LA.pdf}
}

@article{marsaglia_ratiosnormalvariables_,
  title = {{{RATIOS OF NORMAL VARIABLES AND RATIOS OF SUMS OF UNIFORM VARIABLES}}},
  author = {Marsaglia, George},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/J4HS95IV/Marsaglia - RATIOS OF NORMAL VARIABLES AND RATIOS OF SUMS OF U.pdf}
}

@article{martin_clinicaltrialcycle_2017,
  title = {Clinical Trial Cycle Times Continue to Increase despite Industry Efforts},
  author = {Martin, Linda and Hutchens, Melissa and Hawkins, Conrad},
  date = {2017-03},
  journaltitle = {Nature Reviews Drug Discovery},
  shortjournal = {Nat Rev Drug Discov},
  volume = {16},
  number = {3},
  pages = {157--157},
  issn = {1474-1776, 1474-1784},
  doi = {10.1038/nrd.2017.21},
  url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/nrd.2017.21},
  urldate = {2024-09-04},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {To Read},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/V3HIEYZ4/Martin et al. - 2017 - Clinical trial cycle times continue to increase despite industry efforts.pdf}
}

@article{mathai_noncentralgeneralizedlaplacianness_1993,
  title = {On {{Noncentral Generalized Laplacianness}} of {{Quadratic Forms}} in {{Normal Variables}}},
  author = {Mathai, A.M.},
  date = {1993-05},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Multivariate Analysis},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Multivariate Analysis},
  volume = {45},
  number = {2},
  pages = {239--246},
  issn = {0047259X},
  doi = {10.1006/jmva.1993.1036},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0047259X83710365},
  urldate = {2023-07-29},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/AXL8RSIC/Mathai - 1993 - On Noncentral Generalized Laplacianness of Quadrat.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/PKXS5ZK3/Mathai - 1993 - On Noncentral Generalized Laplacianness of Quadrat.pdf}
}

@report{matney_misconceptionsrealityorbital_,
  title = {Misconceptions and {{Reality}} of {{Orbital Debris Risk}}},
  author = {Matney, Mark},
  url = {https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230014345},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/4MJRVABQ/Matney - Misconceptions and Reality of Orbital Debris Risk.pdf}
}

@article{matthews_storksdeliverbabies_2000,
  title = {Storks {{Deliver Babies}} ( {\mkbibemph{p}} = 0.008)},
  author = {Matthews, Robert},
  date = {2000-06},
  journaltitle = {Teaching Statistics},
  shortjournal = {Teaching Statistics},
  volume = {22},
  number = {2},
  pages = {36--38},
  issn = {0141-982X, 1467-9639},
  doi = {10.1111/1467-9639.00013},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-9639.00013},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {This article shows that a highly statistically signi¢cant correlation exists between stork populations and human birth rates across Europe. While storks may not deliver babies, unthinking interpretation of correlation and p-values can certainly deliver unreliable conclusions.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/KTUFJB2N/Matthews - 2000 - Storks Deliver Babies ( p = 0.008).pdf}
}

@book{mayo_errorgrowthexperimental_2011,
  title = {Error and the Growth of Experimental Knowledge},
  author = {Mayo, Deborah G.},
  date = {2011},
  series = {Science and Its Conceptual Foundations},
  edition = {Kolophon: Milton Keynes, UK : Lightning Source, 2011},
  publisher = {Univ. of Chicago Press},
  location = {Chicago},
  isbn = {978-0-226-51197-9 978-0-226-51198-6},
  langid = {english},
  pagetotal = {493},
  keywords = {Bayesian statistical decision theory,Error analysis (Mathematics),Philosophy,Science},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/ICRQ7778/egek-pdf-red.pdf}
}

@article{mcbride_profitpotentialcertified_2015,
  title = {The {{Profit Potential}} of {{Certified Organic Field Crop Production}}},
  author = {McBride, William D. and Greene, Catherine and Foreman, Linda and Ali, Mir},
  date = {2015},
  journaltitle = {SSRN Electronic Journal},
  shortjournal = {SSRN Journal},
  issn = {1556-5068},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.2981672},
  url = {https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=2981672},
  urldate = {2024-05-17},
  abstract = {Organic crop acres in the United States more than doubled between 2002 and 2011 as acreage increased from 1.3 to over 3 million acres. While acreage for some major field crops increased substantially during this period, growth was more modest or had stalled for others. This study examines the profitability of corn, wheat, and soybean production using national survey data and finds that significant economic returns are possible from organic production of these crops. The main reason for higher per-bushel returns to organic production is the price premiums paid for organic crops. Despite potentially higher returns, the adoption of organic field crop production has been slow and is challenging due to such factors as achieving effective weed control and the processes involved with organic certification.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Hops Project},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/95D6UXMN/McBride et al. - 2015 - The Profit Potential of Certified Organic Field Cr.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/XCXMLC4D/err188_summary.pdf}
}

@article{mcelreath_replicationcommunicationpopulation_2015,
  title = {Replication, {{Communication}}, and the {{Population Dynamics}} of {{Scientific Discovery}}},
  author = {McElreath, Richard and Smaldino, Paul E.},
  editor = {Marinazzo, Daniele},
  date = {2015-08-26},
  journaltitle = {PLOS ONE},
  shortjournal = {PLoS ONE},
  volume = {10},
  number = {8},
  pages = {e0136088},
  issn = {1932-6203},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0136088},
  url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136088},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/I4KL7YUR/McElreath and Smaldino - 2015 - Replication, Communication, and the Population Dyn.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/U7KABWL9/McElreath and Smaldino - 2015 - Replication, Communication, and the Population Dyn.pdf}
}

@book{mcelreath_statisticalrethinkingbayesian_2020,
  title = {Statistical {{Rethinking}}: A {{Bayesian}} Course with Examples in {{R}} and {{Stan}}},
  shorttitle = {Statistical Rethinking},
  author = {McElreath, Richard},
  date = {2020},
  series = {{{CRC}} Texts in Statistical Science},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {{Taylor and Francis, CRC Press}},
  location = {Boca Raton},
  abstract = {"Statistical Rethinking: A Bayesian Course with Examples in R and Stan, Second Edition builds knowledge/confidence in statistical modeling. Pushes readers to perform step-by-step calculations (usually automated.) Unique, computational approach ensures readers understand details to make reasonable choices and interpretations in their modeling work"--},
  isbn = {978-0-367-13991-9}
}

@online{mcevoy_conservationbiologicaldiversity_2016,
  type = {Blog},
  title = {Conservation and {{Biological Diversity}} in {{Organic Production}} | {{USDA}}},
  author = {McEvoy, Miles},
  date = {2016-02-29},
  url = {https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2016/02/29/conservation-and-biological-diversity-organic-production},
  urldate = {2024-08-23},
  abstract = {The National Organic Program (NOP) – part of the USDA’s Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) – protects the integrity of certified organic products by developing clear standards, overseeing the certification of organic farms and businesses, and ensuring compliance with the USDA organic regulations. Organic is a labeling term that means the food or other agricultural product has been produced through approved methods that integrate cultural, biological, and mechanical practices. These practices foster cycling of resources, promote ecological balance, and conserve biodiversity. Certified organic crop and livestock producers manage their farms according to the USDA organic regulations. This means using materials that are approved for use in organic production, and maintaining or improving the natural resources of their operation, including soil and water quality.},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {Conservation and Biological Diversity in Organic Production},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/2N9DGDKQ/conservation-and-biological-diversity-organic-production.html}
}

@article{mcfadden_mixedmnlmodels_,
  title = {{{MIXED MNL MODELS FOR DISCRETE RESPONSE}}},
  author = {McFadden, Daniel and Train, Kenneth},
  abstract = {This paper considers mixed, or random coefficients, multinomial logit (MMNL) models for discrete response, and establishes the following results: Under mild regularity conditions, any discrete choice model derived from random utility maximization has choice probabilities that can be approximated as closely as one pleases by a MMNL model. Practical estimation of a parametric mixing family can be carried out by Maximum Simulated Likelihood Estimation or Method of Simulated Moments, and easily computed instruments are provided that make the latter procedure fairly efficient. The adequacy of a mixing specification can be tested simply as an omitted variable test with appropriately defined artificial variables. An application to a problem of demand for alternative vehicles shows that MMNL provides a flexible and computationally practical approach to discrete response analysis.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/6L926F77/McFadden and Train - 2000 - Mixed MNL models for discrete response.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/7XYAPU5T/McFadden and Train - MIXED MNL MODELS FOR DISCRETE RESPONSE.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/AVTNVAAZ/McFadden and Train - MIXED MNL MODELS FOR DISCRETE RESPONSE.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/L5M5BTIV/McFadden and Train - 2000 - Mixed MNL models for discrete response.pdf}
}

@online{mcfall-johnsen_secretrussiansatellite_,
  title = {A Secret {{Russian}} Satellite Has Broken Apart in Orbit, Creating a Cloud of Debris That Could Last a Century},
  author = {McFall-Johnsen, Morgan},
  url = {https://www.businessinsider.com/russian-satellite-breaks-up-orbit-space-debris-could-last-century-2023-2},
  urldate = {2023-03-11},
  abstract = {Russia kept the Kosmos 2499 satellite's mission a secret, even after its bizarre maneuvers drew attention. Now it may have exploded in orbit.},
  langid = {american},
  organization = {Business Insider},
  keywords = {News,Orbital Debris},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/MZUM5AC9/russian-satellite-breaks-up-orbit-space-debris-could-last-century-2023-2.html}
}

@article{mcquarrie_newlessonsmarket_2021,
  title = {New {{Lessons}} from {{Market History}}: {{Sometimes Bonds Win}}},
  shorttitle = {New {{Lessons}} from {{Market History}}},
  author = {McQuarrie, Edward F.},
  date = {2021},
  journaltitle = {SSRN Electronic Journal},
  shortjournal = {SSRN Journal},
  issn = {1556-5068},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.3805927},
  url = {https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=3805927},
  urldate = {2023-02-01},
  langid = {english}
}

@article{mcquarrie_stockmarketcharts_2017,
  title = {Stock {{Market Charts You Never Saw}}},
  author = {McQuarrie, Edward F.},
  date = {2017},
  journaltitle = {SSRN Electronic Journal},
  shortjournal = {SSRN Journal},
  issn = {1556-5068},
  doi = {10.2139/ssrn.3050736},
  url = {https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=3050736},
  urldate = {2023-02-01},
  langid = {english}
}

@article{menozzi_consumerpreferencescheese_2022,
  title = {Consumer {{Preferences}} for {{Cheese Products}} with {{Quality Labels}}: {{The Case}} of {{Parmigiano Reggiano}} and {{Comté}}},
  shorttitle = {Consumer {{Preferences}} for {{Cheese Products}} with {{Quality Labels}}},
  author = {Menozzi, Davide and Yeh, Ching-Hua and Cozzi, Elena and Arfini, Filippo},
  date = {2022-05-18},
  journaltitle = {Animals},
  shortjournal = {Animals},
  volume = {12},
  number = {10},
  pages = {1299},
  issn = {2076-2615},
  doi = {10.3390/ani12101299},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/10/1299},
  urldate = {2024-05-18},
  abstract = {The paper examined the potential demand for a food specialty dairy product, cheese, with alternative multiple labels. A random-parameter logit model was applied to interpret the results of online discrete choice experiments (DCE) for the elicitation of the preference of the cheese consumers surveyed in two European countries, France (n = 400) and Italy (n = 408). We analyzed consumers’ choices of quality-labeled cheeses, i.e., protected-designation-of-origin (PDO)-labeled Parmigiano Reggiano and Comté. Other features were tested, such as organic (Comté) and Mountain Product (Parmigiano Reggiano) labels, companies’ brands and price. The paper contributes to the literature on credence attributes by examining consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for differentiated cheese products in two EU countries, and by identifying the effects of personal characteristics, in terms of socio-demographics and level of product involvement, on the differences in preferences. The results show that price was the most important attribute in both countries, followed by the PDO quality label, particularly when paired with the second quality feature. Two cheese consumer segments were identified via latent class models in each country, helping producers to improve their marketing of agri-food products with a high gastronomic value and differentiation potential.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/9YWV894E/Menozzi et al. - 2022 - Consumer Preferences for Cheese Products with Qual.pdf}
}

@online{merigoux_moderncompilerfrench_2021,
  title = {A {{Modern Compiler}} for the {{French Tax Code}}},
  author = {Merigoux, Denis and Monat, Raphaël and Protzenko, Jonathan},
  date = {2021-01-25},
  eprint = {2011.07966},
  eprinttype = {arXiv},
  eprintclass = {cs},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2011.07966},
  urldate = {2023-02-01},
  abstract = {In France, income tax is computed from taxpayers' individual returns, using an algorithm that is authored, designed and maintained by the French Public Finances Directorate (DGFiP). This algorithm relies on a legacy custom language and compiler originally designed in 1990, which unlike French wine, did not age well with time. Owing to the shortcomings of the input language and the technical limitations of the compiler, the algorithm is proving harder and harder to maintain, relying on ad-hoc behaviors and workarounds to implement the most recent changes in tax law. Competence loss and aging code also mean that the system does not benefit from any modern compiler techniques that would increase confidence in the implementation. We overhaul this infrastructure and present Mlang, an open-source compiler toolchain whose goal is to replace the existing infrastructure. Mlang is based on a reverse-engineered formalization of the DGFiP's system, and has been thoroughly validated against the private DGFiP test suite. As such, Mlang has a formal semantics; eliminates previous handwritten workarounds in C; compiles to modern languages (Python); and enables a variety of instrumentations, providing deep insights about the essence of French income tax computation. The DGFiP is now officially transitioning to Mlang for their production system.},
  pubstate = {prepublished},
  keywords = {Computer Science - Programming Languages},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/R9VL79PW/Merigoux et al. - 2021 - A Modern Compiler for the French Tax Code.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/VTB6MYM3/2011.html}
}

@misc{methodcharacteristics_,
  title = {Method of {{Characteristics}}},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/C6WC2Z7T/charact_1658867492605_0.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/EI6Y7XCS/charact_1658867492605_0.pdf}
}

@article{meyerding_consumerpreferencesbeer_2019,
  title = {Consumer Preferences for Beer Attributes in {{Germany}}: {{A}} Conjoint and Latent Class Approach},
  shorttitle = {Consumer Preferences for Beer Attributes in {{Germany}}},
  author = {Meyerding, Stephan G.H. and Bauchrowitz, Alexander and Lehberger, Mira},
  date = {2019-03},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services},
  volume = {47},
  pages = {229--240},
  issn = {09696989},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.12.001},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S096969891830448X},
  urldate = {2023-12-23},
  abstract = {Despite high marketing expenses by large breweries, the traditional German beer market has been declining for many years. The development may be related to reasons such as demographic change or increased health awareness. In a changing market, it is especially important to gain a precise knowledge of these variables. The aim of this study is to identify the attributes of beer that are crucial to the purchasing process and to segment the German market for beer. For this purpose, a conjoint analysis was carried out with a subsequent latent class analysis. As a result of the latent class analysis, three consumer segments were identified. In addition to achieving results from the conjoint analysis, the segments were characterized by sociodemographic status, beerrelated questions, and results from a food-related lifestyle approach.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Organic,Product Labelling},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/VPZUH58S/Meyerding et al. - 2019 - Consumer preferences for beer attributes in German.pdf}
}

@online{michelobultra_newmichelobultra_2018,
  title = {New {{Michelob ULTRA Pure Gold Is First Superior Light Beer Made}} with {{Organic Grains}}},
  author = {{Michelob ULTRA}},
  date = {2018-02-26},
  url = {https://web.archive.org/web/20240106035211/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/new-michelob-ultra-pure-gold-is-first-superior-light-beer-made-with-organic-grains-300603579.html},
  urldate = {2024-01-14},
  keywords = {Organic,Press Release},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/MEC5W8RR/new-michelob-ultra-pure-gold-is-first-superior-light-beer-made-with-organic-grains-300603579.html}
}

@article{michis_hedonicdecompositionbeer_2024,
  title = {Hedonic {{Decomposition}} of {{Beer Prices}}: {{Consumer Ratings}} and {{Quantity Discounts}}},
  shorttitle = {Hedonic {{Decomposition}} of {{Beer Prices}}},
  author = {Michis, Antonis A.},
  date = {2024-01-02},
  journaltitle = {International Journal of the Economics of Business},
  shortjournal = {International Journal of the Economics of Business},
  volume = {31},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1--23},
  issn = {1357-1516, 1466-1829},
  doi = {10.1080/13571516.2023.2286027},
  url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13571516.2023.2286027},
  urldate = {2024-05-20},
  abstract = {A hedonic regression framework is proposed for evaluating the determinants of beer prices and consumer ratings. This study spe­ cifically addresses the endogeneity problem associated with the impact of consumer ratings on beer prices using a set of beer sensory and chemical characteristics as instrumental variables in the estimation procedure. The results suggest that beer prices tend to be influenced by consumer ratings and the objective characteristics of beers, while consumer ratings tend to be influ­ enced by the sensory and chemical characteristics of beers. Also, limited evidence is found for the use of quantity discounts by beer producers.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/ZHFEUFZQ/Michis - 2024 - Hedonic Decomposition of Beer Prices Consumer Rat.pdf}
}

@article{mittelhammer_entropybasedapproachnonparametrically_2022,
  title = {An {{Entropy-Based Approach}} for {{Nonparametrically Testing Simple Probability Distribution Hypotheses}}},
  author = {Mittelhammer, Ron and Judge, George and Henry, Miguel},
  date = {2022-01-14},
  journaltitle = {Econometrics},
  shortjournal = {Econometrics},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {5},
  issn = {2225-1146},
  doi = {10.3390/econometrics10010005},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2225-1146/10/1/5},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {In this paper, we introduce a flexible and widely applicable nonparametric entropy-based testing procedure that can be used to assess the validity of simple hypotheses about a specific parametric population distribution. The testing methodology relies on the characteristic function of the population probability distribution being tested and is attractive in that, regardless of the null hypothesis being tested, it provides a unified framework for conducting such tests. The testing procedure is also computationally tractable and relatively straightforward to implement. In contrast to some alternative test statistics, the proposed entropy test is free from user-specified kernel and bandwidth choices, idiosyncratic and complex regularity conditions, and/or choices of evaluation grids. Several simulation exercises were performed to document the empirical performance of our proposed test, including a regression example that is illustrative of how, in some contexts, the approach can be applied to composite hypothesis-testing situations via data transformations. Overall, the testing procedure exhibits notable promise, exhibiting appreciable increasing power as sample size increases for a number of alternative distributions when contrasted with hypothesized null distributions. Possible general extensions of the approach to composite hypothesis-testing contexts, and directions for future work are also discussed.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/3AYIU72S/ANN_Approximator_1658867332328_0.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/3E3UIZKI/Babichenko-2020-Communication-complexity-of-approxi_1658867256636_0.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/5DXL2VSY/Bayesian_Hierarchical_Models_-_Anna_E._McGlothlin,_PhD\;_Kert_Viele,_PhD_1658866770483_0.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/8DVAJVYQ/American_J_Agri_Economics_-_2021_-_Mullally_-_Using_Machine_Learning_to_Estimate_the_Heterogene_1657065944237_0.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/ADQNKDQ8/ANN_Approximator_1658867327987_0.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/H3TBIG6E/Babichenko-2020-Communication-complexity-of-approxi_1658867256636_0.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/H3VIRFVT/An_Introduction_to_the_Numerical_Simulation_of_Stochastic_Differential_Equations_Higham_Kloeden_1658867056961_0.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/JRII3LVK/Mittelhammer et al. - 2022 - An Entropy-Based Approach for Nonparametrically Te.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/MR6CJ5DK/ANN_Approximator_1658867327987_0.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/U4PMSGQA/Bayesian_Hierarchical_Models_-_Anna_E._McGlothlin,_PhD\;_Kert_Viele,_PhD_1658866770483_0.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/VSXK9UA7/ANN_Approximator_1658867332328_0.pdf}
}

@book{mittelhammer_mathematicalstatisticseconomics_2013,
  title = {Mathematical {{Statistics}} for {{Economics}} and {{Business}}},
  author = {Mittelhammer, Ron C.},
  date = {2013},
  publisher = {Springer New York},
  location = {New York, NY},
  doi = {10.1007/978-1-4614-5022-1},
  url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4614-5022-1},
  urldate = {2023-06-06},
  isbn = {978-1-4614-5021-4 978-1-4614-5022-1},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/2UIJFC29/Mittelhammer - 2013 - Mathematical Statistics for Economics and Business.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/88TCL22N/Mittelhammer - 2013 - Instructor Key.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/F4VYZ5TP/Student Answer Key.pdf}
}

@book{molenberghs_handbookmissingdata_2015,
  title = {Handbook of Missing Data Methodology},
  editor = {Molenberghs, Geert and Fitzmaurice, Garrett M. and Kenward, Michael G. and Tsiatis, Anastasios A. and Verbeke, Geert},
  date = {2015},
  series = {Chapman \& {{Hall}}/{{CRC}} Handbooks of Modern Statistical Methods},
  publisher = {CRC Press, Taylor \& Francis Group},
  location = {Boca Raton},
  isbn = {978-1-4398-5461-7},
  pagetotal = {574},
  keywords = {Methodology,Missing observations (Statistics),Statistics}
}

@dataset{montgomery_replicationdatahow_2018,
  title = {Replication {{Data}} for: {{How Conditioning}} on {{Posttreatment Variables Can Ruin Your Experiment}} and {{What}} to {{Do}} about {{It}}},
  shorttitle = {Replication {{Data}} For},
  author = {Montgomery, Jacob M. and Nyhan, Brendan and Torres, Michelle},
  namea = {Torres, Michelle and Torres, Michelle and Montgomery, Jacob M. and Nyhan, Brendan},
  nameatype = {collaborator},
  date = {2018},
  publisher = {Harvard Dataverse},
  doi = {10.7910/DVN/EZSJ1S},
  url = {https://dataverse.harvard.edu/citation?persistentId=doi:10.7910/DVN/EZSJ1S},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {In principle, experiments o↵er a straightforward method for social scientists to accurately estimate causal e↵ects. However, scholars often unwittingly distort treatment e↵ect estimates by conditioning on variables that could be a↵ected by their experimental manipulation. Typical examples include controlling for post-treatment variables in statistical models, eliminating observations based on post-treatment criteria, or subsetting the data based on post-treatment variables. Though these modeling choices are intended to address common problems encountered when conducting experiments, they can bias estimates of causal e↵ects. Moreover, problems associated with conditioning on post-treatment variables remain largely unrecognized in the field, which we show frequently publishes experimental studies using these practices in our discipline’s most prestigious journals. We demonstrate the severity of experimental post-treatment bias analytically and document the magnitude of the potential distortions it induces using visualizations and reanalyses of real-world data. We conclude by providing applied researchers with recommendations for best practice.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/4UANL6JM/Montgomery et al. - 2018 - Replication Data for How Conditioning on Posttrea.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/6DKQ26BB/Montgomery et al. - 2018 - Replication Data for How Conditioning on Posttrea.pdf}
}

@article{moon_estimationrandomcoefficients_2018,
  title = {Estimation of Random Coefficients Logit Demand Models with Interactive Fixed Effects},
  author = {Moon, Hyungsik Roger and Shum, Matthew and Weidner, Martin},
  date = {2018-10},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Econometrics},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Econometrics},
  volume = {206},
  number = {2},
  pages = {613--644},
  issn = {03044076},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jeconom.2018.06.016},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S030440761830112X},
  urldate = {2023-07-06},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/IC476DR9/Moon et al. - 2018 - Estimation of random coefficients logit demand mod.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/V25XDCVS/Moon et al. - 2018 - Estimation of random coefficients logit demand mod.pdf}
}

@article{morton_impactentrybiosimilars_,
  title = {{{THE IMPACT OF THE ENTRY OF BIOSIMILARS}}: {{EVIDENCE FROM EUROPE}}},
  author = {Morton, Fiona M Scott and Stern, Ariel Dora and Stern, Scott},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/Y72KVWL9/Morton et al. - THE IMPACT OF THE ENTRY OF BIOSIMILARS EVIDENCE F.pdf}
}

@article{mullally_usingmachinelearning_,
  title = {Using {{Machine Learning}} to {{Estimate}} the {{Heterogeneous Eﬀects}} of {{Livestock Transfers}}},
  author = {Mullally, Conner and Rivas, Mayra and McArthur, Travis},
  abstract = {We evaluate a program in Guatemala offering training and transfers of a local chicken variety using a randomized phase-in design with imperfect compliance. We do not find strong evidence for or against positive average intent-to-treat effects on household-level outcomes, including indicators of expenditure, calorie and protein intake, diet quality, egg consumption and production, as well as chicken ownership and management. Among girls between the ages of six and months, we find that the program reduced stunting by . (± . ) percentage points, while also improving other height and weight outcomes. Boys are more likely to suffer from intestinal illness, which could explain differences in program impacts by gender. Using machine learning methods, we show that the poorest households enjoyed the largest impacts on diet quality and animal protein consumption, while children in the poorest households experienced the largest impacts on the probability of consuming animal source foods. Larger effects on animal source food consumption among children in relatively poor households did not translate into greater impacts on height or weight.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/9EKZSNB2/Mullally et al. - Using Machine Learning to Estimate the Heterogeneo.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/TWPK7PCU/Mullally et al. - Using Machine Learning to Estimate the Heterogeneo.pdf}
}

@online{munroe_methodologytrialxkcd_2023,
  title = {Methodology {{Trial}} ({{XKCD}})},
  author = {Munroe, Randall},
  date = {2023-01-18},
  url = {https://xkcd.com/2726/},
  urldate = {2023-04-12},
  organization = {xkcd},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/84AW2H22/2726.html}
}

@article{napper_protectearthsorbit_2023,
  title = {Protect {{Earth}}’s Orbit: {{Avoid}} High Seas Mistakes},
  shorttitle = {Protect {{Earth}}’s Orbit},
  author = {Napper, Imogen E. and Davies, Alasdair J. and Jah, Moriba and Miner, Kimberley R. and Thompson, Richard C. and Quinn, Melissa and Koldewey, Heather J.},
  date = {2023-03-10},
  journaltitle = {Science},
  shortjournal = {Science},
  volume = {379},
  number = {6636},
  pages = {990--991},
  issn = {0036-8075, 1095-9203},
  doi = {10.1126/science.adg8989},
  url = {https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adg8989},
  urldate = {2024-02-02},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/D58S3FQW/Napper et al. - 2023 - Protect Earth’s orbit Avoid high seas mistakes.pdf}
}

@online{nasastimedspacecraftmakeclose_2024,
  title = {{{NASA}}’s {{TIMED Spacecraft}} to {{Make Close Pass}} with {{Satellite}} – {{The Sun Spot}}},
  date = {2024-02-28},
  url = {https://blogs.nasa.gov/sunspot/2024/02/28/nasas-timed-spacecraft-to-make-close-pass-with-satellite/},
  urldate = {2024-03-04},
  langid = {american},
  keywords = {SatelliteCollision},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/NSVV9YMA/nasas-timed-spacecraft-to-make-close-pass-with-satellite.html}
}

@article{nash_equilibriumpointsperson_,
  title = {Equilibrium Points in n Person Games},
  author = {{nash}},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/EMB8HQQW/48.full_1658867276816_0.pdf}
}

@dataset{nationalhopreport1220_2023,
  title = {National {{Hop Report}} 12/20/2023},
  date = {2023},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/AXNBPEIW/2021 - National Hop Report 12202023.pdf}
}

@online{news_pentagonrussialikely_,
  title = {Pentagon: {{Russia}} Likely Launched Counter Space Weapon into Low {{Earth}} Orbit Last Week},
  shorttitle = {Pentagon},
  author = {News, A. B. C.},
  url = {https://abcnews.go.com/International/pentagon-russia-likely-launched-counter-space-weapon-low-earth-orbit/story?id=110448171},
  urldate = {2024-05-22},
  abstract = {The U.S. has assessed that Russia launched what is likely a counter space weapon last week that's now in the same orbit as a U.S. government satellite, the Pentagon said.},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {ABC News},
  keywords = {Anti-Satellite},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/8RFTKULP/story.html}
}

@article{nieto-villegas_effectsbeerattribute_2024,
  title = {Effects on Beer Attribute Preferences of Consumers' Attitudes towards Sustainability: {{The}} Case of Craft Beer and Beer Packaging},
  shorttitle = {Effects on Beer Attribute Preferences of Consumers' Attitudes towards Sustainability},
  author = {Nieto-Villegas, R. and Bernabéu, R. and Rabadán, A.},
  date = {2024-03},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Agriculture and Food Research},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Agriculture and Food Research},
  volume = {15},
  pages = {101050},
  issn = {26661543},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101050},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2666154324000875},
  urldate = {2024-05-18},
  abstract = {Beer consumers are becoming increasingly discerning about the products they buy, and the value they attach to sustainable brewing is growing. The aim of this research was to analyse how consumers’ attitudes towards sustainability influence their preferences for out-of-home beer. Different beer attributes were consider including price, beer packaging, type of brewing (industrial, craft) and the alcohol content of beer. The research also sought to identify consumer segments that exhibit more positive attitudes towards more sustainable beer pro­ duction. By using data from surveys of Spanish beer consumers, the results show that beer consumers that are more committed to sustainability are those that attach the least importance to price and are more interested in craft beers. The perception of craft beer as a more local or handcrafted is the proposed reason for this preference. In terms of beer packaging, this segment of more environmentally committed consumers value glass bottles over cans; however, they do not show a clear preference for keg beer, which would be a more sustainable form of consumption.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/JKNEDYZE/Nieto-Villegas et al. - 2024 - Effects on beer attribute preferences of consumers.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/L573BBI8/Nieto-Villegas et al. - 2024 - Effects on beer attribute preferences of consumers.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/YPQA8PBE/Nieto-Villegas et al. - 2024 - survey.docx}
}

@article{nourian_$epsilon$nashmeanfield_2013,
  title = {\$\textbackslash epsilon\$-{{Nash Mean Field Game Theory}} for {{Nonlinear Stochastic Dynamical Systems}} with {{Major}} and {{Minor Agents}}},
  author = {Nourian, Mojtaba and Caines, Peter E.},
  date = {2013-01},
  journaltitle = {SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization},
  shortjournal = {SIAM J. Control Optim.},
  volume = {51},
  number = {4},
  pages = {3302--3331},
  issn = {0363-0129, 1095-7138},
  doi = {10.1137/120889496},
  url = {http://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/120889496},
  urldate = {2023-06-18},
  abstract = {This paper studies large population dynamic games involving nonlinear stochastic dynamical systems with agents of the following mixed types: (i) a major agent and (ii) a population of N minor agents where N is very large. The major and minor agents are coupled via both (i) their individual nonlinear stochastic dynamics and (ii) their individual finite time horizon nonlinear cost functions. This problem is analyzed by the so-called -Nash mean field game theory. A distinct feature of the mixed agent mean field game problem is that even asymptotically (as the population size N approaches infinity) the noise process of the major agent causes random fluctuation of the mean field behavior of the minor agents. To deal with this, the overall asymptotic (N → ∞) mean field game problem is decomposed into (i) two nonstandard stochastic optimal control problems with random coefficient processes which yield forward adapted stochastic best response control processes determined from the solution of (backward in time) stochastic Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (SHJB) equations and (ii) two stochastic coefficient McKean–Vlasov (SMV) equations which characterize the state of the major agent and the measure determining the mean field behavior of the minor agents. This yields a stochastic mean field game (SMFG) system which is in contrast to the deterministic mean field game systems of standard MFG problems with only minor agents. Existence and uniqueness of the solutions to SMFG systems (SHJB and SMV equations) is established by a fixed point argument in the Wasserstein space of random probability measures. In the case where minor agents are coupled to the major agent only through their cost functions, the N -Nash equilibrium√ property of the SMFG best responses is shown for a finite N population system where N = O(1/ N ).},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/UCPB7U95/Nourian and Caines - 2013 - $epsilon$-Nash Mean Field Game Theory for Nonline.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/YGGQMQ6B/Nourian and Caines - 2013 - $epsilon$-Nash Mean Field Game Theory for Nonline.pdf}
}

@article{oehlsen_philanthropiccauseprioritization_2024,
  title = {Philanthropic {{Cause Prioritization}}},
  author = {Oehlsen, Emily},
  date = {2024-05-01},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
  volume = {38},
  number = {2},
  pages = {63--82},
  issn = {0895-3309},
  doi = {10.1257/jep.38.2.63},
  url = {https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/10.1257/jep.38.2.63},
  urldate = {2024-05-25},
  abstract = {Many foundations decide how much and where to give based on their founders' personal precommitments to specific issues, geographies, and/or institutions. If a grantmaking organization instead wanted to select problems based on a general measure of impact per dollar spent, how should it approach this goal? What tools could it use to identify promising cause areas (climate change, education, or health, for example) or to compare grants that achieve different results? This paper focuses on an approach followed by the grantmaking organization Open Philanthropy for its “Global Health and Wellbeing” portfolio, with an emphasis on two key frameworks: equalizing marginal philanthropic returns, as well as importance, neglectedness, and tractability. It describes measurement and comparability under the first framework, and then applies the second framework to the example of reducing exposure to lead. It concludes by considering critiques and areas for improvement.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/HXTN73AB/Oehlsen - 2024 - Philanthropic Cause Prioritization.pdf}
}

@online{officepublicaffairsjusticedepartment_2020,
  title = {Office of {{Public Affairs}} | {{Justice Department Announces Global Resolution}} of {{Criminal}} and {{Civil Investigations}} with {{Opioid Manufacturer Purdue Pharma}} and {{Civil Settlement}} with {{Members}} of the {{Sackler Family}} | {{United States Department}} of {{Justice}}},
  date = {2020-10-21T10:05:07-04:00},
  url = {https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-announces-global-resolution-criminal-and-civil-investigations-opioid},
  urldate = {2024-08-30},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/IGHDVTVY/justice-department-announces-global-resolution-criminal-and-civil-investigations-opioid.html}
}

@online{openssh_,
  title = {{{OpenSSH}}},
  url = {https://infosec.mozilla.org/guidelines/openssh},
  urldate = {2024-04-17},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/AILAUELY/openssh.html}
}

@article{orbitaldebrisquarterlynews2312_2019,
  entrysubtype = {magazine},
  title = {Orbital {{Debris Quarterly News}} 23-1\&2},
  date = {2019-05},
  journaltitle = {Orbital Debris Quarterly},
  volume = {23},
  issue = {1\&2},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {News,Orbital Debris},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/7D7D2SLR/OrbitalDebrisQuarterly_may2019.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/UEEBDFFD/OrbitalDebrisQuarterly_may2019.pdf}
}

@article{orbitaldebrisquarterlynews243_,
  entrysubtype = {magazine},
  title = {Orbital {{Debris Quarterly News}} 24-3},
  journaltitle = {Orbital Debris Quarterly},
  volume = {24},
  number = {3},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {News,Orbital Debris},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/H4NMBWUM/Orbital Debris Quarterly News 24-3.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/WY6GJ6GD/Orbital Debris Quarterly News 24-3.pdf}
}

@article{orbitaldebrisquarterlynews251_,
  entrysubtype = {magazine},
  title = {Orbital {{Debris Quarterly News}} 25-1},
  journaltitle = {Orbital Debris Quarterly},
  volume = {25},
  number = {1},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {News,Orbital Debris},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/C2IZSJTV/Orbital Debris Quarterly News 25-1.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/IEQ4G524/Orbital Debris Quarterly News 25-1.pdf}
}

@article{orbitaldebrisquarterlynews281_,
  entrysubtype = {magazine},
  title = {Orbital {{Debris Quarterly News}} 28-1},
  journaltitle = {Orbital Debris Quarterly},
  volume = {28},
  number = {1},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/MJF6CN5X/Orbital Debris Quarterly News 28-1.pdf}
}

@online{ordemcloud_,
  title = {{{ORDEM}} on the Cloud},
  url = {https://ordem.appdat.jsc.nasa.gov/},
  urldate = {2024-04-16},
  keywords = {Software},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/S4FGP4IL/ordem.appdat.jsc.nasa.gov.html}
}

@incollection{oumaimaalaouiismaili_supervisedmethodologymeasure_2014,
  title = {A {{Supervised Methodology}} to {{Measure}} the {{Variables Contribution}} to a {{Clustering}}},
  booktitle = {Neural {{Information Processing}}: 21st {{International Conference}}, {{ICONIP}} 2014, {{Kuching}}, {{Malaysia}}, {{November}} 3-6, 2014. {{Proceedings}}, {{Part I}}},
  author = {{Oumaima Alaoui Ismaili} and Lemaire, Vincent and Cornuéjols, Antoine},
  editor = {Loo, Chu Kiong and Yap, Keem Siah and Wong, Kok Wai and Teoh, Andrew and Huang, Kaizhu},
  date = {2014},
  series = {Lecture {{Notes}} in {{Computer Science}}},
  volume = {8834},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  location = {Cham},
  doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-12637-1},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-12637-1},
  urldate = {2024-06-15},
  abstract = {This article proposes a supervised approach to evaluate the contribution of explanatory variables to a clustering. The main idea is to learn to predict the instance membership to the clusters using each individual variable. All variables are then sorted with respect to their predictive power, which is measured using two evaluation criteria, i.e. accuracy (ACC)orAdjusted Rand Index (ARI). Once the relevant variables which contribute to the clustering discrimination have been determined, we filter outtheredundant ones thanks to a supervised method. The aim of this work is to help end-users to easily understand a clustering of high-dimensional data. Experimental results show that our proposed method is competitive with existing methods from the literature.},
  isbn = {978-3-319-12636-4 978-3-319-12637-1},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/4JAGEPQQ/Loo et al. - 2014 - Neural Information Processing 21st International .pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/TTDJFRIC/Ismaili et al. - 2014 - A Supervised Methodology to Measure the Variables .pdf}
}

@book{ozer_oxfordhandbookpricing_2012,
  title = {The {{Oxford}} Handbook of Pricing Management},
  editor = {Özer, Özalp and Phillips, Robert L. and Phillips, Robert L.},
  date = {2012},
  series = {Oxford Handbooks in Finance},
  edition = {1. ed., 1. impr},
  publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press},
  location = {Oxford},
  isbn = {978-0-19-954317-5 978-0-19-871481-1},
  langid = {english},
  pagetotal = {952},
  keywords = {Management,Pricing},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/DKDZGU5P/Özer and Phillips - 2012 - The Oxford handbook of pricing management.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/L3XDQNYA/Özer and Phillips - 2012 - The Oxford handbook of pricing management.epub}
}

@article{pakes_alternativemodelsmoment_,
  title = {Alternative {{Models}} for {{Moment Inequalities}}.},
  author = {Pakes, A},
  abstract = {Behavioral choice models generate inequalities which, when combined with additional assumptions, can be used as a basis for estimation. This paper considers two sets of such assumptions and uses them in two empirical examples. The second example examines the structure of payments resulting from the upstream interactions in a vertical market. We then mimic the empirical setting for this example in a numerical analysis which computes actual equilibria, examines how their characteristics vary with the market setting, and compares them to the empirical results. The final section uses the numerical results in a Monte Carlo analysis of the robustness of the two approaches to estimation to their underlying assumptions.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {To Process},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/TC99UJKY/Pakes - Alternative Models for Moment Inequalities..pdf}
}

@article{pakes_commonsensesimplicity_,
  title = {Common {{Sense}} and {{Simplicity}} in {{Empirical Industrial Organization}}},
  author = {Pakes, Ariel},
  abstract = {This paper is a revised version of a keynote address delivered at the inaugural International Industrial Organization Conference in Boston, April 2003. I argue that new econometric tools have facilitated the estimation of models with realistic theoretical underpinnings, and because of this, have made empirical I.O. much more useful. The tools solve computational problems thereby allowing us to make the relationship between the economic model and the estimating equations transparent. This, in turn, enables us to utilize the available data more effectively. It also facilitates robustness analysis and clarifies the assumptions needed to analyze the causes of past events and/or make predictions of the likely impacts of future policy or environmental changes. The paper provides examples illustrating the value of simulation for the estimation of demand systems and of semiparametrics for the estimation of entry models.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {To Process},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/X9AYNUF2/Pakes - Common Sense and Simplicity in Empirical Industria.pdf}
}

@report{pakes_frameworkapplieddynamic_2000,
  title = {A {{Framework}} for {{Applied Dynamic Analysis}} in {{I}}.{{O}}.},
  author = {Pakes, Ariel},
  date = {2000-12},
  number = {w8024},
  pages = {w8024},
  institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research},
  location = {Cambridge, MA},
  doi = {10.3386/w8024},
  url = {http://www.nber.org/papers/w8024.pdf},
  urldate = {2024-05-17},
  abstract = {This paper reviews a framework for numerically analyzing dynamic interactions in imperfectly competitive industries. The framework dates back to Ericson \& Pakes (1995), but it is based on equilibrium notions that had been available for some time before, and it has been extended in many ways by different authors since. The framework requires as input a set of primitives which describe the institutional structure in the industry to be analyzed. The framework outputs profits and policies for every incumbent and potential entrant at each possible state of the industry. These policies can be used to simulate the distribution of sample paths for all firms from any initial industry structure. The sample paths generated by the model can be quite different depending on the primitives, and most of the extensions were designed to enable the framework to accommodate empirically relevant cases that required modification of the initial structure. The sample paths possess similar properties to those observed in (the recently available) panel data sets on industries. These sample paths can be used either for an analysis of the likely response to a policy or an environmental change, or as the model’s implication in an estimation algorithm.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {To Process},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/8EV5PYA2/Pakes - 2000 - A Framework for Applied Dynamic Analysis in I.O..pdf}
}

@article{pakes_reconsiderationhedonicprice_,
  title = {A {{Reconsideration}} of {{Hedonic Price Indexes}} with an {{Application}} to {{PC}}’s.},
  author = {Pakes, Ariel},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {To Process},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/44UCKG53/Pakes - A Reconsideration of Hedonic Price Indexes with an.pdf}
}

@article{pardo_timelimitsreinforcement_,
  title = {Time {{Limits}} in {{Reinforcement Learning}}},
  author = {Pardo, Fabio and Tavakoli, Arash and Levdik, Vitaly and Kormushev, Petar},
  abstract = {In reinforcement learning, it is common to let an agent interact for a fixed amount of time with its environment before resetting it and repeating the process in a series of episodes. The task that the agent has to learn can either be to maximize its performance over (i) that fixed period, or (ii) an indefinite period where time limits are only used during training to diversify experience. In this paper, we provide a formal account for how time limits could effectively be handled in each of the two cases and explain why not doing so can cause state-aliasing and invalidation of experience replay, leading to suboptimal policies and training instability. In case (i), we argue that the terminations due to time limits are in fact part of the environment, and thus a notion of the remaining time should be included as part of the agent’s input to avoid violation of the Markov property. In case (ii), the time limits are not part of the environment and are only used to facilitate learning. We argue that this insight should be incorporated by bootstrapping from the value of the state at the end of each partial episode. For both cases, we illustrate empirically the significance of our considerations in improving the performance and stability of existing reinforcement learning algorithms, showing state-of-the-art results on several control tasks.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/CV9RPB4M/Pardo et al. - Time Limits in Reinforcement Learning.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/PLWZ8AAG/Pardo et al. - Time Limits in Reinforcement Learning.pdf}
}

@online{parker_coorspuremolson_2021,
  title = {Coors {{Pure}}, {{Molson Coors}}' First Organic Beer in the {{U}}.{{S}}., Set to Debut in {{March}}},
  author = {Parker, Alex},
  date = {2021-02-03T21:43:22-06:00},
  url = {https://www.molsoncoorsblog.com/news/coors-pure-molson-coors-first-organic-beer-us-set-debut-march},
  urldate = {2024-01-14},
  abstract = {Molson Coors Beverage Company is set to release its first USDA-certified organic beer next month when Coors Pure hits shelves in the United States. Made with organic hops, organic barley and water, Coors Pure is a sessionable, above-premium beer that meets consumers’ desire for better-for-you products, says Nigel Jones, senior marketing manager for the Coors family of beers.},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {Molson Coors Beer \& Beyond},
  keywords = {Organic,Press Release},
  annotation = {Internet Archive URL},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/ALGPPVK2/coors-pure-molson-coors-first-organic-beer-us-set-debut-march.html}
}

@article{pearl_causaldiagramsempirical_,
  title = {Causal Diagrams for Empirical Research},
  author = {Pearl, Judea},
  abstract = {The primary aim of this paper is to show how graphical models can be used as a mathematical language for integrating statistical and subject-matter information. In particular, the paper develops a principled, nonparametric framework for causal inference, in which diagrams are queried to determine if the assumptions available are sufficient for identifying causal effects from nonexperimental data. If so the diagrams can be queried to produce mathematical expressions for causal effects in terms of observed distributions; otherwise, the diagrams can be queried to suggest additional observations or auxiliary experiments from which the desired inferences can be obtained.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/M6ZSBMYN/Pearl - Causal diagrams for empirical research.pdf}
}

@book{pearl_causalitymodelsreasoning_2009,
  title = {Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference},
  shorttitle = {Causality},
  author = {Pearl, Judea},
  date = {2009},
  edition = {2},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  location = {Cambridge, U.K. ; New York},
  isbn = {978-0-521-89560-6 978-0-521-77362-1},
  langid = {english},
  pagetotal = {384},
  keywords = {Causation,Probabilities},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/8GZJS832/Pearl - 2000 - Causality models, reasoning, and inference.pdf}
}

@article{pearl_commentunderstandingsimpsons_2014,
  title = {Comment: {{Understanding Simpson}}’s {{Paradox}}},
  shorttitle = {Comment},
  author = {Pearl, Judea},
  date = {2014-01-02},
  journaltitle = {The American Statistician},
  shortjournal = {The American Statistician},
  volume = {68},
  number = {1},
  pages = {8--13},
  issn = {0003-1305, 1537-2731},
  doi = {10.1080/00031305.2014.876829},
  url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00031305.2014.876829},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/48NUG83E/Pearl - 2014 - Comment Understanding Simpson’s Paradox.pdf}
}

@article{pearl_introductioncausalinference_2010,
  title = {An {{Introduction}} to {{Causal Inference}}},
  author = {Pearl, Judea},
  date = {2010-01-26},
  journaltitle = {The International Journal of Biostatistics},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  issn = {1557-4679},
  doi = {10.2202/1557-4679.1203},
  url = {https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.2202/1557-4679.1203/html},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {This paper summarizes recent advances in causal inference and underscores the paradigmatic shifts that must be undertaken in moving from traditional statistical analysis to causal analysis of multivariate data. Special emphasis is placed on the assumptions that underlie all causal inferences, the languages used in formulating those assumptions, the conditional nature of all causal and counterfactual claims, and the methods that have been developed for the assessment of such claims. These advances are illustrated using a general theory of causation based on the Structural Causal Model (SCM) described in Pearl (2000a), which subsumes and unifies other approaches to causation, and provides a coherent mathematical foundation for the analysis of causes and counterfactuals. In particular, the paper surveys the development of mathematical tools for inferring (from a combination of data and assumptions) answers to three types of causal queries: those about (1) the effects of potential interventions, (2) probabilities of counterfactuals, and (3) direct and indirect effects (also known as “mediation”). Finally, the paper defines the formal and conceptual relationships between the structural and potential-outcome frameworks and presents tools for a symbiotic analysis that uses the strong features of both. The tools are demonstrated in the analyses of mediation, causes of effects, and probabilities of causation.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/B9GB9RLL/Pearl - 2010 - An Introduction to Causal Inference.pdf}
}

@standard{pesticideresiduefreecertificationstandard_2018,
  title = {Pesticide {{Residue Free Certification Standard}}},
  date = {2018-05},
  publisher = {SCS Global},
  location = {Emeryville, CA, USA},
  url = {www.SCSglobalServices.com},
  abstract = {The Pesticide Residue Free Certification Program (the “Program”) has been established to:  Reduce consumers’ risk of exposure to pesticide residues in foods they consume;  Enable producers to demonstrate compliance with Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) worldwide;  Enable producers to demonstrate compliance with food processor and manufacturer residue purity requirements;  Enable producers to demonstrate compliance with organic certification requirements;  Enable producers to demonstrate compliance with testing requirements of GlobalG.A.P., Tesco Nature’s Choice, SQF, and other food safety programs;  Educate producers about the pesticide residue profile of their products;  Provide recognition to producers who have fine-tuned their production strategies to minimize or eliminate reliance on chemical pesticides; and  Increase confidence among handlers and purchasers in the value chain about the residue profiles of purchased products to help them meet their food residue purity goals. The Pesticide Residue Free Certification Standard (the “Standard”) is the basis for certification under the Pesticide Residue Free Certification Program (the “Program”).},
  langid = {english},
  pagetotal = {16},
  version = {3-1},
  keywords = {Pesticide Free,Product Labelling,Published Standards},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/N53KLMMN/Street - 2018 - Pesticide Residue Free Certification Standard.pdf}
}

@article{peters_ergodicityproblemeconomics_2019,
  title = {The Ergodicity Problem in Economics},
  author = {Peters, Ole},
  date = {2019-12},
  journaltitle = {Nature Physics},
  shortjournal = {Nat. Phys.},
  volume = {15},
  number = {12},
  pages = {1216--1221},
  issn = {1745-2473, 1745-2481},
  doi = {10.1038/s41567-019-0732-0},
  url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-019-0732-0},
  urldate = {2023-06-19},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/TEHQFA8Z/Peters - 2019 - The ergodicity problem in economics.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/ZQZQT3GT/Peters - 2019 - The ergodicity problem in economics.pdf}
}

@article{petersen_httpmatrixcookbookcom_,
  title = {[ {{http://matrixcookbook.com}} ]},
  author = {Petersen, Kaare Brandt and Pedersen, Michael Syskind},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/PJXTI3PV/Petersen and Pedersen - [ httpmatrixcookbook.com ].pdf}
}

@article{pillai_unexpectedencountercauchy_2016,
  title = {An Unexpected Encounter with {{Cauchy}} and {{Lévy}}},
  author = {Pillai, Natesh S. and Meng, Xiao-Li},
  date = {2016-10-01},
  journaltitle = {The Annals of Statistics},
  shortjournal = {Ann. Statist.},
  volume = {44},
  number = {5},
  issn = {0090-5364},
  doi = {10.1214/15-AOS1407},
  url = {https://projecteuclid.org/journals/annals-of-statistics/volume-44/issue-5/An-unexpected-encounter-with-Cauchy-and-L%c3%a9vy/10.1214/15-AOS1407.full},
  urldate = {2024-01-06},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/XGENS864/Pillai and Meng - 2016 - An unexpected encounter with Cauchy and Lévy.pdf}
}

@article{podkaminer_brettonwoodssystem_,
  title = {From the {{Bretton Woods}} System to Global Stagnation},
  author = {Podkaminer, Leon},
  number = {109},
  abstract = {After the demise of the Bretton Woods system, the world economy entered an era of deepening liberalisation at both the national and the international level. There has been a phenomenal rise in international trade. Surprisingly, this has halved the growth rate of global GDP – and has yielded many other undesirable outcomes. This article argues that this is all the result of excessive trade imbalances emerging under liberalised trade and capital flow arrangements, as well as the ‘race to the bottom’ with respect to wages.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Bad Econ},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/YTTJJDC4/Podkaminer109.pdf}
}

@article{poelmans_beerorganiclabels_2017,
  title = {Beer and {{Organic Labels}}: {{Do Belgian Consumers Care}}?},
  shorttitle = {Beer and {{Organic Labels}}},
  author = {Poelmans, Eline and Rousseau, Sandra},
  date = {2017-08-24},
  journaltitle = {Sustainability},
  shortjournal = {Sustainability},
  volume = {9},
  number = {9},
  pages = {1509},
  issn = {2071-1050},
  doi = {10.3390/su9091509},
  url = {http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/9/1509},
  urldate = {2024-06-07},
  abstract = {We investigate whether beer drinkers are willing to pay a price premium for organic beer compared to conventional beer. Moreover, we identify subgroups of consumers with different preference patterns by investigating whether specific personal characteristics of the purchasers have an influence on this willingness-to-pay. Specifically, results are reported from a survey including a stated choice experiment of consumer decisions concerning beer purchases in Flanders (Belgium), focusing on organic labels. A non-probabilistic sampling method was used over the Internet and 334 responses were useable for the empirical analysis. Each respondent was asked to choose their preferred beer from a series of nine choice cards describing three different beer varieties. In this respect, we created a two-block design, each consisting of nine choice cards. Each respondent was randomly presented with one of the two blocks, so that an equal distribution of the blocks could be obtained. Overall, we find that our sample is statistically indifferent between a beer with an organic label and a similar beer without an organic label. This is in line with previous research that stated that consumers are unwilling to pay high price premiums for organic vice products, such as beer. We find no statistically different preferences for male or female respondents, or for members or non-members of nature protection organizations. However, we find a significant difference (p-value = 0.029) between primary beer shoppers who have a zero willingness-to-pay (WTP) for organic beer compared to similar non-organic beer and the reference group that has a negative WTP of 14 Euro per 1.5 L for organic beer. In addition, the WTP for beer drinkers older than 40 (negative WTP of 22 Euro per 1.5 L) and the WTP for frequent beer drinkers (zero WTP) are statistically different from the reference group (p-value = 0.019 and 0.000 respectively).},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/JP65H4WG/Poelmans and Rousseau - 2017 - Beer and Organic Labels Do Belgian Consumers Care.pdf}
}

@misc{polard_generatingfunctiontransforms_1997,
  title = {Generating {{Function}} and {{Transforms}}},
  author = {Polard, David},
  date = {1997-12-02},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/4I9E7UFB/Generating.pdf}
}

@book{powell_reinforcementlearningstochastic_2022,
  title = {Reinforcement {{Learning}} and {{Stochastic Optimization}}: {{A Unified Framework}} for {{Sequential Decisions}}},
  shorttitle = {Reinforcement {{Learning}} and {{Stochastic Optimization}}},
  author = {Powell, Warren B.},
  date = {2022-04-02},
  edition = {1},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  doi = {10.1002/9781119815068},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781119815068},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  isbn = {978-1-119-81503-7 978-1-119-81506-8},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Machine learning,Reinforcement learning},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/8T66VUAL/Powell - 2022 - Reinforcement Learning and Stochastic Optimization.pdf}
}

@report{prest_rtcsmachinecan_2021,
  type = {Working Paper},
  title = {{{RTCs}} against the Machine: {{Can Machine Learning Prediction Methods Recover Experimental Treatment Effects}}?},
  author = {Prest, Brian C. and Wichman, Casey J. and Palmer, Karen},
  date = {2021-09},
  number = {21--30},
  institution = {Resources for the Future},
  abstract = {We investigate how well machine learning counterfactual prediction tools can estimate causal treatment effects. We use three prediction algorithms—XGBoost, random forests, and LASSO—to estimate treatment effects using observational data. We compare those results to causal effects from a randomized experiment for electricity customers who faced critical-peak pricing and information treatments. Our results show that each algorithm replicates the true treatment effects, even when using data from treated households only. Additionally, when using both treatment households and nonexperimental comparison households, simpler difference-in-differences methods replicate the experimental benchmark, suggesting little benefit from ML approaches over standard program evaluation methods.},
  keywords = {Causal Inference,Electricity Demand,Machine learning},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/U5DQKIUF/_.pdf}
}

@article{primont_inadaconditionslaw_,
  title = {Inada {{Conditions}} and the {{Law}} of {{Diminishing Returns}}},
  author = {Primont, Daniel and Fare, Rolf},
  abstract = {Inada (1963) provided properties of the production function that are useful in the study of economic growth. Shephard (1970a) provided an axiomatic approach to the study of production theory. He applied these axioms to give a formal statement of the law of diminishing returns (Shephard, 1970b). In this paper we demonstrate that the Inada conditions and the law of diminishing returns, as articulated by Shephard, are fundamentally inconsistent. Thus one is forced to make a choice between the two models when studying productivity and growth.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/DQJ9TNXK/Primont and Fare - Inada Conditions and the Law of Diminishing Return.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/KDSA5AQF/Primont and Fare - Inada Conditions and the Law of Diminishing Return.pdf}
}

@online{published_missnasasatellite_2024,
  title = {Near Miss! {{NASA}} Satellite, Dead {{Russian}} Spacecraft Zoom Past Each Other in Orbit},
  author = {{published}, Mike Wall},
  date = {2024-02-28T20:08:48Z},
  url = {https://www.space.com/near-collision-nasa-timed-satellite-russian-space-junk},
  urldate = {2024-03-04},
  abstract = {The two craft came within about 65 feet (20 meters) of each other this morning (Feb. 28).},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {Space.com},
  keywords = {SatelliteCollision},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/5A87EAND/near-collision-nasa-timed-satellite-russian-space-junk.html}
}

@article{railey_economicbenefitsdiagnostic_2021,
  title = {Economic {{Benefits}} of {{Diagnostic Testing}} in {{Livestock}}: {{Anaplasmosis}} in {{Cattle}}},
  shorttitle = {Economic {{Benefits}} of {{Diagnostic Testing}} in {{Livestock}}},
  author = {Railey, Ashley F. and Marsh, Thomas L.},
  date = {2021-08-03},
  journaltitle = {Frontiers in Veterinary Science},
  shortjournal = {Front. Vet. Sci.},
  volume = {8},
  pages = {626420},
  issn = {2297-1769},
  doi = {10.3389/fvets.2021.626420},
  url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.626420/full},
  urldate = {2024-05-16},
  abstract = {Anaplasmosis is a costly livestock disease that persists across the United States and the world. While the traditional control options of feed additives, vaccination, and post-infection antibiotic treatments exist, the highly infectious, often asymptomatic onset of anaplasmosis in cattle makes the optimal combination of disease control measures uncertain. Reducing the infection uncertainty through early detection may help producer management decisions and reduce the economic impact of anaplasmosis. To address this, we calculate the costs of applying a range of anaplasmosis control decisions for a representative cow-calf producer in the United States and extend existing analyses to incorporate early detection through diagnostic testing. We use parameters from extant literature, including for mortality, morbidity, and treatment costs to populate a stochastic, dynamic model. Updating the cost estimates finds that production losses account for the majority of anaplasmosis costs, following previous empirical estimates. Using these estimates in our decision model, the outcomes suggest that diagnostic testing with preventative treatments is the optimal herd management strategy. By further framing our findings in the context of three anaplasmosis infection regions in the United States (endemic, disease free, non-endemic buffer), we show that additional considerations exist, which can make sub-optimal control strategies competitive. Our analysis provides an initial exploration of the economic feasibility of diagnostic testing, while helping to assess the burden of anaplasmosis more accurately.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Dynamic Game Theory,Dynamic Programming},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/7W3334JE/Railey and Marsh - 2021 - Economic Benefits of Diagnostic Testing in Livesto.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/X7FRP3YR/Data Sheet 1.pdf}
}

@online{rainforth_modernbayesianexperimental_2023,
  title = {Modern {{Bayesian Experimental Design}}},
  author = {Rainforth, Tom and Foster, Adam and Ivanova, Desi R. and Smith, Freddie Bickford},
  date = {2023-11-29},
  eprint = {2302.14545},
  eprinttype = {arXiv},
  eprintclass = {cs, stat},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2302.14545},
  urldate = {2024-05-17},
  abstract = {Bayesian experimental design (BED) provides a powerful and general framework for optimizing the design of experiments. However, its deployment often poses substantial computational challenges that can undermine its practical use. In this review, we outline how recent advances have transformed our ability to overcome these challenges and thus utilize BED effectively, before discussing some key areas for future development in the field. Key words and phrases: Bayesian optimal design, Bayesian adaptive design, active learning, adaptive design optimization, information maximization.},
  langid = {english},
  pubstate = {prepublished},
  keywords = {Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence,Computer Science - Machine Learning,Experimental Design,Statistics - Computation,Statistics - Machine Learning},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/5Y9FSZFP/Rainforth et al. - 2023 - Modern Bayesian Experimental Design.pdf}
}

@article{raissi_physicsinformedneuralnetworks_2019,
  title = {Physics-Informed Neural Networks: {{A}} Deep Learning Framework for Solving Forward and Inverse Problems Involving Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations},
  shorttitle = {Physics-Informed Neural Networks},
  author = {Raissi, M. and Perdikaris, P. and Karniadakis, G.E.},
  date = {2019-02},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Computational Physics},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Computational Physics},
  volume = {378},
  pages = {686--707},
  issn = {00219991},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jcp.2018.10.045},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0021999118307125},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Deep Learning,Machine learning,Neural Networks},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/4ZCDB2WR/Raissi et al. - 2019 - Physics-informed neural networks A deep learning .pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/JZWQLLGS/Raissi et al. - 2019 - Physics-informed neural networks A deep learning .pdf}
}

@online{randmedicaloutcomessurvye20item_,
  title = {{{RAND Medical Outcomes Survye}}: 20-{{Item Short Form Survey Instrument}}},
  url = {https://www.rand.org/health-care/surveys_tools/mos/20-item-short-form/survey-instrument.html},
  urldate = {2023-05-08},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {Rand Medical Outcomes Survey},
  annotation = {1776 Main Street Santa Monica\\
California 90401-3208},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/NNLSFCWY/20-Item Short Form Survey Instrument RAND.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/RK8AKHAT/survey-instrument.html}
}

@thesis{rao_economicsorbituse_,
  title = {The {{Economics}} of {{Orbit Use}}: {{Theory}}, {{Policy}}, and {{Measurement}}},
  author = {Rao, Akhil},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Orbital Debris,Satellites},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/E3H5Y5K2/Rao - The Economics of Orbit Use Theory, Policy, and Me.pdf}
}

@article{rao_openaccessorbit_,
  title = {Open Access to Orbit and Runaway Space Debris Growth},
  author = {Rao, Akhil and Rondina, Giacomo},
  abstract = {As Earth’s orbital space fills with satellites and debris, debris-producing collisions between orbiting bodies become more likely. Runaway space debris growth, known as Kessler Syndrome, may render Earth’s orbits unusable for centuries. We present a dynamic physicoeconomic model of Earth orbit use under rational expectations with endogenous collision risk and Kessler Syndrome. When satellites can be destroyed in collisions with debris and other satellites, there is a manifold of open-access equilibria rather than a unique equilibrium. When debris can collide to produce more debris, this manifold allows Kessler Syndrome to occur along equilibrium paths. We show open access is increasingly and inefficiently likely to cause Kessler Syndrome as satellites become more profitable, highlighting the need for orbital-use management.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/5NNMEKKF/Rao and Rondina - Open access to orbit and runaway space debris grow.pdf}
}

@online{rao_openaccessorbit_2022,
  title = {Open Access to Orbit and Runaway Space Debris Growth},
  author = {Rao, Akhil and Rondina, Giacomo},
  date = {2022-02-16},
  abstract = {As Earth’s orbital space fills with satellites and debris, debris-producing collisions between orbiting bodies become more likely. Runaway space debris growth, known as Kessler Syndrome, may render Earth’s orbits unusable for centuries. We present a dynamic physicoeconomic model of Earth orbit use under rational expectations with endogenous collision risk and Kessler Syndrome. When satellites can be destroyed in collisions with debris and other satellites, there is a manifold of open-access equilibria rather than a unique equilibrium. When debris can collide to produce more debris, this manifold allows Kessler Syndrome to occur along equilibrium paths. We show open access is increasingly and inefficiently likely to cause Kessler Syndrome as satellites become more profitable, highlighting the need for orbital-use management.},
  langid = {english},
  pubstate = {prepublished},
  keywords = {Orbit Managment,Orbital Debris},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/EHM7JY5L/Open_access_to_orbit_and_runaway_space_debris_grow.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/LGACXKRC/Rao and Rondina - Open access to orbit and runaway space debris grow.pdf}
}

@thesis{rapisarda_organicbeerare_2023,
  title = {Organic {{Beer}}: Are {{German}} Consumers Willing to Pay for Ecological Labelling?},
  author = {Rapisarda, Eleonora},
  date = {2023-01-12},
  institution = {Technische Universität München},
  langid = {english},
  pagetotal = {110},
  keywords = {Discrete Choice Experiment,Organic,Product Labelling},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/6GCAAVL6/Thesis_ Rapisarda_03737001(1).pdf}
}

@inreference{ratiodistribution_2023,
  title = {Ratio Distribution},
  booktitle = {Wikipedia},
  date = {2023-12-08T23:58:43Z},
  url = {https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ratio_distribution&oldid=1188989306#Correlated_central_normal_ratio},
  urldate = {2024-01-06},
  abstract = {A ratio distribution (also known as a quotient distribution) is a probability distribution constructed as the distribution of the ratio of random variables having two other known distributions. Given two (usually independent) random variables X and Y, the distribution of the random variable Z that is formed as the ratio Z = X/Y is a ratio distribution. An example is the Cauchy distribution (also called the normal ratio distribution), which comes about as the ratio of two normally distributed variables with zero mean. Two other distributions often used in test-statistics are also ratio distributions:  the t-distribution arises from a Gaussian random variable divided by an independent chi-distributed random variable,  while the F-distribution originates from the ratio of two independent chi-squared distributed random variables. More general ratio distributions have been considered in the literature.Often the ratio distributions are heavy-tailed, and it may be difficult to work with such distributions and develop an associated statistical test. A method based on the median has been suggested as a "work-around".},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Statistical Distributions},
  annotation = {Page Version ID: 1188989306},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/4ILS9PAX/Ratio_distribution.html}
}

@article{reedjohnson_constructingexperimentaldesigns_2013,
  title = {Constructing {{Experimental Designs}} for {{Discrete-Choice Experiments}}: {{Report}} of the {{ISPOR Conjoint Analysis Experimental Design Good Research Practices Task Force}}},
  shorttitle = {Constructing {{Experimental Designs}} for {{Discrete-Choice Experiments}}},
  author = {Reed Johnson, F. and Lancsar, Emily and Marshall, Deborah and Kilambi, Vikram and Mühlbacher, Axel and Regier, Dean A. and Bresnahan, Brian W. and Kanninen, Barbara and Bridges, John F.P.},
  date = {2013-01},
  journaltitle = {Value in Health},
  shortjournal = {Value in Health},
  volume = {16},
  number = {1},
  pages = {3--13},
  issn = {10983015},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jval.2012.08.2223},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1098301512041629},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {Stated-preference methods are a class of evaluation techniques for studying the preferences of patients and other stakeholders. While these methods span a variety of techniques, conjoint-analysis methods—and particularly discrete-choice experiments (DCEs)—have become the most frequently applied approach in health care in recent years. Experimental design is an important stage in the development of such methods, but establishing a consensus on standards is hampered by lack of understanding of available techniques and software. This report builds on the previous ISPOR Conjoint Analysis Task Force Report: Conjoint Analysis Applications in Health—A Checklist: A Report of the ISPOR Good Research Practices for Conjoint Analysis Task Force. This report aims to assist researchers specifically in evaluating alternative approaches to experimental design, a difficult and important element of successful DCEs. While this report does not endorse any specific approach, it does provide a guide for choosing an approach that is appropriate for a particular study. In particular, it provides an overview of the role of experimental designs for the successful implementation of the DCE approach in health care studies, and it provides researchers with an introduction to constructing experimental designs on the basis of study objectives and the statistical model researchers have selected for the study. The report outlines the theoretical requirements for designs that identify choice-model preference parameters and summarizes and compares a number of available approaches for constructing experimental designs. The task-force leadership group met via bimonthly teleconferences and in person at ISPOR meetings in the United States and Europe. An international group of experimental-design experts was consulted during this process to discuss existing approaches for experimental design and to review the task force’s draft reports. In addition, ISPOR members contributed to developing a consensus report by submitting written comments during the review process and oral comments during two forum presentations at the ISPOR 16th and 17th Annual International Meetings held in Baltimore (2011) and Washington, DC (2012).},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Best Practices,Experimental Design},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/3SBRQZJV/Reed Johnson et al. - 2013 - Constructing Experimental Designs for Discrete-Cho.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/YE3M7DN3/Reed Johnson et al. - 2013 - Constructing Experimental Designs for Discrete-Cho.pdf}
}

@misc{reportjointinquiryterroristattacks_,
  title = {{{REPORT OF THE JOINT INQUIRY INTO THE TERRORIST ATTACKS OF SEPTEMBER}} 11, 2001 {{BY THE HOUSE PERMANENT SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE AND THE SENATE SELECT COMMITTEE ON INTELLIGENCE}}},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/XRZZID3X/_.pdf}
}

@article{research_orangebookpreface_2023,
  title = {Orange {{Book Preface}}},
  author = {family=Research, given=Center for Drug Evaluation, prefix=and, useprefix=false},
  year = {Tue, 01/24/2023 - 11:54},
  journaltitle = {FDA},
  publisher = {FDA},
  url = {https://www.fda.gov/drugs/development-approval-process-drugs/orange-book-preface},
  urldate = {2023-04-08},
  abstract = {Preface to Orange Book provides info on how the book came to be, relevant terms and codes, user responsibilities and more.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/Y6J65VD2/orange-book-preface.html}
}

@article{revelt_mixedlogitrepeated_1998,
  title = {Mixed {{Logit}} with {{Repeated Choices}}: {{Households}}' {{Choices}} of {{Appliance Efficiency Level}}},
  shorttitle = {Mixed {{Logit}} with {{Repeated Choices}}},
  author = {Revelt, David and Train, Kenneth},
  date = {1998-11},
  journaltitle = {Review of Economics and Statistics},
  shortjournal = {Review of Economics and Statistics},
  volume = {80},
  number = {4},
  pages = {647--657},
  issn = {0034-6535, 1530-9142},
  doi = {10.1162/003465398557735},
  url = {https://direct.mit.edu/rest/article/80/4/647-657/57083},
  urldate = {2023-05-12},
  abstract = {Mixed logit models, also called random-parameters or errorcomponents logit, are a generalization of standard logit that do not exhibit the restrictive "independence from irrelevant alternatives" property and explicitly account for correlations in unobserved utility over repeated choices by each customer. Mixed logits are estimated for households' choices of appliances under utility-sponsored programs that offer rebates or loans on high-efficiency appliances.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Econometric Models,Mixed Logit,Theoretical},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/WXQFE6K8/Revelt and Train - 1998 - Mixed Logit with Repeated Choices Households' Cho.pdf}
}

@online{ribeiro_whyshouldtrust_2016,
  title = {"{{Why Should I Trust You}}?": {{Explaining}} the {{Predictions}} of {{Any Classifier}}},
  shorttitle = {"{{Why Should I Trust You}}?},
  author = {Ribeiro, Marco Tulio and Singh, Sameer and Guestrin, Carlos},
  date = {2016-08-09},
  eprint = {1602.04938},
  eprinttype = {arXiv},
  eprintclass = {cs, stat},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1602.04938},
  urldate = {2024-06-15},
  abstract = {Despite widespread adoption, machine learning models remain mostly black boxes. Understanding the reasons behind predictions is, however, quite important in assessing trust, which is fundamental if one plans to take action based on a prediction, or when choosing whether to deploy a new model. Such understanding also provides insights into the model, which can be used to transform an untrustworthy model or prediction into a trustworthy one. In this work, we propose LIME, a novel explanation technique that explains the predictions of any classifier in an interpretable and faithful manner, by learning an interpretable model locally around the prediction. We also propose a method to explain models by presenting representative individual predictions and their explanations in a non-redundant way, framing the task as a submodular optimization problem. We demonstrate the flexibility of these methods by explaining different models for text (e.g. random forests) and image classification (e.g. neural networks). We show the utility of explanations via novel experiments, both simulated and with human subjects, on various scenarios that require trust: deciding if one should trust a prediction, choosing between models, improving an untrustworthy classifier, and identifying why a classifier should not be trusted.},
  langid = {english},
  pubstate = {prepublished},
  keywords = {Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence,Computer Science - Machine Learning,Statistics - Machine Learning},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/CVQ5WGPA/Ribeiro et al. - 2016 - Why Should I Trust You Explaining the Predicti.pdf}
}

@article{rodolfi_hopbeerinfluence_2023,
  title = {From {{Hop}} to {{Beer}}: {{Influence}} of {{Different Organic Foliar Fertilisation Treatments}} on {{Hop Oil Profile}} and {{Derived Beers}}’ {{Flavour}}},
  shorttitle = {From {{Hop}} to {{Beer}}},
  author = {Rodolfi, Margherita and Valentoni, Antonio and Pretti, Luca and Sanna, Manuela and Guidotti, Simone and Marchioni, Ilaria and Ganino, Tommaso},
  date = {2023-04-30},
  journaltitle = {Plants},
  shortjournal = {Plants},
  volume = {12},
  number = {9},
  pages = {1861},
  issn = {2223-7747},
  doi = {10.3390/plants12091861},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/9/1861},
  urldate = {2024-05-17},
  abstract = {Foliar fertilisation is known to influence the physiological response of Humulus lupulus (hop plants), but its effect on the flavour profile of beer still has to be investigated. By comparing the effects of four fertilisation treatments, this study aims at determining whether different foliar fertilisation treatments have a significant impact on hop plants’ aromatic quality and that of the beer produced. Hop cones harvested from each experimental treatment were brewed to obtain five single dry-hopped beers, which were subsequently analysed. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS) and electronic nose (Cyranose 320) analyses were performed on the hop cones, while headspace solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry HS-SPME-GC-MS, electronic nose and sensory analyses were carried out on the beers produced. The analyses not only allowed for a differentiation between the hops from the four fertilisation treatments and the control but also enabled a differentiation between the beers produced for their identification. Sensory evaluation revealed consumer preferences regarding the dry-hopped beers analysed, evidencing their distinctive features, including significant differences in both aroma and flavour.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {To Process},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/M2LH579V/Rodolfi et al. - 2023 - From Hop to Beer Influence of Different Organic F.pdf}
}

@article{rsoy_semimarkovdecisionprocesses_,
  title = {{{SEMI-MARKOV DECISION PROCESSES}}},
  author = {Rsoy, Melike Baykal-Gu},
  journaltitle = {MARKOV DECISION PROCESSES},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/FTT32C56/Rsoy - SEMI-MARKOV DECISION PROCESSES.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/WULJYKBV/Rsoy - SEMI-MARKOV DECISION PROCESSES.pdf}
}

@article{rubin_bayesianinferencecausal_1978,
  title = {Bayesian {{Inference}} for {{Causal Effects}}: The Role of Randomization},
  author = {Rubin, Donald B},
  date = {1978},
  journaltitle = {The Annals of Statistics},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {34--58},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Bayesian,Causality,Statistics,Theory},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/2PAKJ4T3/Bayesian Inferrence for causal analysis.pdf}
}

@online{rxnorm_,
  type = {Product, Program, and Project Descriptions},
  title = {{{RxNorm}}},
  author = {{U.S. National Library of Medicine}},
  publisher = {U.S. National Library of Medicine},
  url = {https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm/index.html},
  urldate = {2023-04-08},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/UPPXYYW6/index.html}
}

@article{salnikov_simplicialcomplexescomplex_2019,
  title = {Simplicial Complexes and Complex Systems},
  author = {Salnikov, Vsevolod and Cassese, Daniele and Lambiotte, Renaud},
  date = {2019-01-01},
  journaltitle = {European Journal of Physics},
  shortjournal = {Eur. J. Phys.},
  volume = {40},
  number = {1},
  pages = {014001},
  issn = {0143-0807, 1361-6404},
  doi = {10.1088/1361-6404/aae790},
  url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6404/aae790},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {We provide a short introduction to the field of topological data analysis (TDA) and discuss its possible relevance for the study of complex systems. TDA provides a set of tools to characterise the shape of data, in terms of the presence of holes or cavities between the points. The methods, based on the notion of simplicial complexes, generalise standard network tools by naturally allowing for many-body interactions and providing results robust under continuous deformations of the data. We present strengths and weaknesses of current methods, as well as a range of empirical studies relevant to the field of complex systems, before identifying future methodological challenges to help understand the emergence of collective phenomena.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/37L5GUKS/Salnikov et al. - 2019 - Simplicial complexes and complex systems.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/WDXXQEVY/Salnikov et al. - 2019 - Simplicial complexes and complex systems.pdf}
}

@article{sandor_profileconstructionexperimental_2002,
  title = {Profile {{Construction}} in {{Experimental Choice Designs}} for {{Mixed Logit Models}}},
  author = {Sándor, Zsolt and Wedel, Michel},
  date = {2002-11},
  journaltitle = {Marketing Science},
  shortjournal = {Marketing Science},
  volume = {21},
  number = {4},
  pages = {455--475},
  issn = {0732-2399, 1526-548X},
  doi = {10.1287/mksc.21.4.455.131},
  url = {http://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/10.1287/mksc.21.4.455.131},
  urldate = {2023-02-23},
  abstract = {A computationally attractive model for the analysis of conjoint choice experiments is the mixed multinomial logit model, a multinomial logit model in which it is assumed that the coefficients follow a (normal) distribution across subjects. This model offers the advantage over the standard multinomial logit model of accommodating heterogeneity in the coefficients of the choice model across subjects, a topic that has received considerable interest recently in the marketing literature. With the advent of such powerful models, the conjoint choice design deserves increased attention as well. Unfortunately, if one wants to apply the mixed logit model to the analysis of conjoint choice experiments, the problem arises that nothing is known about the efficiency of designs based on the standard logit for parameters of the mixed logit. The development of designs that are optimal for mixed logit models or other random effects models has not been previously addressed and is the topic of this paper.             The development of efficient designs requires the evaluation of the information matrix of the mixed multinomial logit model. We derive an expression for the information matrix for that purpose. The information matrix of the mixed logit model does not have closed form, since it involves integration over the distribution of the random coefficients. In evaluating it we approximate the integrals through repeated samples from the multivariate normal distribution of the coefficients. Since the information matrix is not a scalar we use the determinant scaled by its dimension as a measure of design efficiency. This enables us to apply heuristic search algorithms to explore the design space for highly efficient designs. We build on previously published heuristics based on relabeling, swapping, and cycling of the attribute levels in the design.             Designs with a base alternative are commonly used and considered to be important in conjoint choice analysis, since they provide a way to compare the utilities of pro- files in different choice sets. A base alternative is a product profile that is included in all choice sets of a design. There are several types of base alternatives, examples being a socalled outside alternative or an alternative constructed from the attribute levels in the design itself. We extend our design construction procedures for mixed logit models to include designs with a base alternative and investigate and compare four design classes: designs with two alternatives, with two alternatives plus a base alternative, and designs with three and with four alternatives.             Our study provides compelling evidence that each of these mixed logit designs provide more efficient parameter estimates for the mixed logit model than their standard logit counterparts and yield higher predictive validity. As compared to designs with two alternatives, designs that include a base alternative are more robust to deviations from the parameter values assumed in the designs, while that robustness is even higher for designs with three and four alternatives, even if those have 33\% and 50\% less choice sets, respectively. Those designs yield higher efficiency and better predictive validity at lower burden to the respondent. It is noteworthy that our “best” choice designs, the 3- and 4-alternative designs, resulted not only in a substantial improvement in efficiency over the standard logit design but also in an expected predictive validity that is over 50\% higher in most cases, a number that pales the increases in predictive validity achieved by refined model specifications.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/S3GGJKCE/Sándor and Wedel - 2002 - Profile Construction in Experimental Choice Design.pdf}
}

@article{sarrias_multinomiallogitmodels_2017,
  title = {Multinomial {{Logit Models}} with {{Continuous}} and {{Discrete Individual Heterogeneity}} in {{{\mkbibemph{R}}}} : {{The}} {\textbf{Gmnl}} {{Package}}},
  shorttitle = {Multinomial {{Logit Models}} with {{Continuous}} and {{Discrete Individual Heterogeneity}} in {{{\mkbibemph{R}}}}},
  author = {Sarrias, Mauricio and Daziano, Ricardo},
  date = {2017},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Statistical Software},
  shortjournal = {J. Stat. Soft.},
  volume = {79},
  number = {2},
  issn = {1548-7660},
  doi = {10.18637/jss.v079.i02},
  url = {http://www.jstatsoft.org/v79/i02/},
  urldate = {2023-06-12},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/EF2F5EQI/Sarrias and Daziano - 2017 - Multinomial Logit Models with Continuous and Discr.pdf}
}

@article{scaccia_predictionconfidenceintervals_2023,
  title = {Prediction and Confidence Intervals of Willingness-to-Pay for Mixed Logit Models},
  author = {Scaccia, Luisa and Marcucci, Edoardo and Gatta, Valerio},
  date = {2023-01},
  journaltitle = {Transportation Research Part B: Methodological},
  shortjournal = {Transportation Research Part B: Methodological},
  volume = {167},
  pages = {54--78},
  issn = {01912615},
  doi = {10.1016/j.trb.2022.11.007},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0191261522001886},
  urldate = {2024-01-14},
  abstract = {Heterogeneity in agents’ preferences is generally analysed through mixed logit models, which assume taste parameters are distributed in the population according to a certain mixing distribution. As a result, if the utility function is linear in attributes, the willingness to pay is the ratio of two random parameters and is itself random. This paper proposes a technique built on the Delta method, partly analytical and partly based on simulations, to obtain the sampling distribution of the willingness to pay, accounting for both heterogeneity and sampling error. The paper contributes to the literature by: (i) redressing some imprecisions in Bliemer and Rose (2013) that produce biased results; (ii) proposing a faster estimation process, compared to the Krinsky and Robb (1986, 1990) method that, relying on simulation only, proves computationally more demanding; (iii) comparing the performance of different methods using both synthetic and real data sets. The paper shows, via a Monte Carlo study, that the method we develop and the Krinsky and Robb one produce similar results, while outperforming that proposed by Bliemer and Rose.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Estimation,Mixed Logit,Willingness-to-pay},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/86W95XH7/Scaccia et al. - 2023 - Prediction and confidence intervals of willingness.pdf}
}

@article{scarpa_designefficiencynonmarket_2008,
  title = {Design Efficiency for Non-Market Valuation with Choice Modelling: How to Measure It, What to Report and Why*},
  shorttitle = {Design Efficiency for Non-Market Valuation with Choice Modelling},
  author = {Scarpa, Riccardo and Rose, John M.},
  date = {2008-09},
  journaltitle = {Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics},
  volume = {52},
  number = {3},
  pages = {253--282},
  issn = {1364985X, 14678489},
  doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8489.2007.00436.x},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8489.2007.00436.x},
  urldate = {2023-07-10},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/DGC3XKIB/Scarpa and Rose - 2008 - Design efficiency for non-market valuation with ch.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/KAHQPX2G/Scarpa and Rose - 2008 - Design efficiency for non-market valuation with ch.pdf}
}

@incollection{scarpa_performanceerrorcomponent_2005,
  title = {Performance of {{Error Component Models}} for {{Status-Quo Effects}} in {{Choice Experiments}}},
  booktitle = {Applications of {{Simulation Methods}} in {{Environmental}} and {{Resource Economics}}},
  author = {Scarpa, Riccardo and Ferrini, Silvia and Willis, Kenneth},
  editor = {Scarpa, Riccardo and Alberini, Anna},
  date = {2005},
  volume = {6},
  pages = {247--273},
  publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
  location = {Berlin/Heidelberg},
  doi = {10.1007/1-4020-3684-1_13},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/1-4020-3684-1_13},
  urldate = {2023-07-10},
  isbn = {978-1-4020-3683-5},
  langid = {english}
}

@article{scheidegger_machinelearninghighdimensional_2019,
  title = {Machine Learning for High-Dimensional Dynamic Stochastic Economies},
  author = {Scheidegger, Simon and Bilionis, Ilias},
  date = {2019-04},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Computational Science},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Computational Science},
  volume = {33},
  pages = {68--82},
  issn = {18777503},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jocs.2019.03.004},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1877750318306161},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium,Machine learning,Macroeconomics},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/T9VBH4RH/Scheidegger and Bilionis - 2019 - Machine learning for high-dimensional dynamic stoc.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/Y5N2LR79/Scheidegger and Bilionis - 2019 - Machine learning for high-dimensional dynamic stoc.pdf}
}

@online{scientistscallglobalpusheliminate_,
  title = {Scientists Call for Global Push to Eliminate Space Junk},
  url = {https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/981923},
  urldate = {2023-03-13},
  abstract = {As almost 200 countries agree a legally-binding treaty to protect the High Seas, a collaboration of experts in ocean plastic pollution and satellite technology has urged world leaders to learn lessons from the management of the High Seas and act now to protect Earth’s orbit},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {EurekAlert!},
  keywords = {Orbital Debris},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/NH9CXWAS/981923.html}
}

@online{searchingflavourprofilearticlesjust_,
  title = {Searching for “({{Flavour Profile}}” in “Articles” | {{Just Beer}}},
  url = {https://web.archive.org/web/20211204173807/https://justbeerapp.com/search/articles/(Flavour%20Profile},
  urldate = {2023-05-08},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/IQKTXXJH/(Flavour Profile.html}
}

@online{security_counterspacetimeline19592022_2021,
  title = {Counterspace {{Timeline}}, 1959 - 2022},
  author = {Security, CSIS Aerospace},
  date = {2021-03-31T23:49:38+00:00},
  url = {https://aerospace.csis.org/counterspace-timeline/},
  urldate = {2024-04-02},
  abstract = {This timeline of counterspace weapons data is comprised of tests, technology demonstrations, and unusual behaviors from 1945-2021.},
  langid = {american},
  organization = {Aerospace Security},
  keywords = {Warfare},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/MAAYMBWB/counterspace-timeline.html}
}

@article{shamir_howsharesecret_1979,
  title = {How to Share a Secret},
  author = {Shamir, Adi},
  date = {1979-11},
  journaltitle = {Communications of the ACM},
  shortjournal = {Commun. ACM},
  volume = {22},
  number = {11},
  pages = {612--613},
  issn = {0001-0782, 1557-7317},
  doi = {10.1145/359168.359176},
  url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/359168.359176},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {In this paper we show how to divide data D into n pieces in such a way that D is easily reconstructable from any k pieces, but even complete knowledge of k - 1 pieces reveals absolutely no information about D. This technique enables the construction of robust key management schemes for cryptographic systems that can function securely and reliably even when misfortunes destroy half the pieces and security breaches expose all but one of the remaining pieces.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/HZ8VEZGY/Shamir - 1979 - How to share a secret.pdf}
}

@article{shamsudheen_shouldwetest_2023,
  title = {Should {{We Test}} the {{Model Assumptions Before Running}} a {{Model-based Test}}?},
  author = {Shamsudheen, Iqbal and Hennig, Christian},
  date = {2023-11-07},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Data Science, Statistics, and Visualisation},
  shortjournal = {J DAT SCI STAT VIS},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  issn = {2773-0689},
  doi = {10.52933/jdssv.v3i3.73},
  url = {https://jdssv.org/index.php/jdssv/article/view/73},
  urldate = {2024-09-18},
  abstract = {Statistical methods are based on model assumptions, and it is statistical folklore that a method’s model assumptions should be checked before applying it. This can be formally done by running one or more misspecification tests of model assumptions before running a method that requires these assumptions; here we focus on model-based tests. A combined test procedure can be defined by specifying a protocol in which first model assumptions are tested and then, conditionally on the outcome, a test is run that requires or does not require the tested assumptions. Although such an approach is often taken in practice, much of the literature that investigated this is surprisingly critical of it. Our aim is to explore conditions under which model checking is advisable or not advisable. For this, we review results regarding such “combined procedures” in the literature, we review and discuss controversial views on the role of model checking in statistics including the use of visualisation, and we present a general setup in which we can show that preliminary model checking is advantageous, which implies conditions for making model checking worthwhile.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/YQL7G8BN/JDSSV_shamsudheen_hennig_final.pdf}
}

@book{shoham_multiagentsystemsalgorithmic_,
  title = {Multiagent {{Systems}}: {{Algorithmic}}, {{Game-Theoretic}}, and {{Logical Foundations}}},
  author = {Shoham, Yoav},
  isbn = {978-0-521-89943-7},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Distributed processing,Electronic data processing,Intelligent agents (Computer software),Machine learning,MARL},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/PMVS9LYE/Shoham - Multiagent Systems Algorithmic, Game-Theoretic, a.pdf}
}

@article{shoham_multiagentsystemsalgorithmic_a,
  title = {Multiagent {{Systems}}: {{Algorithmic}}, {{Game-Theoretic}}, and {{Logical Foundations}}},
  author = {Shoham, Yoav},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/79I62QER/Shoham - Multiagent Systems Algorithmic, Game-Theoretic, a.pdf}
}

@article{sicklick_precisiononcologyintentiontreat_2020,
  title = {Precision Oncology: The Intention-to-Treat Analysis Fallacy},
  shorttitle = {Precision Oncology},
  author = {Sicklick, Jason K. and Kato, Shumei and Okamura, Ryosuke and Kurzrock, Razelle},
  date = {2020-07},
  journaltitle = {European Journal of Cancer},
  shortjournal = {European Journal of Cancer},
  volume = {133},
  pages = {25--28},
  issn = {09598049},
  doi = {10.1016/j.ejca.2020.04.002},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S095980492030191X},
  urldate = {2023-05-03},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/3NKV842V/Sicklick et al. - 2020 - Precision oncology the intention-to-treat analysi.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/GRUSMSSF/Sicklick et al. - 2020 - Precision oncology the intention-to-treat analysi.pdf}
}

@article{sillano_willingnesspayestimationmixed_2005,
  title = {Willingness-to-{{Pay Estimation}} with {{Mixed Logit Models}}: {{Some New Evidence}}},
  shorttitle = {Willingness-to-{{Pay Estimation}} with {{Mixed Logit Models}}},
  author = {Sillano, Mauricio and family=Dios Ortúzar, given=Juan, prefix=de, useprefix=true},
  date = {2005-03},
  journaltitle = {Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space},
  shortjournal = {Environ Plan A},
  volume = {37},
  number = {3},
  pages = {525--550},
  issn = {0308-518X, 1472-3409},
  doi = {10.1068/a36137},
  url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1068/a36137},
  urldate = {2023-08-22},
  abstract = {Mixed-logit models are currently the state of the art in discrete-choice modelling, and their estimation in various forms (in particular, mixing revealed-preference and stated-preference data) is becoming increasingly popular. Although the theory behind these models is fairly simple, the practical problems associated with their estimation with empirical data are still relatively unknown and certainly not solved to everybody's satisfaction. In this paper we use a stated-preference dataset—previously used to derive willingness to pay for reduction in atmospheric pollution and subjective values of time—to estimate random parameter mixed logit models with different estimation methods. We use our results to discuss in some depth the problems associated with the derivation of willingness to pay with this class of models.},
  langid = {english}
}

@article{silver_generalreinforcementlearning_2018,
  title = {A General Reinforcement Learning Algorithm That Masters Chess, Shogi, and {{Go}} through Self-Play},
  author = {Silver, David and Hubert, Thomas and Schrittwieser, Julian and Antonoglou, Ioannis and Lai, Matthew and Guez, Arthur and Lanctot, Marc and Sifre, Laurent and Kumaran, Dharshan and Graepel, Thore and Lillicrap, Timothy and Simonyan, Karen and Hassabis, Demis},
  date = {2018-12-07},
  journaltitle = {Science},
  shortjournal = {Science},
  volume = {362},
  number = {6419},
  pages = {1140--1144},
  issn = {0036-8075, 1095-9203},
  doi = {10.1126/science.aar6404},
  url = {https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aar6404},
  urldate = {2024-04-16},
  abstract = {One program to rule them all                            Computers can beat humans at increasingly complex games, including chess and Go. However, these programs are typically constructed for a particular game, exploiting its properties, such as the symmetries of the board on which it is played. Silver               et al.               developed a program called AlphaZero, which taught itself to play Go, chess, and shogi (a Japanese version of chess) (see the Editorial, and the Perspective by Campbell). AlphaZero managed to beat state-of-the-art programs specializing in these three games. The ability of AlphaZero to adapt to various game rules is a notable step toward achieving a general game-playing system.                                         Science               , this issue p.               1140               ; see also pp.               1087               and               1118                        ,              AlphaZero teaches itself to play three different board games and beats state-of-the-art programs in each.           ,              The game of chess is the longest-studied domain in the history of artificial intelligence. The strongest programs are based on a combination of sophisticated search techniques, domain-specific adaptations, and handcrafted evaluation functions that have been refined by human experts over several decades. By contrast, the AlphaGo Zero program recently achieved superhuman performance in the game of Go by reinforcement learning from self-play. In this paper, we generalize this approach into a single AlphaZero algorithm that can achieve superhuman performance in many challenging games. Starting from random play and given no domain knowledge except the game rules, AlphaZero convincingly defeated a world champion program in the games of chess and shogi (Japanese chess), as well as Go.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/3PLSCZSF/Silver et al. - 2018 - A general reinforcement learning algorithm that ma.pdf}
}

@incollection{singmann_introductionmixedmodels_2019,
  title = {An {{Introduction}} to {{Mixed Models}} for {{Experimental Psychology}}},
  booktitle = {New {{Methods}} in {{Cognitive Psychology}}},
  author = {Singmann, Henrik and Kellen, David},
  editor = {Spieler, Daniel and Schumacher, Eric},
  date = {2019-10-28},
  edition = {1},
  pages = {4--31},
  publisher = {Routledge},
  doi = {10.4324/9780429318405-2},
  url = {https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781000617467/chapters/10.4324/9780429318405-2},
  urldate = {2023-06-05},
  isbn = {978-0-429-31840-5},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/57UWH3J3/Singmann and Kellen - 2019 - An Introduction to Mixed Models for Experimental P.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/ZPJP8D5B/Singmann and Kellen - 2019 - An Introduction to Mixed Models for Experimental P.pdf}
}

@article{smaldino_naturalselectionbad_2016,
  title = {The Natural Selection of Bad Science},
  author = {Smaldino, Paul E. and McElreath, Richard},
  date = {2016-09},
  journaltitle = {Royal Society Open Science},
  shortjournal = {R. Soc. open sci.},
  volume = {3},
  number = {9},
  pages = {160384},
  issn = {2054-5703},
  doi = {10.1098/rsos.160384},
  url = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.160384},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {Poor research design and data analysis encourage false-positive findings. Such poor methods persist despite perennial calls for improvement, suggesting that they result from something more than just misunderstanding. The persistence of poor methods results partly from incentives that favour them, leading to the natural selection of bad science. This dynamic requires no conscious strategizing—no deliberate cheating nor loafing—by scientists, only that publication is a principal factor for career advancement. Some normative methods of analysis have almost certainly been selected to further publication instead of discovery. In order to improve the culture of science, a shift must be made away from correcting misunderstandings and towards rewarding understanding. We support this argument with empirical evidence and computational modelling. We first present a 60-year meta-analysis of statistical power in the behavioural sciences and show that power has not improved despite repeated demonstrations of the necessity of increasing power. To demonstrate the logical consequences of structural incentives, we then present a dynamic model of scientific communities in which competing laboratories investigate novel or previously published hypotheses using culturally transmitted research methods. As in the real world, successful labs produce more ‘progeny,’ such that their methods are more often copied and their students are more likely to start labs of their own. Selection for high output leads to poorer methods and increasingly high false discovery rates. We additionally show that replication slows but does not stop the process of methodological deterioration. Improving the quality of research requires change at the institutional level.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/VTSIWAS5/Smaldino and McElreath - 2016 - The natural selection of bad science.pdf}
}

@article{smucker_optimalexperimentaldesign_2018,
  title = {Optimal Experimental Design},
  author = {Smucker, Brian and Krzywinski, Martin and Altman, Naomi},
  date = {2018-08},
  journaltitle = {Nature Methods},
  shortjournal = {Nat Methods},
  volume = {15},
  number = {8},
  pages = {557--557},
  issn = {1548-7091, 1548-7105},
  doi = {10.1038/s41592-018-0078-z},
  url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41592-018-0078-z},
  urldate = {2023-02-14},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/UGPXZX62/Marx - 2018 - Ilaria Testa.pdf}
}

@article{soekhai_discretechoiceexperiments_2019,
  title = {Discrete {{Choice Experiments}} in {{Health Economics}}: {{Past}}, {{Present}} and {{Future}}},
  shorttitle = {Discrete {{Choice Experiments}} in {{Health Economics}}},
  author = {Soekhai, Vikas and family=Bekker-Grob, given=Esther W., prefix=de, useprefix=true and Ellis, Alan R. and Vass, Caroline M.},
  date = {2019-02},
  journaltitle = {PharmacoEconomics},
  shortjournal = {PharmacoEconomics},
  volume = {37},
  number = {2},
  pages = {201--226},
  issn = {1170-7690, 1179-2027},
  doi = {10.1007/s40273-018-0734-2},
  url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40273-018-0734-2},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {Objectives\enspace{} Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) are increasingly advocated as a way to quantify preferences for health. However, increasing support does not necessarily result in increasing quality. Although specific reviews have been conducted in certain contexts, there exists no recent description of the general state of the science of health-related DCEs. The aim of this paper was to update prior reviews (1990–2012), to identify all health-related DCEs and to provide a description of trends, current practice and future challenges. Methods\enspace{} A systematic literature review was conducted to identify health-related empirical DCEs published between 2013 and 2017. The search strategy and data extraction replicated prior reviews to allow the reporting of trends, although additional extraction fields were incorporated. Results\enspace{} Of the 7877 abstracts generated, 301 studies met the inclusion criteria and underwent data extraction. In general, the total number of DCEs per year continued to increase, with broader areas of application and increased geographic scope. Studies reported using more sophisticated designs (e.g. D-efficient) with associated software (e.g. Ngene). The trend towards using more sophisticated econometric models also continued. However, many studies presented sophisticated methods with insufficient detail. Qualitative research methods continued to be a popular approach for identifying attributes and levels. Conclusions\enspace{} The use of empirical DCEs in health economics continues to grow. However, inadequate reporting of methodological details inhibits quality assessment. This may reduce decision-makers’ confidence in results and their ability to act on the findings. How and when to integrate health-related DCE outcomes into decision-making remains an important area for future research.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/LGXGU5XK/Soekhai et al. - 2019 - Discrete Choice Experiments in Health Economics P.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/MUILFVWP/Soekhai et al. - 2019 - Discrete Choice Experiments in Health Economics P.pdf}
}

@article{sohn_sameonlydifferent_2022,
  title = {The Same Only Different? {{How}} a Pandemic Shapes Consumer Organic Food Purchasing},
  shorttitle = {The Same Only Different?},
  author = {Sohn, Stefanie and Seegebarth, Barbara and Woisetschläger, David M.},
  date = {2022-09},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Consumer Behaviour},
  shortjournal = {J of Consumer Behaviour},
  volume = {21},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1121--1134},
  issn = {1472-0817, 1479-1838},
  doi = {10.1002/cb.2060},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cb.2060},
  urldate = {2024-05-18},
  abstract = {Organic food consumption is seen as a key strategy to alleviate both environmental and health problems. Although consumer purchasing of organic food has regularly been studied, major gaps exist in the literature. Knowledge is missing on how contextual factors, such as pandemics (e.g., COVID-19 pandemic), affect individuals' purchasing of organic food. Therefore, the aim of this research is to examine the effect of a pandemic on organic food purchasing. To provide evidence on this effect, data collected at two points in time (before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic) from 429 German consumers was analyzed with structural equation modeling. The results showed that pandemics positively influence both consumer quality consciousness (β = .116) and health consciousness (β = .106) and thereby enhance organic food purchasing. However, pandemics were not found to shape a consumers' environmental consciousness (β = À.005). Additional analyses showed that the effects of a pandemic are not equal for all consumer segments and that consumers' income occupies—different than consumers' age, gender, and education—a decisive role. For instance, pandemics promote consumers' health consciousness only for consumers of lower than of higher income. These findings yield the diverse implications for practitioners and public policy.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/MFQBFGYM/Sohn et al. - 2022 - The same only different How a pandemic shapes con.pdf}
}

@thesis{somma_adaptiveremediationspace_2016,
  title = {Adaptive Remediation of the Space Debris Environment Using Feedback Control},
  author = {Somma, G.},
  date = {2016-09-26},
  url = {https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Adaptive-remediation-of-the-space-debris-using-Somma-Lewis/758a0eef1bd6348b8ac09d2fd1e7171d450160d7},
  urldate = {2024-02-07},
  abstract = {This work presents a source-sink debris evolutionary model of the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) with a proportional control on Active Debris Removal (ADR). The model is based on a set of first order differential equations, which describe the injection and removal rates in several altitude bands within the LEO. Explosions and collisions generate fragments via the standard NASA breakup model, while Post Mission Disposal (PMD) and ADR are the removing mechanisms. Drag, the only natural sink mechanism, is computed through a piecewise exponential model of the atmospheric density, assuming that all objects have circular orbits. The model also includes a feedback controller on ADR where the number of removals is proportional to orbital population. The proposed control mimics the human-driven corrective actions arising from the review and adaptation of debris mitigation policies. The model is validated and then preliminary results are reported. They highlight that a synergy of PMD and ADR can reduce the number of removals needed for the current population to be maintained over a 200-year timeframe.},
  keywords = {Orbital Debris},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/4CWNB3PS/Somma et al. - 2016 - Adaptive remediation of the space debris environme.pdf}
}

@online{spacedelta10doctrinewargaming_,
  title = {Space {{Delta}} 10 - {{Doctrine}} \& {{Wargaming}}},
  url = {https://www.starcom.spaceforce.mil/About-Us/STARCOM-Deltas/Space-Delta-10-Doctrine-Wargaming/},
  urldate = {2024-04-02},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/DC9K5JKH/Space-Delta-10-Doctrine-Wargaming.html}
}

@misc{spacedoctrinepublications_,
  title = {Space {{Doctrine Publications}}},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/299N2PF8/SDP 3-0 Operations (19 July 2023).pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/2S8X2C7G/SDP 2-0 Intelligence (19 July 2023).pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/6WP8R67B/DOCTRINE FACT SHEET - TYPES OF DOCTRINE.DOCX.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/8936PD4M/SDP 1-0 Personnel 7 September 2022.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/9YLHKQFQ/DOCTRINE FACT SHEET - DOCTINE MISCONCEPTIONS.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/AZKMEWUJ/USSF Doctrine Hierarchy for SDPs (3 Oct 22)_v1.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/DUKIE5NT/DOCTRINE FACT SHEET - DOCTRINE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/EJK46APZ/SDP 4-0 Sustainment (Signed).pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/GYWT66MK/SDP 3-99, THE DAF ROLE IN JOINT ALL-DOMAIN OPERATIONS.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/J8STFK7U/SDP 5-0, PLANNING (20 DEC 2021).pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/R32HBHZY/Doctrine Fact Sheet - Hierarchy and Numbering.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/SWBS6IZP/DOCTRINE FACT SHEET - WHAT IS DOCTRINE.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/UQZACGJE/SPACE CAPSTONE PUBLICATION (10 AUG 2020 - AS RELEASED BY CSO).pdf}
}

@report{spacethreatassesment2021_,
  title = {Space {{Threat Assesment}} 2021},
  number = {4},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/FSB2HJXK/210331_Harrison_SpaceThreatAssessment2021.pdf}
}

@report{spacethreatassesment2023_,
  title = {Space {{Threat Assesment}} 2023},
  number = {6},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/Z3TVZHBK/Space Threat Assesment 2023.pdf}
}

@report{spacethreatassessment2022_,
  title = {Space {{Threat Assessment}} 2022},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/3PQGIY4U/Space Threat Assessment 2022.pdf}
}

@article{spies_conceptdevelopmentinteractive_2021,
  title = {Concept and Development of an Interactive Tool for Trial Recruitment Planning and Management},
  author = {Spies, Ruan and Siegfried, Nandi and Myers, Bronwyn and Grobbelaar, Sara S.},
  date = {2021-12},
  journaltitle = {Trials},
  shortjournal = {Trials},
  volume = {22},
  number = {1},
  pages = {189},
  issn = {1745-6215},
  doi = {10.1186/s13063-021-05112-z},
  url = {https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13063-021-05112-z},
  urldate = {2023-05-03},
  abstract = {Abstract                            Background               Predicting and monitoring recruitment in large, complex trials is essential to ensure appropriate resource management and budgeting. In a novel partnership between clinical trial investigators of the South African Medical Research Council and industrial engineers from the Stellenbosch University Health Systems Engineering and Innovation Hub, we developed a trial recruitment tool (TRT). The objective of the tool is to serve as a computerised decisions-support system to aid the planning and management phases of the trial recruitment process.                                         Method               The specific requirements of the TRT were determined in several workshops between the partners. A Poisson process simulation model was formulated and incorporated in the TRT to predict the recruitment duration. The assumptions underlying the model were made in consultation with the trial team at the start of the project and were deemed reasonable. Real-world data extracted from a current cluster trial, Project MIND, based in 24 sites in South Africa was used to verify the simulation model and to develop the monitoring component of the TRT.                                         Results               The TRT comprises a planning and monitoring component. The planning component generates different trial scenarios for predicted trial recruitment duration based on user inputs, e.g. number of sites, initiation delays. The monitoring component uses and analyses the data retrieved from the trial management information system to generate different levels of information, displayed visually on an interactive, user-friendly dashboard. Users can analyse the results at trial or site level, changing input parameters to see the resultant effect on the duration of trial recruitment.                                         Conclusion               This TRT is an easy-to-use tool that assists in the management of the trial recruitment process. The TRT has potential to expedite improved management of clinical trials by providing the appropriate information needed for the planning and monitoring of the trial recruitment phase. This TRT extends prior tools describing historic recruitment only to using historic data to predict future recruitment. The broader project demonstrates the value of collaboration between clinicians and engineers to optimise their respective skillsets.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/6W686KV5/Spies et al. - 2021 - Concept and development of an interactive tool for.pdf}
}

@online{splinesstan_,
  title = {Splines {{In Stan}}},
  url = {https://mc-stan.org/users/documentation/case-studies/splines_in_stan.html},
  urldate = {2023-04-28},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/SECBCAYX/splines_in_stan.html}
}

@article{st-louis_enrollmentreportingpractices_2018,
  title = {Enrollment and Reporting Practices in Pediatric General Surgical Randomized Clinical Trials: {{A}} Systematic Review and Observational Analysis},
  shorttitle = {Enrollment and Reporting Practices in Pediatric General Surgical Randomized Clinical Trials},
  author = {St-Louis, Etienne and Oosenbrug, Marcus and Landry, Tara and Baird, Robert},
  date = {2018-05},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Pediatric Surgery},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Pediatric Surgery},
  volume = {53},
  number = {5},
  pages = {879--884},
  issn = {00223468},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.02.009},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022346818300630},
  urldate = {2023-05-03},
  langid = {english}
}

@article{staffofthecongressionalbudgetoffice_howeconomistscould_2024,
  title = {How {{Economists Could Help Inform Economic}} and {{Budget Analysis Used}} by the {{US Congress}}},
  author = {{Staff of the Congressional Budget Office}},
  date = {2024-05-01},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
  volume = {38},
  number = {2},
  pages = {3--24},
  issn = {0895-3309},
  doi = {10.1257/jep.38.2.3},
  url = {https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/10.1257/jep.38.2.3},
  urldate = {2024-05-25},
  abstract = {The US Congress uses economic and budgetary projections, cost estimates for proposed legislation, and other analyses provided by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) as part of its legislative process. CBO makes assessments based on an understanding of federal programs and revenue sources, reading the relevant research literature, analysis of data, and consultation with outside experts—and often relies on economic research. This article begins with a discussion of the role of the Congressional Budget Office and then discusses how economists could conduct research that would help inform the Congress by improving the quality of the analysis and parameter estimates that CBO uses. It gives overall context and specific examples in seven areas: credit and insurance, energy and the environment, health, labor, macroeconomics, national security, and taxes and transfers.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/HLTBXUYF/Staff of the Congressional Budget Office - 2024 - How Economists Could Help Inform Economic and Budg.pdf}
}

@misc{standevelopmentteam_rstaninterfacestan_2023,
  title = {{{RStan}}: The {{R}} Interface to {{Stan}}},
  author = {{Stan Development Team}},
  date = {2023},
  url = {https://mc-stan.org/}
}

@misc{standevelopmentteam_runtimewarningsconvergence_2022,
  title = {Runtime {{Warnings}} and Convergence Problems},
  author = {{Stan Development Team}},
  date = {2022-03-10},
  url = {https://mc-stan.org/misc/warnings.html},
  urldate = {2025-01-12},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/K272SW6Z/Runtime warnings and convergence problems (1_12_2025 12：46：24 AM).html}
}

@misc{standevelopmentteam_stanmodellingusersguide_2022,
  title = {Stan {{Modelling usersGuide}} and {{Reference Manual}}},
  author = {{Stan Development Team}},
  date = {2022},
  url = {https://mc-stan.org/}
}

@article{steinbach_perceptionsattitudesmotivational_2023,
  title = {Perceptions, Attitudes, and Motivational Factors for Consumers and Nonconsumers of Traditional and Craft Beers},
  author = {Steinbach, Juliana and Burgardt, Vânia De Cássia Da Fonseca and Machado‐Lunkes, Alessandra},
  date = {2023-04},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Sensory Studies},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Sensory Studies},
  volume = {38},
  number = {2},
  pages = {e12813},
  issn = {0887-8250, 1745-459X},
  doi = {10.1111/joss.12813},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/joss.12813},
  urldate = {2024-05-18},
  abstract = {Beer is the most consumed alcoholic beverage in the world, and craft-style beers have presented interesting marketing prospects in the segment. This study intends to establish a consumer profile and their relationship with craft beer compared with traditional versions, as well as understand nonconsumers in order to design more assertive market strategies. The data were obtained using an online questionnaire with 195 participants. Women were about 56.90\% less likely to consume craft beer. Craft beer consumers show a preference for bitter, exotic beers, with a strong and full-bodied flavor, and seek high quality and authenticity. On the other hand, traditional beer consumers seek wellknown and easy-drinking beers, considering product availability and price. The high price and the stronger flavor are the main reasons for not consuming craft beer. Nonconsumers of beer report the taste as a barrier to consumption. The conceptual and affective associations to the beers are positive, except for the group of nonconsumers.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/IP8NS5HA/Steinbach et al. - 2023 - Perceptions, attitudes, and motivational factors f.pdf}
}

@article{stevens_itemresponsesquantity_2020,
  title = {Item {{Responses}} in {{Quantity}}–{{Frequency Questionnaires}}: {{Implications}} for {{Data Generalizability}}},
  shorttitle = {Item {{Responses}} in {{Quantity}}–{{Frequency Questionnaires}}},
  author = {Stevens, Jordan E. and Shireman, Emilie and Steinley, Douglas and Piasecki, Thomas M. and Vinson, Daniel and Sher, Kenneth J.},
  date = {2020-07},
  journaltitle = {Assessment},
  shortjournal = {Assessment},
  volume = {27},
  number = {5},
  pages = {1029--1044},
  issn = {1073-1911, 1552-3489},
  doi = {10.1177/1073191119858398},
  url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1073191119858398},
  urldate = {2024-07-22},
  abstract = {Alcohol consumption is an important predictor of a variety of negative outcomes. There is an extensive literature that examines the differences in the estimated level of alcohol consumption between types of assessments (e.g., quantity–frequency [QF] questionnaires, daily diaries). However, it is typically assumed that all QF-based measures are nearly identical in their assessment of the volume of alcohol consumption in a population. Using timeline follow-back data and constructing common QF consumption measures, we examined differences among survey instruments to assess alcohol consumption and heavy drinking. Using three data sets, including clinical to community samples, we demonstrate how scale-specific item characteristics (i.e., number of response options and ranges of consumption assessed by each option) can substantially affect the estimated mean level of consumption and estimated prevalence of binge drinking. Our analyses suggest that problems can be mitigated by employing more resolved measures of quantity and frequency in consumption questionnaires.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/RXCNQEWR/Stevens et al. - 2020 - Item Responses in Quantity–Frequency Questionnaire.pdf}
}

@article{street_constructionoptimalstated_,
  title = {The {{Construction}} of {{Optimal Stated Choice Experiments}}},
  author = {Street, Deborah J},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/EX8BHAK7/Street - The Construction of Optimal Stated Choice Experime.pdf}
}

@article{sunstein_economicconstitutionunited_2024,
  title = {The {{Economic Constitution}} of the {{United States}}},
  author = {Sunstein, Cass R.},
  date = {2024-05-01},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
  shortjournal = {Journal of Economic Perspectives},
  volume = {38},
  number = {2},
  pages = {25--42},
  issn = {0895-3309},
  doi = {10.1257/jep.38.2.25},
  url = {https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/10.1257/jep.38.2.25},
  urldate = {2024-05-25},
  abstract = {The United States has an Economic Constitution, governing federal regulation, and explaining how to conduct regulatory impact analysis, with reference to quantification and monetization of the costs and benefits of proposed and final regulations. Known as OMB Circular A-4, the Economic Constitution of the United States was thoroughly revised in 2023, with new directions on behavioral economics and nudging; on discount rates and effects on future generations; on distributional effects and how to account for them; and on benefits and costs that are hard or impossible to quantify. The revised document leaves numerous open questions, involving (for example) the valuation of human life, the valuation of morbidity effects, and the value of the lives of children.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/BJDTUH9P/Sunstein - 2024 - The Economic Constitution of the United States.pdf}
}

@book{sutton_reinforcementlearningintroduction_1998,
  title = {Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction},
  shorttitle = {Reinforcement Learning},
  author = {Sutton, Richard S. and Barto, Andrew G.},
  date = {1998},
  series = {Adaptive Computation and Machine Learning},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  location = {Cambridge, Mass},
  isbn = {978-0-262-19398-6},
  langid = {english},
  pagetotal = {322},
  keywords = {Reinforcement learning},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/RBIJPPNZ/Sutton and Barto - 1998 - Reinforcement learning an introduction.pdf}
}

@article{swain-cabriales_enrollmentbreastcancer_2013,
  title = {Enrollment onto Breast Cancer Therapeutic Clinical Trials: {{A}} Tertiary Cancer Center Experience},
  shorttitle = {Enrollment onto Breast Cancer Therapeutic Clinical Trials},
  author = {Swain-Cabriales, Suzanne and Bourdeanu, Laura and Niland, Joyce and Stiller, Tracy and Somlo, George},
  date = {2013-08},
  journaltitle = {Applied Nursing Research},
  shortjournal = {Applied Nursing Research},
  volume = {26},
  number = {3},
  pages = {133--135},
  issn = {08971897},
  doi = {10.1016/j.apnr.2013.01.003},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0897189713000049},
  urldate = {2023-05-03},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/VXTDFDUW/Swain-Cabriales et al. - 2013 - Enrollment onto breast cancer therapeutic clinical.pdf}
}

@article{taddy_distributedmultinomialregression_2015,
  title = {Distributed Multinomial Regression},
  author = {Taddy, Matt},
  date = {2015-09-01},
  journaltitle = {The Annals of Applied Statistics},
  shortjournal = {Ann. Appl. Stat.},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  eprint = {1311.6139},
  eprinttype = {arXiv},
  eprintclass = {stat},
  issn = {1932-6157},
  doi = {10.1214/15-AOAS831},
  url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1311.6139},
  urldate = {2023-02-23},
  abstract = {This article introduces a model-based approach to distributed computing for multinomial logistic (softmax) regression. We treat counts for each response category as independent Poisson regressions via plug-in estimates for fixed effects shared across categories. The work is driven by the high-dimensional-response multinomial models that are used in analysis of a large number of random counts. Our motivating applications are in text analysis, where documents are tokenized and the token counts are modeled as arising from a multinomial dependent upon document attributes. We estimate such models for a publicly available data set of reviews from Yelp, with text regressed onto a large set of explanatory variables (user, business, and rating information). The fitted models serve as a basis for exploring the connection between words and variables of interest, for reducing dimension into supervised factor scores, and for prediction. We argue that the approach herein provides an attractive option for social scientists and other text analysts who wish to bring familiar regression tools to bear on text data.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Statistics - Applications},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/A4G2BQNW/Taddy - 2015 - Distributed multinomial regression.pdf}
}

@article{theate_applicationdeepreinforcement_2021,
  title = {An Application of Deep Reinforcement Learning to Algorithmic Trading},
  author = {Théate, Thibaut and Ernst, Damien},
  date = {2021-07},
  journaltitle = {Expert Systems with Applications},
  shortjournal = {Expert Systems with Applications},
  volume = {173},
  pages = {114632},
  issn = {09574174},
  doi = {10.1016/j.eswa.2021.114632},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0957417421000737},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {This scientific research paper presents an innovative approach based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to solve the algorithmic trading problem of determining the optimal trading position at any point in time during a trading activity in the stock market. It proposes a novel DRL trading policy so as to maximise the resulting Sharpe ratio performance indicator on a broad range of stock markets. Denominated the Trading Deep Q-Network al­ gorithm (TDQN), this new DRL approach is inspired from the popular DQN algorithm and significantly adapted to the specific algorithmic trading problem at hand. The training of the resulting reinforcement learning (RL) agent is entirely based on the generation of artificial trajectories from a limited set of stock market historical data. In order to objectively assess the performance of trading strategies, the research paper also proposes a novel, more rigorous performance assessment methodology. Following this new performance assessment approach, promising results are reported for the TDQN algorithm.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Deep Learning,Machine learning,Neural Networks},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/5VSUA3AJ/Théate and Ernst - 2021 - An application of deep reinforcement learning to a.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/J4F35CLU/Théate and Ernst - 2021 - An application of deep reinforcement learning to a.pdf}
}

@online{tingley_usspaceforce_2022,
  title = {{{US Space Force}} Conducts 'simulated on-Orbit Combat' Training},
  author = {Tingley, Brett},
  date = {2022-08-24T19:00:01Z},
  url = {https://www.space.com/space-force-space-flag-simulated-orbit-combat},
  urldate = {2024-02-02},
  abstract = {The exercise brought together Space Force members with counterparts in the U.S. Army and Air Force.},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {Space.com},
  keywords = {Military,Satellites},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/3KASH8WS/space-force-space-flag-simulated-orbit-combat.html}
}

@online{tingley_usspaceforce_2022a,
  title = {{{US Space Force}} Conducts Training on 'live Fire' Satellite Jamming},
  author = {Tingley, Brett},
  date = {2022-09-20T20:59:22Z},
  url = {https://www.space.com/space-force-live-fire-satellite-jamming},
  urldate = {2024-02-02},
  abstract = {The 'Black Skies' exercise kicked off this week and will focus on electronic warfare.},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {Space.com},
  keywords = {Military,Satellites},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/NTZ2VRL6/space-force-live-fire-satellite-jamming.html}
}

@online{tingley_usspaceforce_2022b,
  title = {{{US Space Force}} Establishes New Unit to Track 'Threats in Orbit'},
  author = {Tingley, Brett},
  date = {2022-06-30T21:19:56Z},
  url = {https://www.space.com/space-force-delta-18-threats-orbit},
  urldate = {2024-02-02},
  abstract = {The unit's mission is to 'outwit, outreach and win in the space domain.'},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {Space.com},
  keywords = {Military,Satellites},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/K952G7WP/space-force-delta-18-threats-orbit.html}
}

@online{tingley_usspaceforce_2023,
  title = {{{US Space Force}} Creates 1st Unit Dedicated to Targeting Adversary Satellites},
  author = {Tingley, Brett},
  date = {2023-08-16T16:00:00Z},
  url = {https://www.space.com/space-force-1st-targeting-squadron},
  urldate = {2024-02-02},
  abstract = {"We are changing the way targeting is done across the joint community when it comes to space and electromagnetic warfare."},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {Space.com},
  keywords = {Military,Satellites},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/5BKDYQQI/space-force-1st-targeting-squadron.html}
}

@article{toro-gonzalez_beersnobsexist_2014,
  title = {Beer {{Snobs Do Exist}}: {{Estimation}} of {{Beer Demand}} by {{Type}}},
  shorttitle = {Beer {{Snobs Do Exist}}},
  author = {Toro-Gonzalez, Daniel and McCluskey, Jill J. and Mittelhammer, Ron},
  date = {2014},
  publisher = {Unknown},
  doi = {10.22004/AG.ECON.186564},
  url = {https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/186564},
  urldate = {2024-06-11},
  abstract = {Although mass-produced beers still represent the vast majority of U.S. beer sales, there has been a significant growth trend in the craft beer segment. This study analyzes the demand for beer as a differentiated product and estimates own-price, cross-price, and income elasticities for beer by type: craft beer, mass-produced beer, and imported beer. We verify that beer is a normal good with a considerably inelastic demand and also find that the cross-price elasticity across types of beer is close to zero. The results suggest that there are effectively separate markets for beer by type.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Consumer/Household Economics,craft beer,demand analysis,Demand and Price Analysis,differentiated products,Production Economics}
}

@article{toro-gonzalez_beersnobsexists_2014,
  title = {Beer {{Snobs}} Do {{Exists}}: {{Estimation}} of {{Beer Demand}} by {{Type}}},
  author = {Toro-Gonzalez, Daniel and McCluskey, Jill J. and Mittelhammer, Ron C.},
  date = {2014-08},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics},
  volume = {39},
  number = {2},
  pages = {174--187},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/7Y8ZGAHB/Toro-Gonzalez et al. - 2014 - Beer Snobs Do Exist Estimation of Beer Demand by .pdf}
}

@article{tozzi_predictingaccrualrate_1996,
  title = {Predicting the Accrual Rate in a Vaccine Clinical Trial: An a Posteriori Evaluation of the Feasibility Study},
  shorttitle = {Predicting the Accrual Rate in a Vaccine Clinical Trial},
  author = {Tozzi, A. E. and Cofi Degli Atti, M. L. and Panei, P. and Anemona, A. and Binkin, N. and Salmaso, S. and Luzi, S. and Greco, D.},
  date = {1996-10},
  journaltitle = {Revue D'epidemiologie Et De Sante Publique},
  shortjournal = {Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique},
  volume = {44},
  number = {5},
  eprint = {8933665},
  eprinttype = {pmid},
  pages = {387--393},
  issn = {0398-7620},
  abstract = {To estimate the expected accrual rate in a double blinded controlled randomized trial of the absolute clinical efficacy of three anti-pertussis vaccines in infants, we performed a series of surveys among mothers and physicians in the areas to be considered for participation in the trial. In this paper, we compared the predicted enrollment with the actual enrollment achieved at the end of the recruitment phase of the trial. The predicted enrollment rate was 27\%, while the observed rate was 26\%. Results from the feasibility study were highly predictive of actual enrollment rate. In the local health units (USL) where such assessments were carried out, the accrual rate, was higher than those not participating in the feasibility phase.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Adult,Double-Blind Method,Feasibility Studies,Female,Health Knowledge Attitudes Practice,Humans,Infant,Male,Mothers,Multicenter Studies as Topic,Patient Acceptance of Health Care,Pertussis Vaccine,Physicians,Predictive Value of Tests,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic,Reproducibility of Results}
}

@article{traets_generatingoptimaldesigns_2020,
  title = {Generating {{Optimal Designs}} for {{Discrete Choice Experiments}} in {{{\mkbibemph{R}}}} : {{The}} {\textbf{Idefix}} {{Package}}},
  shorttitle = {Generating {{Optimal Designs}} for {{Discrete Choice Experiments}} in {{{\mkbibemph{R}}}}},
  author = {Traets, Frits and Sanchez, Daniel Gil and Vandebroek, Martina},
  date = {2020},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Statistical Software},
  shortjournal = {J. Stat. Soft.},
  volume = {96},
  number = {3},
  issn = {1548-7660},
  doi = {10.18637/jss.v096.i03},
  url = {http://www.jstatsoft.org/v96/i03/},
  urldate = {2023-02-01},
  abstract = {Discrete choice experiments are widely used in a broad area of research fields to capture the preference structure of respondents. The design of such experiments will determine to a large extent the accuracy with which the preference parameters can be estimated. This paper presents a new R package, called idefix, which enables users to generate optimal designs for discrete choice experiments. Besides Bayesian D-efficient designs for the multinomial logit model, the package includes functions to generate Bayesian adaptive designs which can be used to gather data for the mixed logit model. In addition, the package provides the necessary tools to set up actual surveys and collect empirical data. After data collection, idefix can be used to transform the data into the necessary format in order to use existing estimation software in R.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Experimental Design,Optimal Design,R-lang,Statistical Software},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/RSAJVA9H/Traets et al. - 2020 - Generating Optimal Designs for Discrete Choice Exp.pdf}
}

@book{train_discretechoicemethods_2009,
  title = {Discrete Choice Methods with Simulation},
  author = {Train, Kenneth},
  date = {2009},
  edition = {2nd ed},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  location = {Cambridge ; New York},
  isbn = {978-0-521-76655-5 978-0-521-74738-7},
  langid = {english},
  pagetotal = {388},
  keywords = {Consumers' preferences,Decision making,Simulation methods},
  annotation = {OCLC: ocn349248337},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/HX8LQSS8/Train - 2009 - Discrete choice methods with simulation.pdf}
}

@article{tricco_prismaextensionscoping_2018,
  title = {{{PRISMA Extension}} for {{Scoping Reviews}} ({{PRISMA-ScR}}): {{Checklist}} and {{Explanation}}},
  shorttitle = {{{PRISMA Extension}} for {{Scoping Reviews}} ({{PRISMA-ScR}})},
  author = {Tricco, Andrea C. and Lillie, Erin and Zarin, Wasifa and O'Brien, Kelly K. and Colquhoun, Heather and Levac, Danielle and Moher, David and Peters, Micah D.J. and Horsley, Tanya and Weeks, Laura and Hempel, Susanne and Akl, Elie A. and Chang, Christine and McGowan, Jessie and Stewart, Lesley and Hartling, Lisa and Aldcroft, Adrian and Wilson, Michael G. and Garritty, Chantelle and Lewin, Simon and Godfrey, Christina M. and Macdonald, Marilyn T. and Langlois, Etienne V. and Soares-Weiser, Karla and Moriarty, Jo and Clifford, Tammy and Tunçalp, Özge and Straus, Sharon E.},
  date = {2018-10-02},
  journaltitle = {Annals of Internal Medicine},
  shortjournal = {Ann Intern Med},
  volume = {169},
  number = {7},
  pages = {467--473},
  issn = {0003-4819, 1539-3704},
  doi = {10.7326/M18-0850},
  url = {https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M18-0850},
  urldate = {2024-12-21},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/M8MJKVE5/PRISMA-ScR-Fillable-Checklist_11Sept2019.pdf}
}

@online{twogiantssatellitetelecomindustry_,
  title = {Two Giants in the Satellite Telecom Industry Join Forces to Counter {{Starlink}} | {{Hacker News}}},
  url = {https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40222273},
  urldate = {2024-05-01},
  keywords = {Commentary,Orbits},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/GCRFE9MQ/item.html}
}

@dataset{u.s.censusbureau_profilegeneralpopulation_2020,
  title = {Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics},
  author = {{U.S. Census Bureau}},
  date = {2020},
  number = {020DECENNIALDP2020.DP1},
  url = {ttps://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDP2020.DP1?g=010XX00US$0400000&d=DEC Demographic Profile},
  urldate = {2024-08-07},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/FSNNX6DJ/DECENNIALDP2020.DP1-2024-08-07T214445.csv}
}

@article{urbas_interimrecruitmentprediction_2022,
  title = {Interim Recruitment Prediction for Multi-Center Clinical Trials},
  author = {Urbas, Szymon and Sherlock, Chris and Metcalfe, Paul},
  date = {2022-04-13},
  journaltitle = {Biostatistics},
  volume = {23},
  number = {2},
  pages = {485--506},
  issn = {1465-4644, 1468-4357},
  doi = {10.1093/biostatistics/kxaa036},
  url = {https://academic.oup.com/biostatistics/article/23/2/485/5911853},
  urldate = {2023-05-03},
  abstract = {Summary             We introduce a general framework for monitoring, modeling, and predicting the recruitment to multi-center clinical trials. The work is motivated by overly optimistic and narrow prediction intervals produced by existing time-homogeneous recruitment models for multi-center recruitment. We first present two tests for detection of decay in recruitment rates, together with a power study. We then introduce a model based on the inhomogeneous Poisson process with monotonically decaying intensity, motivated by recruitment trends observed in oncology trials. The general form of the model permits adaptation to any parametric curve-shape. A general method for constructing sensible parameter priors is provided and Bayesian model averaging is used for making predictions which account for the uncertainty in both the parameters and the model. The validity of the method and its robustness to misspecification are tested using simulated datasets. The new methodology is then applied to oncology trial data, where we make interim accrual predictions, comparing them to those obtained by existing methods, and indicate where unexpected changes in the accrual pattern occur.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/85FQMQUQ/Urbas et al. - 2022 - Interim recruitment prediction for multi-center cl.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/988ACIXQ/Urbas et al. - 2022 - Interim recruitment prediction for multi-center cl.pdf}
}

@article{ursu_drugcentralonlinedrug_2017,
  title = {{{DrugCentral}}: Online Drug Compendium},
  shorttitle = {{{DrugCentral}}},
  author = {Ursu, Oleg and Holmes, Jayme and Knockel, Jeffrey and Bologa, Cristian G. and Yang, Jeremy J. and Mathias, Stephen L. and Nelson, Stuart J. and Oprea, Tudor I.},
  date = {2017-01-04},
  journaltitle = {Nucleic Acids Research},
  shortjournal = {Nucleic Acids Res},
  volume = {45},
  number = {D1},
  pages = {D932-D939},
  issn = {0305-1048, 1362-4962},
  doi = {10.1093/nar/gkw993},
  url = {https://academic.oup.com/nar/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/nar/gkw993},
  urldate = {2023-04-10},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/7W6THRK6/Ursu et al. - 2017 - DrugCentral online drug compendium.pdf}
}

@misc{uscms_icd-10_cm_2022,
  title = {{{ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines}} for {{Coding}} and {{Reporting}}},
  author = {{Centers For Medicare and Medicaid}},
  date = {2022-04},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/53ZTGLWD/10cmguidelines-FY2022-April-1-update.pdf}
}

@misc{uscms_icd-10_pcs_2022,
  title = {2022 {{ICD-10-PCS Official Guidelines}} for {{Coding}} and {{Reporting}}},
  author = {{Centers For Medicare and Medicaid}},
  date = {2022-04},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/7ADA2YND/2022 ICD-10-PCS Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting.pdf}
}

@misc{usfda_splfactsheet_2023,
  title = {Indexing {{Spl Fact Sheet}}},
  author = {{U.S. Food and Drug Administration}},
  url = {https://www.fda.gov/media/85645/download},
  urldate = {2023-04-08},
  organization = {U.S. Food and Drug Administration},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/KAHW2ABD/Indexing-SPL-Fact-Sheet.pdf}
}

@online{usnlm_fdaaa801finalrule,
  type = {Government},
  title = {{{FDAAA}} 801 and the {{Final Rule}} - {{ClinicalTrials}}.Gov},
  author = {{U.S. National Library of Medicine}},
  url = {https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/manage-recs/fdaaa},
  urldate = {2023-04-08},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {ClinicalTrials.gov},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/V9YVGVK2/fdaaa.html}
}

@online{usnlm_meshhomepage_2023,
  type = {Product, Program, and Project Descriptions},
  title = {Medical {{Subject Headings}} - {{Home Page}}},
  author = {{U.S. National Library of Medicine}},
  publisher = {U.S. National Library of Medicine},
  url = {https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html},
  urldate = {2023-04-09},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/RTW5EPBG/meshhome.html}
}

@online{usnlm_protocolregistrationdata_2024-06-17,
  title = {Protocol {{Registration Data Element Definitions}} for {{Interventional}} and {{Observational Studies}} | {{ClinicalTrials}}.Gov},
  author = {{U.S. National Library of Medicine}},
  date = {2024-06-17},
  url = {https://clinicaltrials.gov/policy/protocol-definitions},
  urldate = {2025-01-25},
  organization = {ClinicalTrials.gov},
  keywords = {ClinicalTrials},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/HFM6LRS4/protocol-definitions.html}
}

@online{usnlm_rxnavinabox_2023,
  title = {{{RxNav-in-a-Box}} - {{RxNav Applications}}},
  author = {{U.S. National Library of Medicine}},
  url = {https://lhncbc.nlm.nih.gov/RxNav/applications/RxNav-in-a-Box.html},
  urldate = {2023-04-10},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/A9S2NM29/RxNav-in-a-Box.html}
}

@online{usnlm_rxnorm_2023,
  type = {Product, Program, and Project Descriptions},
  title = {{{RxNorm Overview}}},
  author = {{U.S. National Library of Medicine}},
  publisher = {U.S. National Library of Medicine},
  url = {https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm/overview.html},
  urldate = {2023-04-08},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/XI269ZNM/overview.html}
}

@article{vandergronde_addressingchallengehighpriced_2017,
  title = {Addressing the Challenge of High-Priced Prescription Drugs in the Era of Precision Medicine: {{A}} Systematic Review of Drug Life Cycles, Therapeutic Drug Markets and Regulatory Frameworks},
  shorttitle = {Addressing the Challenge of High-Priced Prescription Drugs in the Era of Precision Medicine},
  author = {family=Gronde, given=Toon, prefix=van der, useprefix=true and Uyl-de Groot, Carin A. and Pieters, Toine},
  date = {2017-08-16},
  journaltitle = {PLoS ONE},
  shortjournal = {PLoS One},
  volume = {12},
  number = {8},
  eprint = {28813502},
  eprinttype = {pmid},
  pages = {e0182613},
  issn = {1932-6203},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0182613},
  url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5559086/},
  urldate = {2023-03-11},
  abstract = {Context Recent public outcry has highlighted the rising cost of prescription drugs worldwide, which in several disease areas outpaces other health care expenditures and results in a suboptimal global availability of essential medicines. Method A systematic review of Pubmed, the Financial Times, the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal and the Guardian was performed to identify articles related to the pricing of medicines. Findings Changes in drug life cycles have dramatically affected patent medicine markets, which have long been considered a self-evident and self-sustainable source of income for highly profitable drug companies. Market failure in combination with high merger and acquisition activity in the sector have allowed price increases for even off-patent drugs. With market interventions and the introduction of QALY measures in health care, governments have tried to influence drug prices, but often encounter unintended consequences. Patent reform legislation, reference pricing, outcome-based pricing and incentivizing physicians and pharmacists to prescribe low-cost drugs are among the most promising short-term policy options. Due to the lack of systematic research on the effectiveness of policy measures, an increasing number of ad hoc decisions have been made with counterproductive effects on the availability of essential drugs. Future challenges demand new policies, for which recommendations are offered. Conclusion A fertile ground for high-priced drugs has been created by changes in drug life-cycle dynamics, the unintended effects of patent legislation, government policy measures and orphan drug programs. There is an urgent need for regulatory reform to curtail prices and safeguard equitable access to innovative medicines.},
  pmcid = {PMC5559086},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/7Y8KZSMU/van der Gronde et al. - 2017 - Addressing the challenge of high-priced prescripti.pdf}
}

@article{vanloo_consumersvaluationsustainability_2014,
  title = {Consumers’ Valuation of Sustainability Labels on Meat},
  author = {Van Loo, Ellen J. and Caputo, Vincenzina and Nayga, Rodolfo M. and Verbeke, Wim},
  date = {2014-12},
  journaltitle = {Food Policy},
  shortjournal = {Food Policy},
  volume = {49},
  pages = {137--150},
  issn = {03069192},
  doi = {10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.07.002},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0306919214001092},
  urldate = {2023-07-06},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Discrete Choice Experiment,Organic,Product Labelling,Statistical Methods: Mixed Logit},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/DFAIZB65/Van Loo et al. - 2014 - Consumers’ valuation of sustainability labels on m.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/L47AIPNP/Van Loo et al. - 2014 - Consumers’ valuation of sustainability labels on m.pdf}
}

@article{vinyals_grandmasterlevelstarcraft_2019,
  title = {Grandmaster Level in {{StarCraft II}} Using Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning},
  author = {Vinyals, Oriol and Babuschkin, Igor and Czarnecki, Wojciech M. and Mathieu, Michaël and Dudzik, Andrew and Chung, Junyoung and Choi, David H. and Powell, Richard and Ewalds, Timo and Georgiev, Petko and Oh, Junhyuk and Horgan, Dan and Kroiss, Manuel and Danihelka, Ivo and Huang, Aja and Sifre, Laurent and Cai, Trevor and Agapiou, John P. and Jaderberg, Max and Vezhnevets, Alexander S. and Leblond, Rémi and Pohlen, Tobias and Dalibard, Valentin and Budden, David and Sulsky, Yury and Molloy, James and Paine, Tom L. and Gulcehre, Caglar and Wang, Ziyu and Pfaff, Tobias and Wu, Yuhuai and Ring, Roman and Yogatama, Dani and Wünsch, Dario and McKinney, Katrina and Smith, Oliver and Schaul, Tom and Lillicrap, Timothy and Kavukcuoglu, Koray and Hassabis, Demis and Apps, Chris and Silver, David},
  date = {2019-11-14},
  journaltitle = {Nature},
  shortjournal = {Nature},
  volume = {575},
  number = {7782},
  pages = {350--354},
  issn = {0028-0836, 1476-4687},
  doi = {10.1038/s41586-019-1724-z},
  url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1724-z},
  urldate = {2024-04-16},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/BDNRJ46D/Vinyals et al. - 2019 - Grandmaster level in StarCraft II using multi-agen.pdf}
}

@article{vogel_detectingurbanmarkets_,
  title = {Detecting {{Urban Markets}} with {{Satellite Imagery}}: {{An Application}} to {{India}}},
  author = {Vogel, Kathryn Baragwanath and Goldblatt, Ran and Khandelwal, Amit K and Hanson, Gordon},
  abstract = {This paper proposes a methodology for defining urban markets based on economic activity detected by satellite imagery. We use nighttime lights data, whose use in economics is increasingly common, to define urban markets based on contiguous pixels that have a minimum threshold of light intensity. The coarseness of the nightlight data and the blooming effect of lights, however, create markets whose boundaries are too expansive and too smooth relative to the visual inspection of actual cities. We compare nightlight-based markets to those formed using high-resolution daytime satellite imagery, whose use in economics is less common, to detect the presence of builtup landcover. We identify an order of magnitude more markets with daytime imagery; these markets are realistically jagged in shape and reveal much more within and across-market variation in the density of economic activity. The size of landcover-based markets displays a sharp sensitivity to the proximity of paved roads that is not present in the case of nightlight-based markets. Our results suggest that daytime satellite imagery is a promising source of data for economists to study the spatial extent and distribution of economic activity.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/4IYSKRJ9/Vogel et al. - Detecting Urban Markets with Satellite Imagery An.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/ACYYNG8D/Vogel et al. - Detecting Urban Markets with Satellite Imagery An.pdf}
}

@article{vos_globalburden369_2020,
  title = {Global Burden of 369 Diseases and Injuries in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990–2019: A Systematic Analysis for the {{Global Burden}} of {{Disease Study}} 2019},
  shorttitle = {Global Burden of 369 Diseases and Injuries in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990–2019},
  author = {Vos, Theo and Lim, Stephen S. and Abbafati, Cristiana and Abbas, Kaja M. and Abbasi, Mohammad and Abbasifard, Mitra and Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen and Abbastabar, Hedayat and Abd-Allah, Foad and Abdelalim, Ahmed and Abdollahi, Mohammad and Abdollahpour, Ibrahim and Abolhassani, Hassan and Aboyans, Victor and Abrams, Elissa M. and Abreu, Lucas Guimarães and Abrigo, Michael R. M. and Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal and Abushouk, Abdelrahman I. and Acebedo, Alyssa and Ackerman, Ilana N. and Adabi, Maryam and Adamu, Abdu A. and Adebayo, Oladimeji M. and Adekanmbi, Victor and Adelson, Jaimie D. and Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. and Adham, Davoud and Afshari, Mahdi and Afshin, Ashkan and Agardh, Emilie E. and Agarwal, Gina and Agesa, Kareha M. and Aghaali, Mohammad and Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem and Agrawal, Anurag and Ahmad, Tauseef and Ahmadi, Alireza and Ahmadi, Mehdi and Ahmadieh, Hamid and Ahmadpour, Ehsan and Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie and Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola and Akinyemiju, Tomi and Akombi, Blessing and Al-Aly, Ziyad and Alam, Khurshid and Alam, Noore and Alam, Samiah and Alam, Tahiya and Alanzi, Turki M. and Albertson, Samuel B. and Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth and Alema, Niguse Meles and Ali, Muhammad and Ali, Saqib and Alicandro, Gianfranco and Alijanzadeh, Mehran and Alinia, Cyrus and Alipour, Vahid and Aljunid, Syed Mohamed and Alla, François and Allebeck, Peter and Almasi-Hashiani, Amir and Alonso, Jordi and Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M. and Altirkawi, Khalid A. and Alvis-Guzman, Nelson and Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. and Amini, Saeed and Amini-Rarani, Mostafa and Aminorroaya, Arya and Amiri, Fatemeh and Amit, Arianna Maever L. and Amugsi, Dickson A. and Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera and Anderlini, Deanna and Andrei, Catalina Liliana and Andrei, Tudorel and Anjomshoa, Mina and Ansari, Fereshteh and Ansari, Iman and Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza and Antonio, Carl Abelardo T. and Antony, Catherine M. and Antriyandarti, Ernoiz and Anvari, Davood and Anwer, Razique and Arabloo, Jalal and Arab-Zozani, Morteza and Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. and Ariani, Filippo and Ärnlöv, Johan and Aryal, Krishna K. and Arzani, Afsaneh and Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran and Asadi-Pooya, Ali A. and Asghari, Babak and Ashbaugh, Charlie and Atnafu, Desta Debalkie and Atre, Sachin R. and Ausloos, Floriane and Ausloos, Marcel and Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala and Ayano, Getinet and Ayanore, Martin Amogre and Aynalem, Yared Asmare and Azari, Samad and Azarian, Ghasem and Azene, Zelalem Nigussie and Babaee, Ebrahim and Badawi, Alaa and Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba and Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein and Bakhtiari, Ahad and Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar and Balalla, Shivanthi and Balassyano, Shelly and Banach, Maciej and Banik, Palash Chandra and Bannick, Marlena S. and Bante, Agegnehu Bante and Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher and Barboza, Miguel A. and Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn and Barthelemy, Celine M. and Barua, Lingkan and Barzegar, Akbar and Basu, Sanjay and Baune, Bernhard T. and Bayati, Mohsen and Bazmandegan, Gholamreza and Bedi, Neeraj and Beghi, Ettore and Béjot, Yannick and Bello, Aminu K. and Bender, Rose G. and Bennett, Derrick A. and Bennitt, Fiona B. and Bensenor, Isabela M. and Benziger, Catherine P. and Berhe, Kidanemaryam and Bernabe, Eduardo and Bertolacci, Gregory J. and Bhageerathy, Reshmi and Bhala, Neeraj and Bhandari, Dinesh and Bhardwaj, Pankaj and Bhattacharyya, Krittika and Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. and Bibi, Sadia and Biehl, Molly H. and Bikbov, Boris and Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin and Biondi, Antonio and Birihane, Binyam Minuye and Bisanzio, Donal and Bisignano, Catherine and Biswas, Raaj Kishore and Bohlouli, Somayeh and Bohluli, Mehdi and Bolla, Srinivasa Rao Rao and Boloor, Archith and Boon-Dooley, Alexandra S. and Borges, Guilherme and Borzì, Antonio Maria and Bourne, Rupert and Brady, Oliver J. and Brauer, Michael and Brayne, Carol and Breitborde, Nicholas J. K. and Brenner, Hermann and Briant, Paul Svitil and Briggs, Andrew M. and Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich and Britton, Gabrielle B. and Bryazka, Dana and Buchbinder, Rachelle and Bumgarner, Blair R. and Busse, Reinhard and Butt, Zahid A. and family=Santos, given=Florentino Luciano Caetano, prefix=dos, useprefix=false and Cámera, Luis LA Alberto and Campos-Nonato, Ismael R. and Car, Josip and Cárdenas, Rosario and Carreras, Giulia and Carrero, Juan J. and Carvalho, Felix and Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio and Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A. and Castelpietra, Giulio and Castle, Chris D. and Castro, Franz and Catalá-López, Ferrán and Causey, Kate and Cederroth, Christopher R. and Cercy, Kelly M. and Cerin, Ester and Chandan, Joht Singh and Chang, Alex R. and Charlson, Fiona J. and Chattu, Vijay Kumar and Chaturvedi, Sarika and Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel and Chin, Ken Lee and Cho, Daniel Youngwhan and Christensen, Hanne and Chu, Dinh-Toi and Chung, Michael T. and Cicuttini, Flavia M. and Ciobanu, Liliana G. and Cirillo, Massimo and Collins, Emma L. and Compton, Kelly and Conti, Sara and Cortesi, Paolo Angelo and Costa, Vera Marisa and Cousin, Ewerton and Cowden, Richard G. and Cowie, Benjamin C. and Cromwell, Elizabeth A. and Cross, Di H. and Crowe, Christopher Stephen and Cruz, Jessica A. and Cunningham, Matthew and Dahlawi, Saad M. A. and Damiani, Giovanni and Dandona, Lalit and Dandona, Rakhi and Darwesh, Aso Mohammad and Daryani, Ahmad and Das, Jai K. and Gupta, Rajat Das and family=Neves, given=José, prefix=das, useprefix=false and Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto and Davletov, Kairat and Leo, Diego De and Dean, Frances E. and DeCleene, Nicole K. and Deen, Amanda and Degenhardt, Louisa and Dellavalle, Robert Paul and Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen and Demsie, Desalegn Getnet and Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar and Dereje, Nebiyu Dereje and Dervenis, Nikolaos and Desai, Rupak and Desalew, Assefa and Dessie, Getenet Ayalew and Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda and Dhungana, Govinda Prasad and Dianatinasab, Mostafa and Diaz, Daniel and Forooshani, Zahra Sadat Dibaji and Dingels, Zachary V. and Dirac, M. Ashworth and Djalalinia, Shirin and Do, Hoa Thi and Dokova, Klara and Dorostkar, Fariba and Doshi, Chirag P. and Doshmangir, Leila and Douiri, Abdel and Doxey, Matthew C. and Driscoll, Tim Robert and Dunachie, Susanna J. and Duncan, Bruce B. and Duraes, Andre Rodrigues and Eagan, Arielle Wilder and Kalan, Mohammad Ebrahimi and Edvardsson, David and Ehrlich, Joshua R. and Nahas, Nevine El and Sayed, Iman El and Tantawi, Maha El and Elbarazi, Iffat and Elgendy, Islam Y. and Elhabashy, Hala Rashad and El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I. and Elyazar, Iqbal RF and Emamian, Mohammad Hassan and Emmons-Bell, Sophia and Erskine, Holly E. and Eshrati, Babak and Eskandarieh, Sharareh and Esmaeilnejad, Saman and Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz and Esteghamati, Alireza and Estep, Kara and Etemadi, Arash and Etisso, Atkilt Esaiyas and Farahmand, Mohammad and Faraj, Anwar and Fareed, Mohammad and Faridnia, Roghiyeh and Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá and Farioli, Andrea and Faro, Andre and Faruque, Mithila and Farzadfar, Farshad and Fattahi, Nazir and Fazlzadeh, Mehdi and Feigin, Valery L. and Feldman, Rachel and Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad and Fernandes, Eduarda and Ferrari, Alize J. and Ferreira, Manuela L. and Filip, Irina and Fischer, Florian and Fisher, James L. and Fitzgerald, Ryan and Flohr, Carsten and Flor, Luisa Sorio and Foigt, Nataliya A. and Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin and Force, Lisa M. and Fornari, Carla and Foroutan, Masoud and Fox, Jack T. and Freitas, Marisa and Fu, Weijia and Fukumoto, Takeshi and Furtado, João M. and Gad, Mohamed M. and Gakidou, Emmanuela and Galles, Natalie C. and Gallus, Silvano and Gamkrelidze, Amiran and Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L. and Gardner, William M. and Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle and Gebrehiwot, Abiyu Mekonnen and Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork and Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew and Hayoon, Anna Gershberg and Gething, Peter W. and Ghadimi, Maryam and Ghadiri, Keyghobad and Ghafourifard, Mansour and Ghajar, Alireza and Ghamari, Farhad and Ghashghaee, Ahmad and Ghiasvand, Hesam and Ghith, Nermin and Gholamian, Asadollah and Gilani, Syed Amir and Gill, Paramjit Singh and Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan and Giussani, Giorgia and Goli, Srinivas and Gomez, Ricardo Santiago and Gopalani, Sameer Vali and Gorini, Giuseppe and Gorman, Taren M. and Gottlich, Harrison Chase and Goudarzi, Houman and Goulart, Alessandra C. and Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia and Grada, Ayman and Grivna, Michal and Grosso, Giuseppe and Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen and Gugnani, Harish Chander and Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena and Guimarães, Rafael Alves and Guled, Rashid Abdi and Guo, Gaorui and Guo, Yuming and Gupta, Rajeev and Haagsma, Juanita A. and Haddock, Beatrix and Hafezi-Nejad, Nima and Hafiz, Abdul and Hagins, Hailey and Haile, Lydia M. and Hall, Brian J. and Halvaei, Iman and Hamadeh, Randah R. and Abdullah, Kanaan Hamagharib and Hamilton, Erin B. and Han, Chieh and Han, Hannah and Hankey, Graeme J. and Haro, Josep Maria and Harvey, James D. and Hasaballah, Ahmed I. and Hasanzadeh, Amir and Hashemian, Maryam and Hassanipour, Soheil and Hassankhani, Hadi and Havmoeller, Rasmus J. and Hay, Roderick J. and Hay, Simon I. and Hayat, Khezar and Heidari, Behnam and Heidari, Golnaz and Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza and Hendrie, Delia and Henrikson, Hannah J. and Henry, Nathaniel J. and Herteliu, Claudiu and Heydarpour, Fatemeh and Hird, Thomas R. and Hoek, Hans W. and Hole, Michael K. and Holla, Ramesh and Hoogar, Praveen and Hosgood, H. Dean and Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi and Hostiuc, Mihaela and Hostiuc, Sorin and Househ, Mowafa and Hoy, Damian G. and Hsairi, Mohamed and Hsieh, Vivian Chia-rong and Hu, Guoqing and Huda, Tanvir M. and Hugo, Fernando N. and Huynh, Chantal K. and Hwang, Bing-Fang and Iannucci, Vincent C. and Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel and Ikuta, Kevin S. and Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen and Ilic, Irena M. and Ilic, Milena D. and Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja and Ippolito, Helen and Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi and Islam, M. Mofizul and Islam, MdMohaimenul and Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful and Islami, Farhad and Iso, Hiroyasu and Ivers, Rebecca Q. and Iwu, Chidozie C. D. and Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi and Jaafari, Jalil and Jacobsen, Kathryn H. and Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad and Jafari, Hussain and Jafarinia, Morteza and Jahagirdar, Deepa and Jahani, Mohammad Ali and Jahanmehr, Nader and Jakovljevic, Mihajlo and Jalali, Amir and Jalilian, Farzad and James, Spencer L. and Janjani, Hosna and Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar and Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra and Jeemon, Panniyammakal and Jenabi, Ensiyeh and Jha, Ravi Prakash and Jha, Vivekanand and Ji, John S. and Jia, Peng and John, Oommen and John-Akinola, Yetunde O. and Johnson, Catherine Owens and Johnson, Sarah Charlotte and Jonas, Jost B. and Joo, Tamas and Joshi, Ankur and Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy and Jürisson, Mikk and Kabir, Ali and Kabir, Zubair and Kalani, Hamed and Kalani, Rizwan and Kalankesh, Leila R. and Kalhor, Rohollah and Kamiab, Zahra and Kanchan, Tanuj and Matin, Behzad Karami and Karch, André and Karim, Mohd Anisul and Karimi, Salah Eddin and Kassa, Getachew Mullu and Kassebaum, Nicholas J. and Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal and Kawakami, Norito and Kayode, Gbenga A. and Keddie, Suzanne H. and Keller, Cathleen and Kereselidze, Maia and Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif and Khalid, Nauman and Khan, Maseer and Khatab, Khaled and Khater, Mona M. and Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli and Khayamzadeh, Maryam and Khodayari, Mohammad Taghi and Khundkar, Roba and Kianipour, Neda and Kieling, Christian and Kim, Daniel and Kim, Young-Eun and Kim, Yun Jin and Kimokoti, Ruth W. and Kisa, Adnan and Kisa, Sezer and Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna and Kivimäki, Mika and Kneib, Cameron J. and Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo and Kocarnik, Jonathan M. and Kolola, Tufa and Kopec, Jacek A. and Kosen, Soewarta and Koul, Parvaiz A. and Koyanagi, Ai and Kravchenko, Michael A. and Krishan, Kewal and Krohn, Kris J. and Defo, Barthelemy Kuate and Bicer, Burcu Kucuk and Kumar, G. Anil and Kumar, Manasi and Kumar, Pushpendra and Kumar, Vivek and Kumaresh, Girikumar and Kurmi, Om P. and Kusuma, Dian and Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe and Vecchia, Carlo La and Lacey, Ben and Lal, Dharmesh Kumar and Lalloo, Ratilal and Lam, Jennifer O. and Lami, Faris Hasan and Landires, Iván and Lang, Justin J. and Lansingh, Van Charles and Larson, Samantha Leigh and Larsson, Anders O. and Lasrado, Savita and Lassi, Zohra S. and Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming and Lavados, Pablo M. and Lazarus, Jeffrey V. and Ledesma, Jorge R. and Lee, Paul H. and Lee, Shaun Wen Huey and LeGrand, Kate E. and Leigh, James and Leonardi, Matilde and Lescinsky, Haley and Leung, Janni and Levi, Miriam and Lewington, Sarah and Li, Shanshan and Lim, Lee-Ling and Lin, Christine and Lin, Ro-Ting and Linehan, Christine and Linn, Shai and Liu, Hung-Chun and Liu, Shiwei and Liu, Zichen and Looker, Katharine J. and Lopez, Alan D. and Lopukhov, Platon D. and Lorkowski, Stefan and Lotufo, Paulo A. and Lucas, Tim C. D. and Lugo, Alessandra and Lunevicius, Raimundas and Lyons, Ronan A. and Ma, Jianing and MacLachlan, Jennifer H. and Maddison, Emilie R. and Maddison, Ralph and Madotto, Fabiana and Mahasha, Phetole Walter and Mai, Hue Thi and Majeed, Azeem and Maled, Venkatesh and Maleki, Shokofeh and Malekzadeh, Reza and Malta, Deborah Carvalho and Mamun, Abdullah A. and Manafi, Amir and Manafi, Navid and Manguerra, Helena and Mansouri, Borhan and Mansournia, Mohammad Ali and Herrera, Ana M. Mantilla and Maravilla, Joemer C. and Marks, Ashley and Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio and Martopullo, Ira and Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra and Massano, João and Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard and Mathur, Manu Raj and Maulik, Pallab K. and McAlinden, Colm and McGrath, John J. and McKee, Martin and Mehndiratta, Man Mohan and Mehri, Fereshteh and Mehta, Kala M. and Meitei, Wahengbam Bigyananda and Memiah, Peter T. N. and Mendoza, Walter and Menezes, Ritesh G. and Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku and Mengesha, Meresa Berwo and Mereke, Alibek and Meretoja, Atte and Meretoja, Tuomo J. and Mestrovic, Tomislav and Miazgowski, Bartosz and Miazgowski, Tomasz and Michalek, Irmina Maria and Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu and Miller, Ted R. and Mills, Edward J. and Mirica, Andreea and Mirrakhimov, Erkin M. and Mirzaei, Hamed and Mirzaei, Maryam and Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi and Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen and Mithra, Prasanna and Moazen, Babak and Moghadaszadeh, Masoud and Mohamadi, Efat and Mohammad, Dara K. and Mohammad, Yousef and Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi and Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah and Mohammadifard, Noushin and Mohammadpourhodki, Reza and Mohammed, Shafiu and Mokdad, Ali H. and Molokhia, Mariam and Momen, Natalie C. and Monasta, Lorenzo and Mondello, Stefania and Mooney, Meghan D. and Moosazadeh, Mahmood and Moradi, Ghobad and Moradi, Masoud and Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar and Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah and Moraga, Paula and Morales, Linda and Morawska, Lidia and Velásquez, Ilais Moreno and Morgado-da-Costa, Joana and Morrison, Shane Douglas and Mosser, Jonathan F. and Mouodi, Simin and Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam and Khaneghah, Amin Mousavi and Mueller, Ulrich Otto and Munro, Sandra B. and Muriithi, Moses K. and Musa, Kamarul Imran and Muthupandian, Saravanan and Naderi, Mehdi and Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman and Nagel, Gabriele and Naghshtabrizi, Behshad and Nair, Sanjeev and Nandi, Anita K. and Nangia, Vinay and Nansseu, Jobert Richie and Nayak, Vinod C. and Nazari, Javad and Negoi, Ionut and Negoi, Ruxandra Irina and Netsere, Henok Biresaw Netsere and Ngunjiri, Josephine W. and Nguyen, Cuong Tat and Nguyen, Jason and Nguyen, Michele and Nguyen, Minh and Nichols, Emma and Nigatu, Dabere and Nigatu, Yeshambel T. and Nikbakhsh, Rajan and Nixon, Molly R. and Nnaji, Chukwudi A. and Nomura, Shuhei and Norrving, Bo and Noubiap, Jean Jacques and Nowak, Christoph and Nunez-Samudio, Virginia and Oţoiu, Adrian and Oancea, Bogdan and Odell, Christopher M. and Ogbo, Felix Akpojene and Oh, In-Hwan and Okunga, Emmanuel Wandera and Oladnabi, Morteza and Olagunju, Andrew T. and Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola and Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun and Oluwasanu, Mojisola Morenike and Bali, Ahmed Omar and Omer, Muktar Omer and Ong, Kanyin L. and Onwujekwe, Obinna E. and Orji, Aislyn U. and Orpana, Heather M. and Ortiz, Alberto and Ostroff, Samuel M. and Otstavnov, Nikita and Otstavnov, Stanislav S. and Øverland, Simon and Owolabi, Mayowa O. and A, Mahesh P. and Padubidri, Jagadish Rao and Pakhare, Abhijit P. and Palladino, Raffaele and Pana, Adrian and Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra and Pandey, Anamika and Park, Eun-Kee and Parmar, Priya G. Kumari and Pasupula, Deepak Kumar and Patel, Sangram Kishor and Paternina-Caicedo, Angel J. and Pathak, Ashish and Pathak, Mona and Patten, Scott B. and Patton, George C. and Paudel, Deepak and Toroudi, Hamidreza Pazoki and Peden, Amy E. and Pennini, Alyssa and Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino and Peprah, Emmanuel K. and Pereira, Alexandre and Pereira, David M. and Perico, Norberto and Pham, Hai Quang and Phillips, Michael R. and Pigott, David M. and Pilgrim, Thomas and Pilz, Tessa M. and Pirsaheb, Meghdad and Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer and Plass, Dietrich and Pokhrel, Khem Narayan and Polibin, Roman V. and Polinder, Suzanne and Polkinghorne, Kevan R. and Postma, Maarten J. and Pourjafar, Hadi and Pourmalek, Farshad and Kalhori, Reza Pourmirza and Pourshams, Akram and Poznańska, Anna and Prada, Sergio I. and Prakash, V. and Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga and Pupillo, Elisabetta and Syed, Zahiruddin Quazi and Rabiee, Mohammad and Rabiee, Navid and Radfar, Amir and Rafiee, Ata and Rafiei, Alireza and Raggi, Alberto and Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin and Rahman, Muhammad Aziz and Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali and Rajati, Fatemeh and Ramezanzadeh, Kiana and Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal and Rao, Puja C. and Rao, Sowmya J. and Rasella, Davide and Rastogi, Prateek and Rathi, Priya and Rawaf, David Laith and Rawaf, Salman and Rawal, Lal and Razo, Christian and Redford, Sofia Boston and Reiner, Robert C. and Reinig, Nickolas and Reitsma, Marissa Bettay and Remuzzi, Giuseppe and Renjith, Vishnu and Renzaho, Andre M. N. and Resnikoff, Serge and Rezaei, Nima and family=Rezai, given=Mohammad, prefix=sadegh, useprefix=false and Rezapour, Aziz and Rhinehart, Phoebe-Anne and Riahi, Seyed Mohammad and Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P. and Ribeiro, Daniel Cury and Ribeiro, Daniela and Rickard, Jennifer and Roberts, Nicholas L. S. and Roberts, Shaun and Robinson, Stephen R. and Roever, Leonardo and Rolfe, Sam and Ronfani, Luca and Roshandel, Gholamreza and Roth, Gregory A. and Rubagotti, Enrico and Rumisha, Susan Fred and Sabour, Siamak and Sachdev, Perminder S. and Saddik, Basema and Sadeghi, Ehsan and Sadeghi, Masoumeh and Saeidi, Shahram and Safi, Sare and Safiri, Saeid and Sagar, Rajesh and Sahebkar, Amirhossein and Sahraian, Mohammad Ali and Sajadi, S. Mohammad and Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza and Salamati, Payman and Zahabi, Saleh Salehi and Salem, Hosni and Salem, Marwa R. Rashad and Salimzadeh, Hamideh and Salomon, Joshua A. and Salz, Inbal and Samad, Zainab and Samy, Abdallah M. and Sanabria, Juan and Santomauro, Damian Francesco and Santos, Itamar S. and Santos, João Vasco and Santric-Milicevic, Milena M. and Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer and Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo and Sarrafzadegan, Nizal and Sartorius, Benn and Sarveazad, Arash and Sathian, Brijesh and Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu and Sattin, Davide and Sbarra, Alyssa N. and Schaeffer, Lauren E. and Schiavolin, Silvia and Schmidt, Maria Inês and Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth and Schwebel, David C. and Schwendicke, Falk and Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta and Senthilkumaran, Subramanian and Sepanlou, Sadaf G. and Shackelford, Katya Anne and Shadid, Jamileh and Shahabi, Saeed and Shaheen, Amira A. and Shaikh, Masood Ali and Shalash, Ali S. and Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran and Shamsizadeh, Morteza and Shannawaz, Mohammed and Sharafi, Kiomars and Sharara, Fablina and Sheena, Brittney S. and Sheikhtaheri, Abbas and Shetty, Ranjitha S. and Shibuya, Kenji and Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw and Shigematsu, Mika and Shin, Jae Il and Shiri, Rahman and Shirkoohi, Reza and Shrime, Mark G. and Shuval, Kerem and Siabani, Soraya and Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora and Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig and Silva, João Pedro and Simpson, Kyle E. and Singh, Ambrish and Singh, Jasvinder A. and Skiadaresi, Eirini and Skou, Søren T. and Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich and Sobngwi, Eugene and Sokhan, Anton and Soltani, Shahin and Sorensen, Reed J. D. and Soriano, Joan B. and Sorrie, Muluken Bekele and Soyiri, Ireneous N. and Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T. and Stanaway, Jeffrey D. and Stark, Benjamin A. and Ştefan, Simona Cătălina and Stein, Caroline and Steiner, Caitlyn and Steiner, Timothy J. and Stokes, Mark A. and Stovner, Lars Jacob and Stubbs, Jacob L. and Sudaryanto, Agus and Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale and Sulo, Gerhard and Sultan, Iyad and Sykes, Bryan L. and Sylte, Dillon O. and Szócska, Miklós and Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael and Tabb, Karen M. and Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar and Taherkhani, Amir and Tajdini, Masih and Takahashi, Ken and Taveira, Nuno and Teagle, Whitney L. and Teame, Hirut and Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash and Teklehaimanot, Berhane Fseha and Terrason, Sonyah and Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse and Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman and Thomson, Azalea M. and Tohidinik, Hamid Reza and Tonelli, Marcello and Topor-Madry, Roman and Torre, Anna E. and Touvier, Mathilde and Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Roberto and Tran, Bach Xuan and Travillian, Ravensara and Troeger, Christopher E. and Truelsen, Thomas Clement and Tsai, Alexander C. and Tsatsakis, Aristidis and Car, Lorainne Tudor and Tyrovolas, Stefanos and Uddin, Riaz and Ullah, Saif and Undurraga, Eduardo A. and Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran and Vacante, Marco and Vakilian, Alireza and Valdez, Pascual R. and Varughese, Santosh and Vasankari, Tommi Juhani and Vasseghian, Yasser and Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy and Violante, Francesco S. and Vlassov, Vasily and Vollset, Stein Emil and Vongpradith, Avina and Vukovic, Ana and Vukovic, Rade and Waheed, Yasir and Walters, Madgalene K. and Wang, Jiayu and Wang, Yafeng and Wang, Yuan-Pang and Ward, Joseph L. and Watson, Alexandrea and Wei, Jingkai and Weintraub, Robert G. and Weiss, Daniel J. and Weiss, Jordan and Westerman, Ronny and Whisnant, Joanna L. and Whiteford, Harvey A. and Wiangkham, Taweewat and Wiens, Kirsten E. and Wijeratne, Tissa and Wilner, Lauren B. and Wilson, Shadrach and Wojtyniak, Bogdan and Wolfe, Charles D. A. and Wool, Eve E. and Wu, Ai-Min and Hanson, Sarah Wulf and Wunrow, Han Yong and Xu, Gelin and Xu, Rixing and Yadgir, Simon and Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh and Yamagishi, Kazumasa and Yaminfirooz, Mousa and Yano, Yuichiro and Yaya, Sanni and Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid and Yearwood, Jamal A. and Yeheyis, Tomas Y. and Yeshitila, Yordanos Gizachew and Yip, Paul and Yonemoto, Naohiro and Yoon, Seok-Jun and Lebni, Javad Yoosefi and Younis, Mustafa Z. and Younker, Theodore Patrick and Yousefi, Zabihollah and Yousefifard, Mahmoud and Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh and Yousuf, Abdilahi Yousuf and Yu, Chuanhua and Yusefzadeh, Hasan and Moghadam, Telma Zahirian and Zaki, Leila and Zaman, Sojib Bin and Zamani, Mohammad and Zamanian, Maryam and Zandian, Hamed and Zangeneh, Alireza and Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich and Zewdie, Kaleab Alemayehu and Zhang, Yunquan and Zhang, Zhi-Jiang and Zhao, Jeff T. and Zhao, Yingxi and Zheng, Peng and Zhou, Maigeng and Ziapour, Arash and Zimsen, Stephanie R. M. and Naghavi, Mohsen and Murray, Christopher J. L.},
  date = {2020-10-17},
  journaltitle = {The Lancet},
  shortjournal = {The Lancet},
  volume = {396},
  number = {10258},
  eprint = {33069326},
  eprinttype = {pmid},
  pages = {1204--1222},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  issn = {0140-6736, 1474-547X},
  doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9},
  url = {https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30925-9/fulltext},
  urldate = {2023-03-14},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/BEVSANKW/Vos et al. - 2020 - Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019 a systematic.pdf}
}

@online{wakeham_hackingphysicsback_,
  title = {Hacking Physics from the Back of a Napkin},
  author = {Wakeham, David},
  url = {https://hapax.github.io/physics/teaching/hacks/napkin-hacks/},
  urldate = {2024-12-21},
  abstract = {February 24, 2020. The computational power of a humble napkin is   awesome. I discuss three napkin algorithms — dimensional   analysis, Fermi estimates, and random walks — and use them to   figure out why rain falls, the length of the E. coli genome, and the   mass of a proton, among other things. These examples suggest a   napkin-based approach to teaching physics.},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/U5NKMEQ4/napkin-hacks.html}
}

@article{waldrop_doesinformationorganic_2018,
  title = {Does Information about Organic Status Affect Consumer Sensory Liking and Willingness to Pay for Beer?},
  author = {Waldrop, Megan E. and McCluskey, Jill J.},
  date = {2018-05},
  journaltitle = {Agribusiness},
  shortjournal = {Agribusiness},
  volume = {35},
  number = {2},
  pages = {149--167},
  issn = {0742-4477, 1520-6297},
  doi = {10.1002/agr.21567},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/agr.21567},
  urldate = {2023-12-23},
  abstract = {Abstract             The organic beer market is in its infancy, but the product category is growing at a high rate. This study evaluates how information about organic status affects consumers’ willingness to pay and sensory liking for beer. Consumer sensory panels were conducted for the purpose of this study with information treatments and valuation questions. In our sample, informing consumers that beer is organic or certified organic does not significantly affect sensory liking scores, and certified organic has a negative marginal effect on willingness to pay, providing evidence that organic is not a vertical quality attribute for beer. However, panelists who regularly purchase craft beer, care about the environment, and/or have an openness to new foods have a higher willingness to pay for organic beer. Our findings suggest that organic beer appeals to a niche market of consumers. [EconLit citations: L15, L66, Q13]},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Applied,Discrete Choice Experiment,Organic,Product Labelling},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/Q86KK649/Waldrop and McCluskey - 2019 - Does information about organic status affect consu.pdf}
}

@thesis{waldrop_economicsorganicsustainable_2017,
  title = {{{ECONOMICS OF ORGANIC AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTS}}},
  author = {Waldrop, Megan Elizabeth},
  date = {2017},
  institution = {Washington State University},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Organic,Product Labelling},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/KDCGTVUD/Waldrop - ECONOMICS OF ORGANIC AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTS.pdf}
}

@article{walker_generalizedrandomutility_2002,
  title = {Generalized Random Utility Model},
  author = {Walker, Joan and Ben-Akiva, Moshe},
  date = {2002-07},
  journaltitle = {Mathematical Social Sciences},
  shortjournal = {Mathematical Social Sciences},
  volume = {43},
  number = {3},
  pages = {303--343},
  issn = {01654896},
  doi = {10.1016/S0165-4896(02)00023-9},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165489602000239},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/F6B43BBA/Walker and Ben-Akiva - 2002 - Generalized random utility model.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/VQ7HPRTK/Walker and Ben-Akiva - 2002 - Generalized random utility model.pdf}
}

@article{walker_identificationparametersnormal_2007,
  title = {Identification of Parameters in Normal Error Component Logit-Mixture ({{NECLM}}) Models},
  author = {Walker, Joan L. and Ben-Akiva, Moshe and Bolduc, Denis},
  date = {2007-09},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Applied Econometrics},
  shortjournal = {J. Appl. Econ.},
  volume = {22},
  number = {6},
  pages = {1095--1125},
  issn = {08837252, 10991255},
  doi = {10.1002/jae.971},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jae.971},
  urldate = {2023-07-10},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Mixed Logit,Statistical Identification},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/QEIC8UR2/Walker et al. - 2007 - Identification of parameters in normal error compo.pdf}
}

@inproceedings{wang_conceptbasedshorttext_2014,
  title = {Concept-Based {{Short Text Classification}} and {{Ranking}}},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 23rd {{ACM International Conference}} on {{Conference}} on {{Information}} and {{Knowledge Management}}},
  author = {Wang, Fang and Wang, Zhongyuan and Li, Zhoujun and Wen, Ji-Rong},
  date = {2014-11-03},
  pages = {1069--1078},
  publisher = {ACM},
  location = {Shanghai China},
  doi = {10.1145/2661829.2662067},
  url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/2661829.2662067},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {Most existing approaches for text classification represent texts as vectors of words, namely “Bag-of-Words.” This text representation results in a very high dimensionality of feature space and frequently suffers from surface mismatching. Short texts make these issues even more serious, due to their shortness and sparsity. In this paper, we propose using “Bag-of-Concepts” in short text representation, aiming to avoid the surface mismatching and handle the synonym and polysemy problem. Based on “Bag-of-Concepts,” a novel framework is proposed for lightweight short text classification applications. By leveraging a large taxonomy knowledgebase, it learns a concept model for each category, and conceptualizes a short text to a set of relevant concepts. A concept-based similarity mechanism is presented to classify the given short text to the most similar category. One advantage of this mechanism is that it facilitates short text ranking after classification, which is needed in many applications, such as query or ad recommendation. We demonstrate the usage of our proposed framework through a real online application: Channel-based Query Recommendation. Experiments show that our framework can map queries to channels with a high degree of precision (avg. precision = 90.3\%), which is critical for recommendation applications.},
  eventtitle = {{{CIKM}} '14: 2014 {{ACM Conference}} on {{Information}} and {{Knowledge Management}}},
  isbn = {978-1-4503-2598-1},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/H9AI9FUZ/Wang et al. - 2014 - Concept-based Short Text Classification and Rankin.pdf}
}

@article{wang_realtimemonitoring_2022,
  title = {Real Time Monitoring and Prediction of Time to Endpoint Maturation in Clinical Trials},
  author = {Wang, Li and Liu, Yang and Chen, Xiaotian and Pulkstenis, Erik},
  date = {2022-08-15},
  journaltitle = {Statistics in Medicine},
  shortjournal = {Statistics in Medicine},
  volume = {41},
  number = {18},
  pages = {3596--3611},
  issn = {0277-6715, 1097-0258},
  doi = {10.1002/sim.9436},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sim.9436},
  urldate = {2023-05-03},
  langid = {english}
}

@article{waring_analysisattritiondrug_2015,
  title = {An Analysis of the Attrition of Drug Candidates from Four Major Pharmaceutical Companies},
  author = {Waring, Michael J. and Arrowsmith, John and Leach, Andrew R. and Leeson, Paul D. and Mandrell, Sam and Owen, Robert M. and Pairaudeau, Garry and Pennie, William D. and Pickett, Stephen D. and Wang, Jibo and Wallace, Owen and Weir, Alex},
  date = {2015-07},
  journaltitle = {Nature Reviews Drug Discovery},
  shortjournal = {Nat Rev Drug Discov},
  volume = {14},
  number = {7},
  pages = {475--486},
  issn = {1474-1776, 1474-1784},
  doi = {10.1038/nrd4609},
  url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/nrd4609},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {The pharmaceutical industry remains under huge pressure to address the high attrition rates in drug development. Attempts to reduce the number of efficacy- and safety-related failures by analysing possible links to the physicochemical properties of small-molecule drug candidates have been inconclusive because of the limited size of data sets from individual companies. Here, we describe the compilation and analysis of combined data on the attrition of drug candidates from AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Company, GlaxoSmithKline and Pfizer. The analysis reaffirms that control of physicochemical properties during compound optimization is beneficial in identifying compounds of candidate drug quality and indicates for the first time a link between the physicochemical properties of compounds and clinical failure due to safety issues. The results also suggest that further control of physicochemical properties is unlikely to have a significant effect on attrition rates and that additional work is required to address safety-related failures. Further cross-company collaborations will be crucial to future progress in this area.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/HD3WAS2A/Waring et al. - 2015 - An analysis of the attrition of drug candidates fr.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/SJIM9P79/Waring et al. - 2015 - An analysis of the attrition of drug candidates fr.pdf}
}

@article{weber_stepstepprocedureimplement_2021,
  title = {A {{Step-by-Step Procedure}} to {{Implement Discrete Choice Experiments}} in {{Qualtrics}}},
  author = {Weber, Sylvain},
  date = {2021-10},
  journaltitle = {Social Science Computer Review},
  shortjournal = {Social Science Computer Review},
  volume = {39},
  number = {5},
  pages = {903--921},
  issn = {0894-4393, 1552-8286},
  doi = {10.1177/0894439319885317},
  url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0894439319885317},
  urldate = {2023-02-10},
  abstract = {Discrete choice experiment (DCE) is a well-established technique to elicit stated preferences. It is frequently used in social sciences, where revealed preferences are difficult or sometimes even impossible to collect. A DCE consists in a series of choice tasks, in which survey respondents are requested to select the alternative they prefer among a few ones. Even though DCEs are conceptually well-known and documented, the practitioner may face technical issues once turning to their concrete implementation. This methodological note provides a step-by-step procedure to implement a DCE using the survey software Qualtrics. The procedure is largely automated, relying on the statistical software Stata and using HTML code to display the choice tasks in a pleasant way. Basic knowledge of Stata and HTML is desirable but not an absolute requirement. This note is intended to Qualtrics users, and prior knowledge of this survey tool is therefore assumed. A full working example with all codes and material is provided and presented.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/IBSNP7AE/Weber - 2021 - A Step-by-Step Procedure to Implement Discrete Cho.pdf}
}

@online{welcomeiris2infrastructureresilienceinterconnectivity_,
  title = {Welcome {{IRIS}}²: {{Infrastructure}} for {{Resilience}}, {{Interconnectivity}} and {{Security}} by {{Satellite}}},
  url = {https://defence-industry-space.ec.europa.eu/welcome-iris2-infrastructure-resilience-interconnectivity-and-security-satellite-2022-11-17_en},
  urldate = {2023-02-21}
}

@article{wheeler_commentsalgorithmicdesign_,
  title = {Comments on Algorithmic Design},
  author = {Wheeler, Robert E},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/GZYKHTT9/Wheeler - Comments on algorithmic design.pdf}
}

@online{who_icd-10_2023,
  title = {International {{Classification}} of {{Diseases}} ({{ICD}})},
  author = {{World Health Organization}},
  url = {https://www.who.int/standards/classifications/classification-of-diseases},
  urldate = {2023-04-09},
  abstract = {International Classification of Diseases (ICD) Revision},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/4Y3F35AR/classification-of-diseases.html}
}

@article{whycensusbureauchosedifferential_,
  title = {Why the {{Census Bureau Chose Differential Privacy}}},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/QQP3S6KW/Why the Census Bureau Chose Differential Privacy.pdf}
}

@article{wong_estimationclinicaltrial_2019,
  title = {Estimation of Clinical Trial Success Rates and Related Parameters},
  author = {Wong, Chi Heem and Siah, Kien Wei and Lo, Andrew W},
  date = {2019-04-01},
  journaltitle = {Biostatistics},
  volume = {20},
  number = {2},
  pages = {273--286},
  issn = {1465-4644, 1468-4357},
  doi = {10.1093/biostatistics/kxx069},
  url = {https://academic.oup.com/biostatistics/article/20/2/273/4817524},
  urldate = {2024-05-25},
  abstract = {Previous estimates of drug development success rates rely on relatively small samples from databases curated by the pharmaceutical industry and are subject to potential selection biases. Using a sample of 406 038 entries of clinical trial data for over 21 143 compounds from January 1, 2000 to October 31, 2015, we estimate aggregate clinical trial success rates and durations. We also compute disaggregated estimates across several trial features including disease type, clinical phase, industry or academic sponsor, biomarker presence, lead indication status, and time. In several cases, our results differ significantly in detail from widely cited statistics. For example, oncology has a 3.4\% success rate in our sample vs. 5.1\% in prior studies. However, after declining to 1.7\% in 2012, this rate has improved to 2.5\% and 8.3\% in 2014 and 2015, respectively. In addition, trials that use biomarkers in patient-selection have higher overall success probabilities than trials without biomarkers.},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {To Process,To Read},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/YBKSGRWT/Wong et al. - 2019 - Estimation of clinical trial success rates and rel.pdf}
}

@online{worldhealthorganization_icd10version2019_,
  title = {{{ICD-10 Version}}:2019},
  author = {{World Health Organization}},
  url = {https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en},
  urldate = {2025-01-20},
  organization = {ICD-10 Version:2019},
  keywords = {ICD-10},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/5T8CPB6H/en.html}
}

@article{yeh_monopsonyuslabor_2022,
  title = {Monopsony in the {{US Labor Market}}},
  author = {Yeh, Chen and Macaluso, Claudia and Hershbein, Brad},
  date = {2022-07-01},
  journaltitle = {American Economic Review},
  shortjournal = {American Economic Review},
  volume = {112},
  number = {7},
  pages = {2099--2138},
  issn = {0002-8282},
  doi = {10.1257/aer.20200025},
  url = {https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/10.1257/aer.20200025},
  urldate = {2023-01-31},
  abstract = {This paper quantifies employer market power in US manufacturing and how it has changed over time. Using administrative data, we estimate plant-level markdowns—the ratio between a plant’s marginal revenue product of labor and its wage. We find most manufacturing plants operate in a monopsonistic environment, with an average markdown of 1.53, implying a worker earning only 65 cents on the marginal dollar generated. To investigate long-term trends for the entire sector, we propose a novel, theoretically grounded measure for the aggregate markdown. We find that it decreased between the late 1970s and the early 2000s, but has been sharply increasing since. (JEL J24, J31, J38, J42, L13, L60)},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/WG2K68TY/Yeh et al. - 2022 - Monopsony in the US Labor Market.pdf}
}

@misc{yunjizhou_coreguidedummy_,
  title = {Core {{Guide}}: {{Dummy}} and {{Effect Coding}}},
  author = {Yunji Zhou},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/RSXXFLSU/Core-Guide_Dummy-and-Effect-Coding_16-03-20_1673893909323_0.pdf}
}

@article{zeileis_diagnosticcheckingregression_,
  title = {Diagnostic {{Checking}} in {{Regression Relationships}} - Lmtest in {{R}}},
  author = {Zeileis, Achim and Hothorn, Torsten},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/7IE5RFRP/Zeileis and Hothorn - Diagnostic Checking in Regression Relationships.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/YTPTIWDC/lmtest.pdf}
}

@article{zhang_jointmonitoringprediction_2012,
  title = {Joint Monitoring and Prediction of Accrual and Event Times in Clinical Trials: {{Prediction}} of Accrual and Event Times in Clinical Trials},
  shorttitle = {Joint Monitoring and Prediction of Accrual and Event Times in Clinical Trials},
  author = {Zhang, Xiaoxi and Long, Qi},
  date = {2012-11},
  journaltitle = {Biometrical Journal},
  shortjournal = {Biom. J.},
  volume = {54},
  number = {6},
  pages = {735--749},
  issn = {03233847},
  doi = {10.1002/bimj.201100180},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bimj.201100180},
  urldate = {2023-04-27},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/XVW43JDP/Zhang and Long - 2012 - Joint monitoring and prediction of accrual and eve.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/ZK6QNHST/Zhang and Long - 2012 - Joint monitoring and prediction of accrual and eve.pdf}
}

@article{zhang_modelingpredictionsubject_2012,
  title = {Modeling and Prediction of Subject Accrual and Event Times in Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review},
  shorttitle = {Modeling and Prediction of Subject Accrual and Event Times in Clinical Trials},
  author = {Zhang, Xiaoxi and Long, Qi},
  date = {2012-12},
  journaltitle = {Clinical Trials},
  shortjournal = {Clinical Trials},
  volume = {9},
  number = {6},
  pages = {681--688},
  issn = {1740-7745, 1740-7753},
  doi = {10.1177/1740774512447996},
  url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1740774512447996},
  urldate = {2023-04-27},
  abstract = {Background               Modeling and prediction of subject accrual and event times in clinical trials has been a topic of considerable interest for important practical reasons. It has implications not only at the initial planning stage of a trial but also on its ongoing monitoring.                                         Purpose               To provide a systematic view of the recent research in the field of modeling and prediction of subject accrual and event times in clinical trials.                                         Methods               Two classes of methods for modeling and prediction of subject accrual are reviewed, namely, one that uses the Brownian motion and the other uses the Poisson process. Extensions of the accrual models in multicenter clinical trials are also discussed. Trials with survival endpoints require proper joint modeling of subject accrual and event/lost-to-follow-up (LTFU) times, the latter of which can be modeled either parametrically (e.g., exponential and Weibull) or nonparametrically.                                         Results               Flexible stochastic models are better suited when modeling real trials that does not follow constant underlying enrollment rate. The accrual model generally improves as center-specific information is accounted for in multicenter trials. The choice between parametric and nonparametric event models can depend on confidence on the underlying event rates.                                         Limitations               All methods reviewed in event modeling assume noninformative censoring, which cannot be tested.                                         Conclusions               We recommend using proper stochastic accrual models, in combination with flexible event time models when applicable, for modeling and prediction of subject enrollment and event times in clinical trials.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/L6L5R3UH/Zhang and Long - 2012 - Modeling and prediction of subject accrual and eve.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/LRAUPM73/1740774512447996.rflw.epub;/home/will/Zotero/storage/XHHH3BSC/1740774512447996.rflw.epub}
}

@article{zhang_simplerobustmodel_2022,
  title = {A Simple and Robust Model for Enrollment Projection in Clinical Trials},
  author = {Zhang, Xiaoxi and Huang, Bo},
  date = {2022-12},
  journaltitle = {Contemporary Clinical Trials},
  shortjournal = {Contemporary Clinical Trials},
  volume = {123},
  pages = {106999},
  issn = {15517144},
  doi = {10.1016/j.cct.2022.106999},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1551714422003251},
  urldate = {2023-05-03},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/E77EK2MA/Zhang and Huang - 2022 - A simple and robust model for enrollment projectio.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/UAPA9EW4/Zhang and Huang - 2022 - A simple and robust model for enrollment projectio.pdf}
}

@article{zhang_stochasticmodelingprediction_2010,
  title = {Stochastic Modeling and Prediction for Accrual in Clinical Trials},
  author = {Zhang, Xiaoxi and Long, Qi},
  date = {2010},
  journaltitle = {Statistics in Medicine},
  shortjournal = {Statist. Med.},
  pages = {n/a-n/a},
  issn = {02776715, 10970258},
  doi = {10.1002/sim.3847},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sim.3847},
  urldate = {2023-04-27},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/2ZLB3KSW/Zhang and Long - 2010 - Stochastic modeling and prediction for accrual in .pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/VIB8DMAI/Zhang and Long - 2010 - Stochastic modeling and prediction for accrual in .pdf}
}

@article{zhao_predictionbehavioralanalysis_2020,
  title = {Prediction and Behavioral Analysis of Travel Mode Choice: {{A}} Comparison of Machine Learning and Logit Models},
  shorttitle = {Prediction and Behavioral Analysis of Travel Mode Choice},
  author = {Zhao, Xilei and Yan, Xiang and Yu, Alan and Van Hentenryck, Pascal},
  date = {2020-07},
  journaltitle = {Travel Behaviour and Society},
  shortjournal = {Travel Behaviour and Society},
  volume = {20},
  pages = {22--35},
  issn = {2214367X},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tbs.2020.02.003},
  url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2214367X19302455},
  urldate = {2023-07-06},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/4CXZ4673/Zhao et al. - 2020 - Prediction and behavioral analysis of travel mode .pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/G3ZQH5DI/Zhao et al. - 2020 - Prediction and behavioral analysis of travel mode .pdf}
}

@article{zurovac_orthogonaldesignpowerful_,
  title = {Orthogonal {{Design}}: {{A Powerful Method}} for {{Comparative Effectiveness Research}} with {{Multiple Interventions}}},
  author = {Zurovac, Jelena and Brown, Randy},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/home/will/Zotero/storage/2YD3DZ64/Zurovac and Brown - Orthogonal Design A Powerful Method for Comparati.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/9RFC2WNH/Zurovac and Brown - Orthogonal Design A Powerful Method for Comparati.pdf;/home/will/Zotero/storage/NIMP3IZ9/Zurovac and Brown - Orthogonal Design A Powerful Method for Comparati.pdf}
}
